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随着现代通信卫星技术的发展, 对微波真空电子器件的寿命和可靠性提出了更高的要求, 广泛应用于微波真空电子器件的蒙乃尔、不锈钢等金属材料的蒸发性能直接影响器件的可靠性和寿命. 本文采用飞行时间质谱仪(TOFMS)研究金属材料蒸发性能. 利用TOFMS测试了真空本底、蒙乃尔、不锈钢等各种金属材料蒸发物的成分和大小. 测试结果表明TOFMS具有很高的灵敏度, 是一种非常快捷的研究金属材料蒸发的实验手段. 测试结果发现在远低于Mn, Cu及Cr熔点的温度下, 蒙乃尔、不锈钢材料加热到800 ℃左右时就开始出现Mn, Cu元素的蒸发, 在900 ℃时就有大量Mn, Cu和Cr元素的蒸发, 这些蒸发物蒸发到绝缘陶瓷上会使电子枪的绝缘性能下降, 因而蒙乃尔和不锈钢不适用于阴极电子枪零件, 尤其不适用于长寿命高真空器件的阴极电子枪零件以及其他容易受到电子轰击的零件(如阳极、收集极等). 研究了在超高真空状态下加热时间对蒙乃尔和不锈钢材料表面结构的影响. 发现蒙乃尔和不 锈钢在900 ℃ 的温度下加热一段时间后, 其表面结构有了很大的变化, 出现了大量的孔洞和晶界, 并且随着处理时间的延长, 材料的晶粒间界逐渐变大, 从而使材料的强度下降、出现渗气甚至漏气等现象, 因此蒙乃尔和不锈钢材料制作的零件尤其是薄壁零件不宜长时间在超高真空状态下高温加热. 结合相关的理论知识对此现象进行了详细的分析. 相似文献
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利用红外测温仪、光学测温仪、热电偶测温仪(铂铑-铂)对微波电真空器件用浸渍阴极表面、覆膜阴极表面、阴极侧面(钼筒)进行了温度对比测试研究。结果表明:采用红外测温仪和光学测温仪测试浸渍阴极表面的温度与采用热电偶测温仪测试的温度相差不大,而覆膜阴极却相差约50 ℃;采用红外测温仪和光学测温仪测试阴极侧面(钼筒)的温度相差不大,都低于热电偶测温仪测试的温度约60 ℃,这说明红外和光学测试温度值低于阴极的实际温度(热电偶测量值)。由于在阴极表面出现了物理、化学变化,红外测温仪和光学测温仪测试的阴极表面温度值在1150 ℃左右加热100 min内增加约30 ℃。分析认为这些差异主要是因为覆膜阴极的表面与浸渍阴极的表面及阴极侧面(钼筒)的发射系数不同造成的,当然测试结果也会随着这些因素的变化而有一定的变化。 相似文献
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基于微通道板电子倍增电荷分割型阳极的成像探测器常用于行星大气、气辉等微弱信号探测。针对探测器读出电路增益不相等导致探测器成像产生畸变的问题,利用理论分析结合MATLAB仿真揭示了不同畸变图像的形成机制,在该基础上提出了一种探测器读出电路增益补偿方法减小探测器成像畸变。通过MATLAB仿真和实验测试结果表明该文提出的方法能够有效减小由于读出电路增益不相等导致的探测器成像畸变。 相似文献
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Systematic studies using density functional theory have shown that some hydrides possess the features of semiconductors. These features include larger fundamental band gap, well dispersed bottom-most conduction band and/or top-most valence band, small electron/hole effective masses and small intrinsic carrier concentration. It is demonstrated that depending upon the composition, hydrides possess a wide range of band gap values and hence they can be regarded as materials for narrow to wide band gap semiconducting applications. The possibility of designing hydride-based p–n junctions, and also their advantages as well as deficiencies compared to existing oxide semiconductors, are discussed. Replacing oxide-based semiconductors by hydrides can help to avoid problems such as formation of an oxide layer, band offsets, large concentration of defect states at the interface between the oxide and semiconductor, etc. Moreover, hydrides can be regarded as an alternative to conventional semiconductors and hence can be used in future-generation electronic devices called “hydride electronics”. 相似文献
