Research on DMD infrared scene projector with a high contrast ratio infrared prism design

In this paper a single-DMD infrared scene projector with a high contrast ratio prism design of the illumination optical system is presented. By using the innovative infrared three-element TIR prism group, the off-state and flat-state light that reflected by the DMD could be all steered away from the projection lens. The contrast ratio and optical efficiency has been improved with this three-element TIR prism as the light-separator. This DMD infrared scene projector also features low-profile and compact structure. The illumination and projection optical systems are proved to be of great efficient light utilization. In this letter we analyze the impacts of optical efficiency on temperature simulation. This architecture with three-element TIR prism added could be used in IRSP based single-DMD to improve contrast and optical efficiency.     

2 × Zoom Ratio Telecentric Projector Lens Design for 1080 P High Definition Television with Minimum 8000 K Color Temperature

In today's digital age, digital projectors and their application are gaining in significance, especially in the home theater area where the projected area is more than hundred inches. More attention has to be paid to the design of these than of ordinary data projectors due to the enhancement of both definition and contrast for home theater projectors. This complicates the optical design of the projector, especially in 1080 P flat plane panel resolution requirements with strong offset of 130%, whose semi-image height (18.6 mm) is very close to that of 35 mm film (20 to 21 mm). In this paper the lens design samples focus on the application of a projector with a 1080 P digital micromirror device (DMD) system with 10.68 μm per pitch. Such lenses have the telecentric design on the image side because of the total internal reflection (TIR) prism. The complicated design is the reason for this: firstly, there must be a very long back focal length due to the huge TIR prism and zoom mechanical system; secondly, there is an extremely relative luminance requirement (70% minimum) at semi-image height (18.6 mm); thirdly, there are difficulties in the elimination of lateral aberration due to the limited choice of glass and, fourthly, there is a 2 × zoom ratio with modulation transfer function requirement of 40% at 501p/mm at a semi-image height of 18.6 mm minimum and, most important, limited total overall length. The lens design with 2 × zoom ratio for 1080 P resolution was presented with great success; the optimal calculation of lateral chromatic aberration via genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced in this research and then a local minimum of lateral color aberration was identified.     

LED在飞机航行灯中的应用及光学设计案例分析

为了展示LED在航空领域的应用优势和前景,介绍了LED光源应用于飞机航行灯时,具有体积小、质量轻以及便于设计和维护等优点,阐述了LED用于飞机航行灯时的高安全性、高可靠性和高光学质量的要求。通过分析航行灯的光学分布要求,针对选取的LED设计了由TIR系统和棱镜系统组成的光学透镜,飞机航行灯光学模拟的结果显示,在光源功率不超过1 W的情况下,中心光强已经高于40 cd。     

通用型短焦投影镜头的设计

为设计一款可用于不同规格的投影机的通用型短焦投影镜头,整合了应用较为广泛的几款主流机型的光学特征参数,以不同机型内部光学引擎的的不同尺寸的分色合色棱镜作为镜头的一部分,建立多重结构,并根据不同机型参数合理确定了镜头的像高、分辨率、后工作距等设计指标,设计了一款短焦投影镜头,可用于0.63英寸（1.6 cm）~0.8英寸(2.03 cm)芯片且基于单DMD或3LCD技术的投影机,投射比为0.8:1~0.95:1。分析了短焦投影镜头中较难处理的照度和畸变问题,最后给出了可行的解决办法,并对光学系统进行了公差分析。     

TIR透镜优化设计在LED微投影显示系统中的应用

发光二极管（lighting emitting diode,LED）取代传统光源作为投影仪,特别是微投影显示系统的光源是一种趋势。采用由非球面构成的TIR透镜代替锥形光管和CPC集光器,并通过整个系统最终在目标屏上形成的照明效果为依据,对TIR透镜的内部结构尺寸参数进行优化设计,采用经过优化设计的TIR 透镜作为对LED光源所发光束进行收集整形的光学元件,克服了在传统投影显示系统中经常出现的锥形光管或复合抛物面集光器 (compound parabolic concentrator,CPC) 给整个系统所带来的光学体积大的缺点。以单片式LCOS（liquid crystal on silicon）结构为基础,利用RGB LED时序方式进行混色,设计了一套LED微投影显示系统,并通过光线追迹程序对其光学性能进行模拟评估。结果表明：在考虑时序混色方式影响的情况下,整体系统光能效率为2.38%,系统光学体积仅为125cm3,达到了对系统结构简单紧凑的设计要求。     

