Retraction Notice: “High power acceleration of an HSC type injector for cancer therapy”, Chin. Phys. C 40(7) 077001

正This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief,in accordance with our policy on publishing ethics.The article is largely a duplicate publication of a paper already published by the same authors in Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators and Beams as"High power test of an injector linac for heavy ion cancer therapy facilities"(Phys.Rev.ST Accel.Beams 18,111002,DOI 10.1103/Phys-     

Multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations and applications on mechanosensitive proteins of integrins

Molecular dynamics simulation(MDS)is a powerful technology for investigating evolution dynamics of target proteins,and it is used widely in various fields from materials to biology.This mini-review introduced the principles,main preforming procedures,and advances of MDS,as well as its applications on the studies of conformational and allosteric dynamics of proteins especially on that of the mechanosensitive integrins.Future perspectives were also proposed.This review could provide clues in understanding the potentiality of MD simulations in structure–function relationship investigation of biological proteins.     

Astrocyte and ions metabolism during epileptogenesis:A review for modeling studies

As a large group of cells in a central nervous system, astrocytes have a great influence on ion and energy metabolism in a nervous system. Disorders of neuronal ion and energy metabolism caused by impaired astrocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. This paper reviews the existing computational models of epileptogenesis resulting from impaired astrocytes and presents several open perspectives with regard to ion and energy metabolism-induced epileptogenesis in a neuron-astrocyte-capillary coupled model.     

肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性相关蛋白研究进展

重点综述了Siah, HIF, NF-κB和DNA-PK蛋白与肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性关系的最新研究进展。 总结了中国科学院重离子束辐射生物医学重点实验室近几年来在BRCA1等肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性相关蛋白方面的研究工作。 简介了HLET C离子束治疗肿瘤的优点。 展望了此实验室借助兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)提供的C离子束研究肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性相关蛋白的目标和方向。 The research progress of tumor cells radiosensitivity associated protein Siah, HIF,NF-κB and DNA-PK are summarized and reviewed. The recent works of our laboratory on tumor cells radiosensitivity associated proteins such as BRCA1 are demonstrated. In the present review, we focused on discussions about the advantages of heavy ion therapy and its possible application in the research of radiosensitivity associated proteins. At the end of this review, we highlighted the future trend and potential targets in the study of tumor cells radiosensitivity associated proteins.     

Multipacting simulation and analysis of a taper quarter wave cavity by using Analyst-PT3P

Since the tapered quarter wave resonator (QWR) cavity is proven to have a much lower peak surface magnetic field in the short plate and a lower peak surface electric field near the beam tube compared with the straight outer conductor QWR, it has been recommended for the separated sector cyclotron linac injector system in the heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou. This paper is focused on the multipacting (MP) analysis for the tapered QWR with a frequency of 80.5 MHz and beta of 0.085. Using the Analyst program, MP bands can be simulated and analyzed with the Particle Tracking module to identify potential problems in the cavity design. This paper will present the simulation results of MP for the tapered QWR cavity.     

Influence of ion species ratio on grid-enhanced plasma source ion implantation

Grid-enhanced plasma source ion implantation (GEPSII) is a newly proposed technique to modify the inner-surface properties of a cylindrical bore. In this paper, a two-ion fluid model describing nitrogen molecular ions N_2^+ and atomic ions N^+ is used to investigate the ion sheath dynamics between the grid electrode and the inner surface of a cylindrical bore during the GEPSII process, which is an extension of our previous calculations in which only N_2^+ was considered. Calculations are concentrated on the results of ion dose and impact energy on the target for different ion species ratios in the core plasma. The calculated results show that more atomic ions N^+ in the core plasma can raise the ion impact energy and reduce the ion dose on the target.     

C离子束放射治疗肿瘤的进展

重离子(C离子)用于肿瘤放射治疗具有物理学和生物学两方面的优势, 被誉为面向21世纪最佳放疗用射线。 综合论述了世界各国重离子束治癌的发展历史, 在日本国立放射医学综合研究所(NIRS)提供的临床试验数据基础上分析了C离子束治疗的适应症以及对正常组织的放射损伤。 此外, 通过分析潜在患者人数和治疗相关硬件与软件设备, 对C离子束治癌的运用前景做了初步评估。Heavy ions (carbon ions) were considered currently as the best radiation in radiotherapy for their two superiorities in the physical and biological properties. This paper firstly put the focus on the history of development of heavy ion radiotherapy in the world, then a comprehensive analysis of the indications and radiation damages of normal tissues in clinical trails of heavy ion therapy was made based on the published data by NIRS. Moreover, the prospect of using carbon ions in radiotherapy was estimated by analyzing the potential patients’ number, its related instruments and etc.     

