脑塞通中11种元素含量的测定

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了脑塞通中钠、钾、镁、钙、铁、铬、锰、镍、镉、铜、锌１１种微量、宏量元素的含量。结果表明,脑塞通中含有丰富的微量,宏观元素。为探讨中成药中微量,宏量与治疗脑血管疾病的关系提供了有用的依据。     

通塞脉片、脉通胶囊中钾钠铬锰镍的分析研究

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了通塞脉片、脉通胶囊中K、Na、Mn、Cr、Ni的含量。结果显示,药物中钾、钠、铬、锰、镍含量具有显著性差异（P＜0．05）;镍的含量没有显著性差异（P＞0．05）。     

生血宁片中Fe元素的形态分析方法研究

为对生血宁片中Fe元素的形态进行分析,采用了溶剂法、树脂法制备相应供试品溶液,通过微波消解与ICP-MS法测定了生血宁片中Fe元素的含量,并进行了形态研究。结果表明,生血宁片中Fe元素主要以稳定态形式存在,既以有机态又以无机态形式存在,且主要以Fe2+的稳定结合态的形式存在。通过离子树脂筛选出不同价态的铁元素,为价态的分离提供一新方法,且进一步证明了Fe元素的起效形式,同时为中药材或中成药的质量控制及药理研究提供理论参考。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定玫瑰枝叶的5种微量元素

用微波消解一火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了玫瑰枝条和叶片中5种微量元素元素（钙、铜、铁、锰、镁）的含量。结果表明,玫瑰枝条和叶片中含有较丰富的镁、钙、铁,铜、锰含量较低,该法灵敏度高、快速、准确,所测数据可为玫瑰枝叶的合理利用提供可靠依据。     

Determination of Five Elements in Rose leaves by Microwave Digestion — FAAS

用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了玫瑰枝条和叶片中5种微量元素元素(钙、铜、铁、锰、镁)的含量.结果表明,玫瑰枝条和叶片中含有较丰富的镁、钙、铁,铜、锰含量较低,该法灵敏度高、快速、准确,所测数据可为玫瑰枝叶的合理利用提供可靠依据.     

水母雪莲中不同器官五种元素含量测定

用火焰原子吸收光谱法\石墨炉原子吸收光谱法以及分光光度法对水母雪莲花不同器官中K,Mg,Pb,Cd和P元素进行了测定分析。在水母雪莲的花中,钾的含量最高,可达26045.22mg/kg。在水母雪莲瘦果中磷的含量最高达6944.444 mg/kg。水母雪莲苞片中镁的含量最高为7066.51 mg/kg。重金属元素铅在叶中最高,其次为根中和苞片中,茎、花萼及瘦果中含量都很少。而重金属元素镉在苞片和花中含量较高,在其他各器官中含量较低。     

计算程序-多波长直线回归法测定散列通片中三组分的含量

本文研究并建立了计算程序-三组分多波长直线回归法,用于快速测定散列通片中对乙酰氨基酚、异丙安替比林和咖啡因的含量.散列通片中三组分的紫外吸收光谱严重重叠,采用数学分离-化学计量学方法排除各组分的互相干扰,在230～290 nm波长区间选择31个波长点的光谱数据,利用三组分多波长直线回归计算程序进行计算,直接测定散列通片...     

成都市学龄前儿童末梢血微量元素检测结果的分析

为探讨成都市学龄前儿童末梢血微量元素的缺乏现状及其含量与年龄和性别的关系,利用BH 5100型原子吸收光谱仪对23 932例学龄前儿童末梢血中铜、锌、钙、镁和铁元素进行了检测,用SPSS 16.0做了统计分析.结果表明,所测学龄前儿童末梢血铁、锌元素缺乏严重;铜、锌、钙和铁元素含量在年龄上呈现一定变化规律,铜元素在男女...     