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短脉冲线圈电流励磁是高频电真空器件中实现超强磁场的重要技术途径之一,此时器件内将不可避免地产生涡流并进一步对内部磁场分布构成影响。针对使用短脉冲磁场时涡流对电真空器件内磁分布的影响进行了研究,分析了线圈电流脉冲宽度、金属电导率和金属厚度等对涡流的影响,结果表明:随着线圈电流脉冲宽度的减小、金属电导率和金属厚度的增加,涡流对内部磁场的影响也随之增加,导致管内空间无法有效励磁。提出了两种抑制涡流影响的措施,包括采用高电阻率导体进行薄层电镀和对管壁金属纵向切槽开缝。计算结果表明,这两种方法能够有效抑制涡流对器件内部磁场分布的影响,具有良好的实用性。 相似文献
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在研究真空开关的过程中,发现真空二极管能辐射出宽带微波.这种器件只由带触发装置的阴极和平板阳极组成,不存在金属波纹慢波结构,所以真空二极管的辐射机理与等离子体填充微波器件不同,不能直接套用等离子体填充微波器件的相关理论.本文描述了真空二极管产生辐射的物理过程,建立了真空二极管辐射的数学模型,通过求解波动方程得到产生辐射的色散关系,并绘制出了色散曲线.将理论分析得到的色散曲线与已经测得的微波辐射进行比较,两者能很好地符合.理论分析和实验结果表明,电子束和磁化等离子体的相互作用是真空二极管产生微波辐射的原因. 相似文献
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We discuss the concept of quantum vacuum in comparison with the classical concept of vacuum in the context of light-wave propagation. The role played by quantum fluctuations is examined with respect to the behaviour of photons as the quanta of electromagnetic field and also in relation to the fact that photons can be regarded as non-zero mass particles. In this context, photon mass is defined from Klein–Gordon equation. 相似文献
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研究了单路脉冲功率真空装置中脉冲功率的馈入、汇聚及传输, 在CHIPIC平台上, 采用多台计算机进行分进程并行计算的方法, 突破了单台计算机的内存及运行速度限制, 对单路脉冲功率的馈入、汇聚及传输装置进行建模, 并设置相应的参数, 从而对该大尺度装置进行了整体模拟. 模拟得到的该器件各个部分的阴阳极间电压、阴阳极电流等一些重要的物理参数. 模拟结果表明: 该单路真空脉冲功率器件整体都可以保持磁绝缘状态, 并达到了很好的功率汇聚的作用. 该工作验证了真空状态下脉冲功率产生及传输器件的可行性, 为进一步的实验研究提供了有力保证.
关键词:
单路脉冲功率真空装置
并行计算
数值模拟
磁绝缘 相似文献
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The successful fabrication of single layer graphene has greatly stimulated the progress of the research on graphene. In this
article, focusing on the basic electronic and transport properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), we review the recent progress
of experimental fabrication of GNRs, the theoretical and experimental investigations of physical properties, and device applications
of GNRs. We also briefly discuss the research efforts on the spin polarization of GNRs in relation to the edge states.