Measurement and analyses of the mean effective ion charge in the centre of tokamak discharges

There are two different definitions for specifying the mean effective ion charge Z_eff in plasmas: a) from the Spizer electrical resistivity of the plasma and b) from bremsstrahlung radiation losses of the plasma. In this paper Z_eff in the centre of tokamak ohmic discharges has been determined from information on sawtooth-relaxations of the steady state plasma, based on the analysis for the power balance of the plasma electrons in the plasma centre during the period of recovery after the sawtooth crashes. This method is found to supply reliable results for tokamak parameters. While its application requires some efforts in data analysis, it can provide a reliable determination of Z_eff, independent of the information from bremsstrahlung radiation losses of the plasma.     

An improved method of unfolding neutron TOF spectrum for low ion temperature inertial confinement fusion

The fuel ion temperature in inertial confinement fusion can be determined from the neutron energy spectrum. For the implosion experiment with low neutron yield, and thus low signal-to-noise ratio, a new technique to unfold the neutron energy spectrum from the observed neutron time-of-flight signal is presented in this paper. This method uses a low-pass filter to remove noise from the signal with a threshold value determined by power spectrum analysis. This technique has been applied to the analysis of the observed neutron time-of-flight signals in the indirect drive implosion experiment conducted on Shenguang Ⅲ prototype laser facility, and fuel ion temperatures of about 1.0 keV are obtained.     

An improved method of unfolding neutron TOF spectrum for low ion temperature inertial confinement fusion

The fuel ion temperature in inertial confinement fusion can be determined from the neutron energy spectrum. For the implosion experiment with low neutron yield, and thus low signal-to-noise ratio, a new technique to unfold the neutron energy spectrum from the observed neutron time-of-flight signal is presented in this paper. This method uses a low-pass filter to remove noise from the signal with a threshold value determined by power spectrum analysis. This technique has been applied to the analysis of the observed neutron time-of-flight signals in the indirect drive implosion experiment conducted on Shenguang III prototype laser facility, and fuel ion temperatures of about 1.0 keV are obtained.     

重离子束治癌

本文回顾了辐射治癌的历史发展和国内外动态,讨论了重离子束与常规辐射相比在肿瘤治疗上的优势,提出了为治疗应用的重离子束的主要参数以及在兰州重离子研究装置（ＨＩＲＦＬ）拟建的冷却储存环（ＣＳＲ）上建立治疗实验室的初步考虑． Historical background and trends at home and abroad for radiation therapy arelooked back in the paper. The advantages of heavy ion beam in comparision with conventional radiation in tumour treatment are discussed. The main parameters of heavy ion beams fortherapy application and a tentative idea constructing treatment rooms at Cooling StorageRing(CSR) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are proposed.     

Cancer proteomics

Cancer presents high mortality and morbidity globally, largely due to its complex and heterogenous nature, and lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis. A proteomics study of cancer aims to identify and characterize functional proteins that drive the transformation of malignancy, and to discover biomarkers to detect early-stage cancer, predict prognosis, determine therapy efficacy, identify novel drug targets, and ultimately develop personalized medicine. The various sources of human samples such as cell lines, tissues, and plasma/serum are probed by a plethora of proteomics tools to discover novel biomarkers and elucidate mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Innovative proteomics technologies and strategies have been designed for protein identification, quantitation, fractionation, and enrichment to delve deeper into the oncoproteome. In addition, there is the need for high-throughput methods for biomarker validation, and integration of the various platforms of oncoproteome data to fully comprehend cancer biology. ? 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 31:583-605, 2012.     

Superconducting synchrotron project for hadron therapy

The project of a superconducting medical synchrotron for carbon therapy in the ion energy range from 140 to 400 MeV/n is discussed in this paper. This project is aimed at developing and building a medical synchrotron on the basis of superconducting technologies at JINR under the construction of the Nuclotron accelerator complex. A linear accelerator with alternating phase focusing is proposed for injecting carbon ion into the synchrotron, while it is planned to use a superconducting gantry weighing about 150 t for delivering radiation treatment to patients from all directions.     

The determination of zinc,copper and iron oxidation state in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast tissue and normal surrounding tissue using XANES

X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to examine the oxidation state of Zn, Fe and Cu in 22 normal and 23 tumour regions spread over 30 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of human primary invasive breast cancer. A micro‐mapping analysis of the metal distribution in the tissue was performed prior to the XANES analysis to identify and localise the metals in the tumour and normal tissue regions. The aim of this study was to identify the oxidation state of Zn, Fe and Cu in normal and tumour tissues of the breast, in order to correlate the oxidation state of these elements with the carcinogenesis process. The position of the Zn K‐edge in normal and tumour tissues suggests that Zn exists in a bounded form. The shape of the Cu K‐edge XANES spectra and the first derivative spectra of normal and tumour tissues shows that a significant portion of the total copper is present as Cu (I). Nevertheless, the position of the edges in the normal and tumour tissue spectra does not exclude the presence of Cu (II). The shape and position of both normal and tumour regions of the tissue suggest that they contain mixtures of Fe (II) and Fe (III) ions with a significant fraction being Fe (III). However, normal tissue regions were found to have a higher fraction of Fe (II) compared to the tumour tissues. In order to estimate the best target for therapy, more information is required about the relative abundance of Zn, Fe and Cu binding proteins, their oxidation state and their localisation at the subcellular level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AgNOR staining and quantification