微型投影机光学引擎的研究

设计了一种针对个人用户使用的微型投影机光学引擎,系统为单片式数字光线处理器结构,采用红绿蓝三色大功率高亮度发光二极管作为光源,使用X棱镜作为合色元件,从而实现38.1～50.8 cm的彩色投影显示.对设计结果进行理论分析后可知,设计结果满足投影显示对颜色的要求,光学引擎的理论效率为16.1%.同时利用Light Tools仿真软件对系统进行建模分析,300万条光线追迹仿真的结果表明,光学引擎的效率为14.6%,与理论分析结果基本符合,屏幕上光通量为22.8 lm,其美国国家标准协会规定的九点照度均匀性达到91.55%和-93.36%,满足设计要求.     

Optical design and multi-objective optimization with fuzzy method for miniature zoom optics

In this paper a thinning L-type zoom lens design was proposed to exploit the reflecting and refracting surfaces connected by a prism. However, in the L-type designs, the modulation transfer function (MTF) value is comparatively low compared with that in its coaxial counterparts. If we increase the MTF, that would cause the relative illuminace (RI) degradation. We propose a combination of the Taguchi method and fuzzy approach to improve both the RI and MTF in L-type zoom systems. The resulting experimental values of orthogonal array L9 of the Taguchi method were used as inputs for fuzzy approach to obtain the MPCI value. The MPCI value was then analyzed by variance, revealing that the two most significant factors were (1) the surface 7 to image length and (2) the semi-aperture of the front element. In our proposed method, the appropriate weight of MTF and RI for the inputs of fuzzy controllers increased the MTF by 3.74%, but the RI only reduced by 0.13% in the systematic wide-angle end, respectively.     

A study of extended optimization of U-type rod for LED projectors

The paper proposes a new U-type integral rod for a miniature DLP projector's optical engine with a high-power LED source and L-type optics in order to minimize volumetric size of optical engine. In addition, Taguchi method is applied in this research in order to extendedly optimize the performance of optical engine after initial optimization by damped least square (DLS). A miniature optical engine with LED light source has the advantages of good power consumption, useable projected image, reasonable brightness and uniformity, compactness in volumetric size and decent performance specifically for high spatial frequencies. However, there are still rooms for development with regard to light efficiency and uniformity due to non-uniformity of LED light distribution. Two critical design methods are proposed in this research. Firstly, a “U-type integrator” working with high-power LED which not only causes rays to make a “U-turn” in order to minimize volumetric size of optical engine but also, after optimization, controls output uniformity well after extended optimization by Taguchi method. With regard to gain of optical efficiency, we also consider the factors of a U-type integrator: shape and length with a Taguchi optimizer. It is concluded that the newly developed design achieves good results for the performance and volumetric size of the module. Extended optimized parameter design is able to improve the luminous flux by 4.84%, the illumination uniformity 5.62% and the packing size by 12%.     

基于双自由曲面的LED大角度光学透镜设计

针对直下式LED背光源的均匀照明系统,采用双自由曲面组合,设计了一种大角度光学透镜结构。通过近光源面的自由曲面将光发散成的c/cos3(θ)型光场分布,再利用远光源面实现目标面的均匀分布。这样可以在短距离条件下实现大面积的均匀照明,相对于传统的单自由曲面设计,有效地避免了全反射的发生,提高了照明区域的面积。采用光线追迹软件对所设计的结构进行仿真,通过对模拟结果的分析,在灯箱厚度为15mm时,单透镜均匀照明面积可以达到60mm。采用正三角阵列分布,整个目标面均匀度达到87.5%。相对于传统的大功率器件的直下式光源方式,提高了照明的均匀度,同时大大减少了箱体的厚度。     