相似文献
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超导体的发现距今已有近110年了,高温超导体的发现也已经有30多年了.超导材料的电子学应用在最近一二十年取得了突破性进展.高温超导微波器件显示了比传统微波器件更优越的性能,已经在移动通信、雷达和一些特殊通信系统中取得了规模化应用.超导量子干涉器件以其磁场和电流测量的超高灵敏度,成为地质勘探、磁共振成像和生物磁成像等领域不可替代的手段.包括超导隧道结混频器、超导热电子混频器、超导转变沿探测器及超导单光子探测器等在内的超导传感器/探测器可以探测全波段的电磁波及各种宇宙辐射,具有接近量子极限的超高灵敏度,在地球物理、天体物理、量子信息技术、材料科学及生物医学等众多前沿领域发挥越来越重要的作用.超导参量放大器已经成为实现超导量子计算的关键器件.超导集成电路技术已被列入国际器件与系统技术路线图,成为后摩尔时代微电子领域的前沿阵地之一.在计量科学中,超导约瑟夫森效应及约瑟夫森结阵器件被广泛应用于量子电压基准和国际单位制基本单位的重新定义中.在当前的量子信息技术热潮中,超导电子学扮演重要角色,同时量子热潮也大力推动了超导电子学的发展.本文主要对近几年我国超导电子学研究和应用的现状与进展进行概括总结. 相似文献
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The LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) experiment is proposed for a very high energy gamma ray source survey, in which the WCDA (Water Cherellkov Detector Array) is one of the major coinponents. In the WCDA, a total of 3600 PMTs are placed under water in four ponds, each with a size of 150m×150 m. Precise time and cimrge measurement is required for the PMT signals, over a large signal amplitude range from a single P.E. (photo electron) to 4000 P.E. To fulfill the high requirement of a signal measurement in so many front end nodes scattered in a large area, special techniques are developed, such as multiple gain readout, hybrid transmission of clocks, commands and data, precise clock phase alignment and new trigger electronics. We present the readout electronics architecture for the WCDA and several prototype modules, which are now being testedin the laboratory. 相似文献
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为适应下一代电子产品便携性、形状可变性、人体适用性等方面的进一步需求,近年来基于无机电子材料的可延展柔性电子技术成为全球电子产业界与学术界关注的新焦点.与有机柔性电子学器件不同,可延展柔性无机电子器件指的是建立在柔性基底上的无机电子组件.这种具有柔性的集成电路利用力学设计提供大变形,在保持无机脆性电子器件高性能和高可靠性的同时,具备形状可弯曲、可伸缩等柔性性能.本文综述了近年来无机柔性电子器件的进展,包括力学设计原理、基于界面黏附的转印集成方法以及柔性大变形下的失效机理等,并展望了未来的应用和发展. 相似文献
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The LHAASO(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory)experiment is proposed for a very high energy gamma ray source survey,in which the WCDA(Water Cherenkov Detector Array)is one of the major components.In the WCDA,a total of 3600 PMTs are placed under water in four ponds,each with a size of150 m×l50 m.Precise time and charge measurement is required for the PMT signals,over a large signal amplitude range from a single P.E.(photo electron)to 4000 P.E.To fulfill the high requirement of a signal measurement in so many front end nodes scattered in a large area,special techniques are developed,such as multiple gain readout,hybrid transmission of clocks,commands and data,precise clock phase alignment and new trigger electronics.We present the readout electronics architecture for the WCDA and several prototype modules,which are now being tested in the laboratory. 相似文献
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Examples of progress in fabricating branched multi-terminal multi-wall and single-wall carbon nanotube junctions as predicted by nanotechnology simulations, using template growth and nanowelding techniques, respectively, have been briefly reviewed in this report. It is argued that similar general progress in computational nanotechnology-driven fabrication of applications in other nanomaterials such as nanotubes, fullerenes, nanowires, quantum dots, DNA molecules, and nanoparticle-based systems and devices are also feasible. This is because, at nanometer length scale, system sizes have shrunk sufficiently small such that it is feasible to simulate the structural, stability, and physical and chemical characteristics with very high accuracy predictive simulations. 相似文献
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The Large Area Water Cherenkov Array (LAWCA) experiment focuses on high energy gamma astronomy between 100 GeV and 30 TeV. Invoked by the idea of hardware triggerless structure, a prototype of LAWCA trigger electronics is implemented in one single VME-9U module which obtains all the data from the 100 Front End Electronic (FEE) endpoints. Since the trigger electronics accumulate all the information, the flexibility of trigger processing can be improved. Meanwhile, the dedicated hardware trigger signals which are fed back to front end are eliminated; this leads to a system with better simplicity and stability. To accommodate the 5.4 Gbps system average data rate, the fiber based high speed serial data transmission is adopted. Based on the logic design in one single FPGA device, real-time trigger processing is achieved; the reprogrammable feature of the FPGA device renders a reconfigurable structure of trigger electronics. Simulation and initial testing results indicate that the trigger electronics prototype functions well. 相似文献