基于梯度折射率透镜的管道内窥镜设计

针对管道测试的需求,将梯度折射率透镜的光学性能与显微镜相结合,设计了具有大景深的管道内窥镜光学系统.在保证所需放大倍率的同时,利用梯度折射率透镜介质折射率渐变的特点,使该系统的景深增大为原来的200倍.该系统像面近似球面的特点使其更适合圆形管道内壁的检测,当它与CCD等器件相结合,不仅实现管道内窥镜的数字化测试,而且能通过监视器在更大景深范围内、方便的监测管道内壁的裂痕、磨损等清晰的图像.     

基于梯度折射率透镜的管道内窥镜设计

 针对管道测试的需求,将梯度折射率透镜的光学性能与显微镜相结合,设计了具有大景深的管道内窥镜光学系统.在保证所需放大倍率的同时,利用梯度折射率透镜介质折射率渐变的特点,使该系统的景深增大为原来的200倍.该系统像面近似球面的特点使其更适合圆形管道内壁的检测,当它与CCD等器件相结合,不仅实现管道内窥镜的数字化测试,而且能通过监视器在更大景深范围内、方便的监测管道内壁的裂痕、磨损等清晰的图像.     

可调焦胶囊内窥镜光学系统设计

为解决胶囊内窥镜分辨率与景深相互制约的问题,将一种单液体、电控、可变焦液体透镜应用到内窥镜光学系统中进行光学设计,在保证分辨率的同时,扩大了系统景深.采用CODE V软件进行设计,建立系统初始结构,构造液体透镜模型,基于液体透镜中液体的体积不变,曲率、孔径和厚度可变的结构约束特点,在MATLAB中计算出不同物距下透镜的曲率、孔径和厚度数据,将其导入CODE V的系统模型中,并提出了相应的优化流程.设计并优化带有液体透镜的胶囊内窥镜系统,实现了系统在3~100mm景深范围内的清晰成像,视场角大于110°,全视场范围内调制传递函数在40lp/mm频率下均大于0.3.     

斐索梯度折射率光纤透镜传感实验

采用LD泵浦的单纵模Nd：YVO4倍频激光器、梯度折射率光纤透镜等器件构成斐索梯度折射率光纤透镜传感实验仪．本文介绍了实验装置和实验原理，并给出了实验结果。     

理想自聚焦棒透镜和Maxwell鱼眼微球透镜对有限远物点成像及球差

本文用变折射率介质中的光线理论研究了具有双曲正割折射率分布的理想自聚焦棒透镜对有限远物点成像的像距及其纵、横向球差的计算公式。并将它与Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ鱼眼微球透镜对有限远物点的成像作对比。严格的数值计算结果表明：两类透镜的纵、横向球差都随折射率梯度的增强而减小。弱梯度时棒透镜比球镜的球差小；但强梯度短物距时球透镜可达到比棒透镜的球差小一、两个数量级。     

球面端面的锥形梯度折射率透镜的近轴成像特性

本文根据光线在球面上的折射公式及光线微分方程,研究了光线经两端面为球面的锥形梯度折射率透镜的传播和变换,基于光线传递ABCD矩阵,提出了球面端面的锥形梯度折射率透镜的一种等效光学系统.文中给出了该透镜的主平面、焦平面和焦距计算公式,以及近轴成像高斯公式.当锥度为零时即得到球面端面的柱形或径向梯度折射率透镜的相应结果.     

梯度折射率球透镜的制备及其光线轨迹测试

自麦克斯韦鱼眼透镜理论模型提出后,长期以来学术界一直以为它只是一种绝对光学仪器,在实践中并没有应用的可能。但通过对麦克斯韦鱼眼微球透镜的理论研究表明,在一定条件下,它具有良好的成像性能和耦合效率。根据菲克定律推导出梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布函数。并且熔制了含Li+硅酸盐玻璃和采用槽沉法以及Na+/Li+离子交换法制备直径为0.3—3.0mm的梯度折射率球透镜。通过干涉法测得了梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布曲线,并研究了光线通过梯度折射率球透镜的轨迹。研究结果表明:在590℃,离子扩散系数为3.07×10-6mm2/s;所制备的梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布是抛物线分布,并且和理论分析相吻合;梯度折射率球透镜的光线轨迹满足椭圆方程。     

测量液体折射率的一种新方法——液芯柱透镜散焦宽度法

本文提出了一种基于消球差复合液芯柱透镜快速、准确测量液体折射率的新方法——液芯柱透镜散焦宽度法.该方法利用消球差复合液芯柱透镜在较宽折射率范围内系统球差小、成像准确的特点,基于不同折射率在成像系统上呈现一一对应的散焦图像,仅需采集一幅散焦图像即可得到待测液体的折射率.用该方法测量了室温(20℃)下21组不同液体的折射率,测量结果与用阿贝折射仪测量结果一致,用ZEMAX和光线追迹逐面成像法仿真的散焦宽度图像与实验图像一致.用该方法测量液体折射率具有系统简单、稳定性好、操作简便、测量速度快等特点.     