ICP-MS法测定心可舒片中的微量元素

为建立准确快速测定心可舒片中微量元素含量的方法,对该药生产进行质量控制,并为合理用药提供依据,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),对心可舒片中的21种元素进行了分析。结果表明,心可舒片对心血管病的疗效与其中的微量元素有关。     

乌榄中矿质元素含量的测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法,对新鲜乌榄及腌制乌榄的果实和果仁中的钙、铁、镁、锰、钼、钠、镍、钴8种矿质元素的含量进行了测定,为乌榄的开发利用提供依据。结果表明,乌榄中含有丰富的钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、钼等人体必需的元素,有害元素钴、镍的含量较少。     

粉末压片-X-射线荧光光谱法分析砂岩型铀矿制样中粘结剂用量的探讨

由于砂岩型铀矿的成矿特性,样品粉末的内聚力小,采用直接压片法有时难以成型,样片表面常见裂纹,上机测量易碎裂。混合压片法适应性强,制样成功率高,但常见的问题是样品经粘结剂稀释会影响元素的检出限及结果的准确性。本文对粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定砂岩型铀矿地质样品时,前期制样中添加粘结剂的比例进行了研究。试验按照不同比例在铀矿石标准物质GBW04101、GBW04102中添加粘结剂,在扫描电镜下观察到随着粘结剂用量的增加样片表面的光滑度及致密度都呈上升趋势,在X-射线荧光光谱仪上对主量元素进行测定后发现X射线强度在粘结剂添加量大于0.2 g时明显下降,经与GBW04101、GBW04102标准值进行对比后优选出粘结剂与样品的最佳比例为1：20,在此比例下制成的样片光滑平整,不易碎裂,用粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法进行测定,标准物质测定结果的相对误差为0.56%～6.76 %,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为0.013 %～7.68 %,均达到了《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》DZ/T 0130-2006的要求。本文为粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法分析砂岩型铀矿地质样品提供了可靠的实验参考依据。     

Relationship between diffusivity of water molecules inside hydrating tablets and their drug release behavior elucidated by magnetic resonance imaging

We reported previously that sustained release matrix tablets showed zero-order drug release without being affected by pH change. To understand drug release mechanisms more fully, we monitored the swelling and erosion of hydrating tablets using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three different types of tablets comprised of polyion complex-forming materials and a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were used. Proton density- and diffusion-weighted images of the hydrating tablets were acquired at intervals. Furthermore, apparent self-diffusion coefficient maps were generated from diffusion-weighted imaging to evaluate the state of hydrating tablets. Our findings indicated that water penetration into polyion complex tablets was faster than that into HPMC matrix tablets. In polyion complex tablets, water molecules were dispersed homogeneously and their diffusivity was relatively high, whereas in HPMC matrix tablets, water molecule movement was tightly restricted within the gel. An optimal tablet formulation determined in a previous study had water molecule penetration and diffusivity properties that appeared intermediate to those of polyion complex and HPMC matrix tablets; water molecules were capable of penetrating throughout the tablets and relatively high diffusivity was similar to that in the polyion complex tablet, whereas like the HPMC matrix tablet, it was well swollen. This study succeeded in characterizing the tablet hydration process. MRI provides profound insight into the state of water molecules in hydrating tablets; thus, it is a useful tool for understanding drug release mechanisms at a molecular level.     

Determination of ofloxacin in tablets by room-temperature phosphorimetry on a poly(vinyl alcohol) solid substrate

An easy and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin (OFLX), a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, in a pharmaceutical formulation, tablet, was developed by using solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorimetry (RTP) on a poly(vinyl alcohol) substrate. The method did not require a dry gas flush during the measurement of phosphorescence. The influence of different conditions such as solution pH and concentrations of heavy atoms, used as the enhancer, were studied. The phosphorescence intensity of OFLX was enhanced using NaOH and KI as enhancers. A linear relationship between concentration and RTP intensity for each standard solution was obtained in the concentration range of 4-18000 ng/ml, and the determination limit was 4 ng/ml. The proposed method was applied to a determination of OFLX in a commercial tablet, and the results were compared with those of fluorescence and UV methods. It was proven that OFLX in a commercial tablet can be accurately measured by this method with a very small amount of sample solution.     