基于自由曲面的LED全反射准直透镜的设计

为在特定角度范围内实现所需照明,满足各类LED照明系统的要求,提出一种适用于扩展光源的透射 全反射复合曲面的LED透镜设计方法。根据光源的大小由非成像光学原理确定反射面面型并计算光源发散角度,再根据照射的角度要求进行自由曲面的透镜设计。文章给出了设计思想及方法,并设计了一款出射半角为2.5的透镜实例,分析了误差对实际结果的影响。     

大孔径变焦投影镜头设计

为了实现某一大孔径定焦投影镜头作为初始结构, 经过优化设计后成为大孔径变焦投影镜头, 根据设计目标的DMD对角线尺寸, 利用AUTOCAD对选择的定焦距系统的初始结构尺寸进行测绘, 初步选择各镜材料, 规划成5组元变焦系统, 利用各种操作数对镜头的基本参数和外形尺寸进行限制, 并合理利用2个非球面, 在光学设计软件Zemax与CODE V中往返优化, 得到一款在可见光波段内, 短焦距为14.61 mm、视场角为60°、F数为1.5, 长焦距为29.31 mm、视场角为30°、F数为1.6的变焦投影镜头。设计结果表明:各视场的传递函数(MTF)值在截至频率60 lp/mm处不低于0.46, 各焦距处的弥散角不超出1.6', 镜头具有良好的像质。该镜头系统由11块透镜和1块平行平板组成, 其中透镜2使用了非球面镜, 该镜头片数较少, 透镜折射率不高, 材料容易选择。     

快速实现矩形准直光束的高集光效率LED透镜设计

为了实现LED矩形准直光束,提出一种快速构建高集光效率LED透镜的设计方法。基于分步法、边缘光线定理和几何光学定律,分步设计两个自由曲面轮廓线,快速获取两个自由曲面并构建透镜。结果表明:当LED距透镜内曲面尺寸与LED尺寸的比值为6时,系统的半峰全宽为2.3°×1.15°,集光效率为82.6%,可以有效地实现矩形准直光束。随着比值的增大,透镜的尺寸变大,但是半峰全宽变小,透镜集光效率变高。根据设计参数加工了透镜并对仿真结果进行了实验验证。该方法为实现LED矩形准直光束提供了一种有效途径。     

LED微阵列投影系统设计

为满足便携式投影仪的市场需求,设计了一种基于LED微型阵列的投影系统。该系统由显示单元和投影物镜构成。采用尺寸为12 mm×9 mm的自发光LED微型阵列作为系统的显示单元,利用光学设计软件设计了投影物镜。投影物镜采用反远距光学结构,全视场角为80°,焦距为8 mm,属于强光、广角镜头。在空间频率20 lp/mm处,该物镜的调制传递函数大于0. 85,畸变小于2%,符合投影系统的设计要求。该投影系统具有体积小,结构简单,投影效果好,易加工等诸多优势,可为第三代投影技术的发展提供参考。     

太阳模拟器中正方形光学积分器的设计与分析

为了解决太阳模拟器辐照均匀度问题,设计一种可以明显提高太阳模拟器辐照均匀度的正方形光学积分器。根据太阳模拟器以及光学积分器的组成与工作原理,对正方形光学积分器各光学参数进行理论设计,并且分析积分器像差对工作面均匀性的影响。利用Lighttools软件对太阳模拟器系统进行仿真,提出了投影镜离焦改善辐照面均匀性的优化方法。设计的积分器可使太阳模拟器在200 mm200 mm正方形辐照面内的辐照不均匀度达到1.72 %。     

基于自由曲面反射镜的低投射比超短焦投影物镜的光学设计

为了设计低投射比的超短焦投影物镜,本文采用自由曲面和折反式的光路结构设计了一种具有低投射比的超短焦投影物镜系统。该物镜由一个旋转对称的折射透镜组和一个自由曲面反射镜组成。采用11.938 mm的数字微镜器件(DMD)作为空间光调制器产生图像源。采用法线加权迭代优化的方法计算自由曲面。最后,分析了系统的性能。仿真结果表明:超短焦投影物镜可在580 mm的投影距离处实现3048 mm尺寸的大屏幕投影,系统的投射比低至0.19,系统的最大畸变小于0.72%。能够满足低投射比超短焦投影物镜的设计要求。该投影系统具有低投射比、低畸变、投影效果好等优点,可为超短焦投影系统的进一步发展提供有益参考。     