Nucleolar organiser regions (NORs) are defined as nucleolar components containing a set of argyrophilic proteins, which are selectively stained by silver methods. After silver-staining, the NORs can be easily identified as black dots exclusively localised throughout the nucleolar area, and are called "AgNORs". The NORs' argyrophilia is due to a group of nucleolar proteins, which have a high affinity for silver (AgNOR proteins). A number of studies carried out in different tumour types demonstrated that malignant cells frequently present a greater AgNOR protein amount than corresponding non-malignant cells. Moreover, in cancer tissues AgNOR protein expression was found to be strictly related to the cell duplication rate. Over the past 12 years, the "AgNOR method" has been applied in tumour pathology for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. However, the lack of a standardised silver-staining protocol has led to much misinterpretation of actual structures evaluated in individual studies. Indeed, the absolute AgNOR scores reported by different authors for the same types of tumour are scarcely comparable and the results produced by these investigations sometimes seem to be conflicting. In order to achieve definitive standardisation of the AgNOR method and produce comparable data in all laboratories, the "International Committee on AgNOR Quantitation" was founded, and during the first Workshop "AgNORs in Oncology" held in Berlin in 1993 guidelines for AgNOR protein evaluation were first defined. The present paper discusses the main technical aspects of NOR silver-staining, and critically evaluates the methods commonly employed for AgNOR protein quantification in routine cyto-histopathology.     

Silver and gold nanoparticle coated membranes applied to protein dot blots

Detection and identification of low abundance biomarker proteins is frequently based on various types of membrane-based devices. Lowering of the protein detection limits is vital in commercial applications such as lateral flow assays and in Western blots widely used in proteomics. These currently suffer from insufficient detection sensitivity and low retention for small 2–5 kDa proteins. In this study, we report the deposition of two types of metal nanoparticles: gold colloids (50–95 nm diameter) and silver fractals onto a range of commonly used types of membranes including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Due to strong affinity of proteins to noble metals, such modified membranes have the potential to effectively capture trace proteins preventing their loss. The membranes modified by metal particles were characterized optically and by SEM. The membrane performance in protein dot blots was evaluated using the protein—fluorophore conjugates Deep Purple-bovine serum albumin and fluorescein—human serum albumin. We found that the metal nanoparticles increase light extinction by metals, which is balanced by increased fluorescence, so that the effective fluorescence signal is unchanged. This feature combined with the capture of proteins by the nanoparticles embedded in the membrane increases the detection limit of membrane assays.     

肿瘤治疗的重离子束物理性质研究

重离子在肿瘤治疗方面的优势主要是由于其优越的物理性质，因此，研究其与生物体相互作用也就成为肿瘤治疗中的基本课题，介绍一些研究结果来解决人们关心的问题.The advance of tumor therapy with heavy ions beam is due to the physics quality of heavy ions.So,the investigation of heavy ions action with biological materials will be a basic task. In the paper, the investigated results show a picture to resolve some problems which attract people＇s attention.     

NIRS的ECR离子源现状

Four ECR ion sources have been operated in National Institute of Radiological Sciences(NIRS). Two ECR ion sources supply various ion species for the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba(HIMAC). The 10GHz NIRS-ECR ion source mainly produces C~(2 ) ions for the heavy-ion therapy.Ions of Si,Ar,Fe,Kr and Xe are usually produced by the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ion source for physical and biological experiments.The other two compact ECR ion sources with all permanent magnet configuration have been developed for the new generation carbon therapy facility.One of these,the Kei-source,is a prototype which has been installed to the NIRS-930 cyclotron for axial injection.The other source,Kei2-source,is a demonstration source and utilized for the new generation Linac.In addition,both Kei sources have been used to study fundamental properties. In this paper,present status of the ion sources and recent developments are reported.     

重离子束适形放射治疗技术

重离子束适形放射治疗技术主要包括束流配送系统和治疗计划系统等 .前者是实现重离子束适形放射治疗的硬件设施 ,后者为适形治疗的软件支撑系统 ,两者缺一不可 .鉴于重离子束与物质相互作用在物理学及生物学效应上表现出的特殊性,重离子束治癌中特别引入了面向生物学效应的适形治疗和束流的正电子断层在线监控技术. The conformal radiotherapy techniques mainly include the two systems that are beam delivery and treatment planning. The formal is the hardware basis while the later is the software supplement for heavy ion conformal therapy, they are dependent on each other to realize the cancer conformal therapy with heavy ion beam. Because of the specificities of interaction between heavy ion and target on both physics and biological effects, the heavy ion cancer therapy especially involves...