Comparison of Generic Hydrochlorothiazide Formulations by Means of TG and DSC Coupled to a Photovisual System

The compatibilities and stabilities of some binary mixtures and generic hydrochlorothiazide formulations were studied by using TG, DSC and a DSC-photovisual system. The kinetic parameters were determined via the Arrhenius equations. Tablet B presented higher compatibility and thermal stability than those of tablets A and C. The photovisual system demonstrated that the decomposition of tablet A occurs before the melting point, due to the Maillard reaction between the hydrochlorothiazide and lactose present in the formulation. The behaviour and rate constants of binary mixtures suggest that lactose can be substituted for microcrystalline cellulose, MC(101), in tablet A. The DSC and TG data revealed different characteristics of compatibility and stability in generic formulations from different manufacturers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Bioavailability of Echinacea constituents: Caco-2 monolayers and pharmacokinetics of the alkylamides and caffeic acid conjugates

Many studies have been done over the years to assess the effectiveness of Echinacea as an immunomodulator. We have assessed the potential bioavailability of alkyl- amides and caffeic acid conjugates using Caco-2 monolayers and compared it to their actual bioavailability in a Phase I clinical trial. The caffeic acid conjugates permeated poorly through the Caco-2 monolayers. Alkylamides were found to diffuse rapidly through Caco-2 monolayers. Differences in diffusion rates for each alkylamide correlated to structural variations, with saturation and N-terminal methylation contributing to decreases in diffusion rates. Alkylamide diffusion is not affected by the presence of other constituents and the results for a synthetic alkylamide were in line with those for alkylamides found in an ethanolic Echinacea preparation. We examined plasma from healthy volunteers for 12 hours after ingestion of Echinacea tablets manufactured from an ethanolic liquid extract. Caffeic acid conjugates could not be identified in any plasma sample at any time after tablet ingestion. Alkylamides were detected in plasma 20 minutes after tablet ingestion and for each alkylamide, pharmacokinetic profiles were devised. The data are consistent with the dosing regimen of one tablet three times daily and supports their usage as the primary markers for quality Echinacea preparations.     

Pressure-induced variation of cellulose tablet studied by two-dimensional (2D) near-infrared (NIR) correlation spectroscopy in conjunction with projection pretreatment

Projection two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis, achieved by selectively eliminating specific portion of dynamic spectra synchronized with the projecting vector, was used to study compression-induced variation of cellulose tablet monitored by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and water sorption test. The increased density of the tablet by compression provided apparent variation of spectral intensity much larger than those caused by the change in the cellulosic structure. The direct calculation of 2D NIR correlation spectra from the raw spectra generated a relatively uninformative synchronous correlation spectrum and a very noisy asynchronous correlation spectrum due to the predominant intensity variation arising from the light scattering. In contrast, significant correlation features were elucidated without being hampered by the baseline fluctuation when the projection-corrected NIR spectra were constructed by the projection onto the space spanned orthogonal to the baseline change. Fine features of the compression-induced variation of the system were also elucidated by 2D hetero-correlation analysis based on the NIR spectra and water sorption profiles. The 2D correlation analysis revealed that the compression produces a disordered amorphous component of cellulose. The development of mobile amorphous phase results in a more tightly packed matrix with less porosity, which in turn prevents the penetration of water into the tablet and delays the water sorption.     

The non-destructive identification of solid over-the-counter medications using single particle aerosol mass spectrometry

Single over-the-counter medication tablets were analyzed in real time using Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (SPAMS). Dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectra were obtained for micrometer-sized single particles dislodged from a single tablet without destroying the shape or markings of each tablet. The solid tablet was placed in a modified-top glass vial and shaken to dislodge and introduce micrometer-sized particles into the SPAMS system. Unique spectra from these particles were obtained in less than 1 s for single tablets of aspirin, ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, loratadine, or diphenhydramine. The signals obtained allowed the non-destructive identification of an individual tablet in seconds. SPAMS presents an ideal system for high-throughput analysis of solid drugs.     

Bioaccessibility of some elements from wheatgrass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) by in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion combined with neutron activation analysis using ammonium bicarbonate as an alternate base

Studies on bioaccessibility of elements were carried out by in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulation method combined with neutron activation analysis (NAA) using NH₄HCO₃ as an alternate base to commonly used base of NaHCO₃. The effect of two bases namely NaHCO₃ and NH₄HCO₃ on the bioaccessibility of the elements namely Br, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sm and Zn from wheat seeds, fresh wheatgrass and commercial wheatgrass tablet was investigated. The bioaccessible concentrations of the elements were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The bioaccessible concentrations of samples digested using NH₄HCO₃ were found to be higher by 10–15% for most of the elements than that observed using NaHCO₃. In the case of fresh wheatgrass, the differences were as high as 50%. The present study indicated that NH₄HCO₃ can be used as a base instead of NaHCO₃ in in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulation method.