透射式光学相关器小型化设计

 针对光学相关器的技术指标,对其光学系统进行小型化设计。傅里叶透镜组与准直扩束系统均采用摄远型式结构,在满足其长焦距的前提下缩短了系统的光学筒长;采用直角反射棱镜折叠空间光路充分利用空间,使系统布局更紧凑;利用计算机辅助设计软件ZEMAX对光学系统结构进行优化,最后研制出的小型化透射式光学相关器总长在150 mm以内,总宽在130 mm以内,实现了小型化目的。改进后的光学系统结构为双光路处理结构,具有实时性强的优点。经实验验证,该装置具有较好的相关探测性能,并且噪声小、探测精度高。     

LED阵列光源的舞台灯变焦透镜系统

 针对国内大功率LED阵列光源舞台灯具在光束角度不可变和光能利用效率低等问题,提出利用透镜组变焦原理来设计阵列光源变焦透镜系统。基于透镜组变焦原理设计了单颗LED光源的变焦透镜组,高级光学系统分析模拟软件ASAP的计算结果显示：调焦范围为0~10 mm时,出光角度（1/10峰值角）的变化范围为18.5°~38.7°,光能利用效率在调焦距离为10 mm时达到78%以上。在此基础上,将单颗LED光源的变焦透镜组扩展为Red、Green、Blue各12颗共36颗LED的变焦透镜系统,进一步分析36颗LED阵列光源在不同排布方式下的出光角度及混色效果。ASAP计算结果显示：在调焦范围与单颗LED相同的情况下,LED阵列光源变焦透镜系统的出光角度（1/10峰值角）的变化范围为21°~38.6°,且3种颜色LED交叉排列的混色效果较好。由LED阵列的计算结果可知,与国内现有的大功率LED舞台灯具相比,在出光角度的变化范围和光能利用效率方面都得到了提高。     

一种实现大功率LED均匀照明的投射器设计

以特定区域的均匀照明为目标,设计一种以单粒LED为光源的均匀投射系统。根据LED的发光特性以及能量守恒定律选择采用折射 全反射(TIR)光学系统,通过建立TIR折射面及全反射面轮廓曲线上的点所满足的常微分方程,利用Runge Kutta求解常微分方程得到轮廓曲线上点的坐标,再在UG中对坐标点进行曲线拟合得到轮廓曲线,进而得到TIR模型及适合数控加工的面形数据。将TIR模型导入Tracepro并对投射系统追迹光线。模拟结果表明：目标平面的光照均匀度达到92.6%,系统的效率达到91.8%。     

裸眼3D LED显示的全息透镜板在线拼接的检测方法

全息透镜板的高精度拼接与装配是基于全息透镜技术的大屏幕LED裸眼3D显示系统搭建中的关键问题。理论计算与实验结果表明,全息透镜板与LED显示模组横向相对位置误差小于1.332mm时,可以满足显示的要求。基于裸眼3D显示系统的投射条纹,提出了基于投射条纹的全息透镜板位置实时调整方法。依据此方法提出了基于极大值测量条纹中心间距的图像处理算法,并结合LabView编写了图像处理程序。实验结果表明,使用该方法测得的亮暗条纹间距的测量精度为0.1mm,反算出全息透镜板与LED屏之间的位置误差小于0.03mm,满足实时调整全息透镜板位置的要求,可以作为全息透镜板在线拼接的检测方法。     

Fabrication of a binary diffractive lens for controlling the luminous intensity distribution of LED light

To control the luminous intensity of an light-emitting diode (LED), we designed and fabricated a binary diffractive lens by electron beam lithography on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film. We showed that it is possible to control luminous intensity distribution using the binary diffractive lens. To improve the diffraction efficiency, we then designed a binary blazed diffractive lens with a focal length of 140 mm. With a binary blazed diffractive lens having a focal wavelength of the order of micrometers, it is possible to create a small, thin light source for controlling the distribution of luminous intensity.