Matrix Algebras and Reality-Based Algebras

We describe the distinguished bases of M ₂(?) as a Core Structure, and then give a negative answer to Question 1.2 raised by Harvey I. Blau in [1 Blau , H. I. ( 2009 ). Table algebras . European J. Combin. 30 : 1426 – 1455 . [Google Scholar]].     

Balanced Deep Matrix Algebras

This paper continues the study of associative and Lie deep matrix algebras, DM(X,\mathbbK){\mathcal{DM}}(X,{\mathbb{K}}) and \mathfrakgld(X,\mathbbK){\mathfrak{gld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}}), and their subalgebras. After a brief overview of the general construction, balanced deep matrix subalgebras, BDM(X,\mathbbK){\mathcal{BDM}}(X,{\mathbb{K}}) and \mathfrakbld(X,\mathbbK){\mathfrak{bld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}}), are defined and studied for an infinite set X. The global structures of these two algebras are studied, devising a depth grading on both as well as determining their ideal lattices. In particular, \mathfrakbld(X,\mathbbK){\mathfrak{bld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}}) is shown to be semisimple. The Lie algebra \mathfrakbld(X,\mathbbK){\mathfrak{bld}}(X,{\mathbb{K}}) possesses a deep Cartan decomposition and is locally finite with every finite subalgebra naturally enveloped by a semi-direct product of \mathfraksl_n{\mathfrak{{sl}_n}}’s. We classify all associative bilinear forms on \mathfraksl₂\mathfrakd{\mathfrak{sl}_2\mathfrak{d}} (a natural depth analogue of \mathfraksl₂{\mathfrak{{sl}_2}}) and \mathfrakbld{\mathfrak{bld}}.     

Spectral Radius Algebras of Idempotents

We show that the spectral radius algebras of certain quadratic operators possess nontrivial invariant subspaces. Additionally, such algebras properly contain the operator’s commutant, so that the invariant subspaces are in some sense beyond hyperinvariant. The spectral radius algebras of idempotents are completely described and, as a consequence, it is shown that every intransitive collection of operators must be contained in a norm-closed proper spectral radius algebra.      

Piecewise Hereditary Triangular Matrix Algebras

For any positive integer N,we clearly describe all finite-dimensional algebras A such that the upper triangular matrix algebras TN(A) are piecewise hereditary.Consequently,we describe all finite-dimensional algebras A such that their derived categories of N-complexes are triangulated equivalent to derived categories of hereditary abelian categories,and we describe the tensor algebras A (×) K[X]/(XN) for which their singularity categories are triangulated orbit categories of the derived categories of hereditary abelian categories.     

矩阵代数上的可乘保持映射

在该文中,作者对矩阵代数 M_n(F)(其中F 表示任意域)上的可乘映射及保秩可乘映射的结构进行了描述. 并应用之进一步刻画了复矩阵代数上保持谱半径, 数值域, 数值域半径, 自伴矩阵, 正矩阵, 正规矩阵, 或酉矩阵等性质不变的可乘映射.     

The Jacobi Matrix for Functions in Noncommutative Algebras

We develop a general tool for constructing the exact Jacobi matrix for functions defined in noncommutative algebraic systems without using any partial derivative. The construction is applied to solving nonlinear problems of the form f(x) = 0 with the aid of Newton’s method in algebras defined in \({\mathbb{R}^N}\) . We apply this to eight (commutative and noncommutative) algebras in \({\mathbb{R}^4}\) . The Jacobi matrix is explicitly constructed for polynomials in x?a and for polynomials in the reciprocals (x?a)¹ such that Jacobi matrices for functions defined by Taylor and Laurent expansions can be constructed in general algebras over \({\mathbb{R}^N}\) . The Jacobi matrix for the algebraic Riccati equation with matrix elements from an algebra in \({\mathbb{R}^N}\) is presented, and one particular algebraic Riccati equation is numerically solved in all eight algebras over \({\mathbb{R}^4}\) . Another case treated was the exponential function with algebraic variables including a numerical example. For cases where the computation of the exact Jacobi matrix for finding solutions of f(x) = 0 is time consuming, a hybrid method is recommended, namely to start with an approximation of the Jacobi matrix in low precision and only when \({\|f(x)\|}\) is sufficiently small, to switch to the exact Jacobi matrix.     

Automorphisms of Formal Matrix Algebras

We consider the automorphisms of formal matrix algebras over a given commutative ring. In some cases the automorphism group of these algebras is a semidirect product of certain subgroups whose structure is known.     

Commuting Graphs of Matrix Algebras

The commuting graph of a ring R, denoted by Γ(R), is a graph whose vertices are all noncentral elements of R, and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = yx. The commuting graph of a group G, denoted by Γ(G), is similarly defined. In this article we investigate some graph-theoretic properties of Γ(M _n (F)), where F is a field and n ≥ 2. Also we study the commuting graphs of some classical groups such as GL _n (F) and SL _n (F). We show that Γ(M _n (F)) is a connected graph if and only if every field extension of F of degree n contains a proper intermediate field. We prove that apart from finitely many fields, a similar result is true for Γ(GL _n (F)) and Γ(SL _n (F)). Also we show that for two fields F and E and integers n, m ≥ 2, if Γ(M _n (F))?Γ(M _m (E)), then n = m and |F|=|E|.     

Decoherence for Quantum Markov Semi-Groups on Matrix Algebras

In this work we describe a necessary and sufficient condition for decoherence of quantum Markov evolutions acting on matrix spaces (according to the definition introduced by Blanchard and Olkiewicz). This condition is related to the spectral analysis of the generator ${\mathcal{L}}$ of the semigroup and is easily stated: the evolution displays decoherence if and only if the maximal algebra ${\mathcal{N}(\mathcal{T})}$ on which the semigroup is *-automorphic contains all the eigenvalues of ${\mathcal{L}}$ associated with eigenvectors with null real part. Moreover, this condition is surely verified when the semigroup admits a faithful invariant state.     

图的p-Sombor(拉普拉斯)矩阵的谱性质

最近在化学图论引入的Sombor指数可以预测分子的物理化学性质. 本文从代数的角度来研究($p$-)Sombor指数的性质. $p$-Sombor矩阵$\mathcal{S}_{p}(G)$是一个$n$阶方阵, 当$v_{i}\sim v_{j}$时, 其$(i,j)$位置的元素为$((d_{i})^{p}+(d_{j})^{p})^{\frac{1}{p}}$, 否则为$0$, 其中$d_{i}$表示图$G$中顶点$v_{i}$的度. 该矩阵推广了著名的Zagreb矩阵$(p=1)$、Sombor矩阵$(p=2)$和inverse sum indeg矩阵$(p=-1)$. 本文找到了一对$p$-Sombor非同谱的等能量图, 并确定了$p$-Sombor(拉普拉斯)谱半径的一些界. 然后刻画了具有$k$个不同$p$-Sombor拉普拉斯特征值的连通图的性质. 最后确定了一些特殊图的Sombor谱. 作为推论, 确定了Sombor矩阵$(p=2)$, Zagreb矩阵$(p=1)$和inverse sum indeg矩阵$(p=-1)$的谱性质.     

Co-commuting Mappings of Generalized Matrix Algebras

Let G be a generalized matrix algebra over a commutative ring R and Z(G)be the center of G.Suppose that F,T:G→G are two co-commuting R-linear mappings,i.e.,F(x)x=xT(x) for all x∈G.In this note,we study the question of when co-commuting mappings on G are proper.     

Lattice-Ordered Matrix Algebras Over Real GCD-Domains

Let R ? ? be a GCD-domain. In this article, Weinberg's conjecture on the n × n matrix algebra M _n (R) (n ≥ 2) is proved. Moreover, all the lattice orders (up to isomorphisms) on a full 2 × 2 matrix algebra over R are obtained.     

Explicit Matrix Realization of Clifford Algebras

In this paper, we construct associative subalgebras ${{L_{2}}{n}(\mathbb{R})}$ of the real ${2^{n} \times 2^{n}}$ matrix algebra ${{M_{2}}{n}(\mathbb{R})}$ , which is isomorphic to the real Clifford algebra ${C \ell_{0},n}$ for every ${n \in N}$ .     

Deep Matrix Algebras of Finite Type

Deep matrix algebras based on a set over a ring are introduced and studied by McCrimmon when has infinite cardinality. Here, we construct a new -module that is faithful for of any cardinality. For a field of arbitrary characteristic and , is studied in depth. The algebra is shown to possess a unique proper non-zero ideal, isomorphic to . This leads to a new and interesting simple algebra, , the quotient of by its unique ideal. Both and the quotient algebra are shown to have centers isomorphic to . Via the new faithful representation, all automorphisms of are shown to be inner in the sense of Definition 18.Presented by D. Passman.     

On a Spectral Condition in Banach Algebras

We use a spectral condition to characterise ideals and scalarsin a Banach algebra, and to study the additive properties ofthese ideals.