调节声束宽度的超透镜

美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的学者提出一种超常材料制成的声透镜设计方案,可以通过调整折射率控制声束。这是一个类似于照相机镜头的装置,能够实现声波对焦,采用不同的人工结构模块,可以放大或缩小通过透镜的平面波束宽度。科学家希望这种透镜能在医疗超声成像、无损检测、表面波传感器等应用领域发挥作用。     

方形自聚焦透镜的研制

经过方形玻璃丝的加工、离子交换及成品的精密加工等过程,成功制出了方形自聚焦透镜.并采用聚焦成像和雅明干涉等方法对其光学特性进行测试,得出了方形自聚焦透镜本身所具有的一些特性：中心部分畸变较小,成像性能好;四个棱角内的球差较大,像质较差;折射率分布不具有旋转对称性,而是与方向和半径有关.     

Full-field measurement of surface reflectivity using a microscopy for refractive index profiling of GRIN lenses

This paper outlines an improved technique for profiling the refractive index of Graded-index (GRIN) lenses based on the measurements obtained from a reflectivity image. Reflective cross-sectional image of the GRIN lens were compared with a reflectance reference target under illumination at small incidence angles to obtain the full-field refractive index distribution of the GRIN lens quickly and easily.     

Fabrication of gradient refractive index ball lenses

The theoretical model of the Maxwell fish eye sphere lens has long been regarded as an absolute optical instrument without practical application since it was proposed. But the study on the theory of Maxwell fish eye micro-spherical lens shows that at certain condition it has fine image formation ability and coupling efficiency. Based on the Fick's diffusion equations, the distribution function of refractive index of gradient refractive index (GRIN) ball lenses is derived. Lithium-containing silicate glass is fabricated and GRIN ball lenses whose diameters are from 0.3 to 3.0 mm are made by ion exchange and the sagging method in sodium nitrate. Radial refractive index profiles of these GRIN ball lens are measured by interferometer. Results show that the distribution of the index of refraction is a parabolic curve and in concordance with the computational consequence and its Δn is 0.0002.     

梯度透镜折射率分布高次项系数的数值计算

本文从光线方程出发,给出了一系列利用径向梯度透镜球象差进行数值计算求解折射率分布高次项系数的公式及测量计算结果。     

The measurement of refractive index profile and aberration of radial gradient index lens by using imaging method

In this article, through the linear fit of objective distance and reciprocal of magnification in different imaging locations, we use imaging method to measure the central refractive index n(0) and focusing constant α of radial gradient index (GRIN) lens and obtain 10⁻³ measurement accuracy of n(0). At the same time, under distortion, the fourth-order refractive index coefficient and aberration of GRIN lens are derived.     

Fabrication of gradient refractive index ball lenses using the method of combination of ion exchanging and sagging

Based on the Fick’s diffusion equations, the distribution function of refractive index of a gradient refractive index ball lens (GRIN ball lens/GBL) is derived. Lithium containing silicate glass is fabricated and GRIN ball lenses (GBLs) which diameters are from 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm are made by the method of combination of Ion exchanging and sagging in sodium nitrate. Refractive index profiles of these GBLs are measured by interferometer, and the performances such as effective focal length (EFL), back focal length (BFL) and numerical aperture (NA) between GBLs and homogeneous ball lenses (HBLs) are compared. Results show that the distribution of the index of refraction is parabolic curve and its Δn is about 0.0002, the performances of the former are super to the latter.     

Graded-index time-lens implementation

The propagation of a laser pulse in a graded-index (GRIN) space lens and in an electro-optic crystal with an appropriate refractive index modulation is studied. It is shown that the crystal functions as a GRIN time lens if the propagation's second-order dispersion is included and if the phase velocity of the modulating wave equals the group velocity of the laser pulse.     

Effect of crystalline lens surfaces and refractive index on image quality by model simulation analysis

The surfaces and refractive index of crystalline lens play an important role in the optical performance of human eye.On the basis of two eye models,which are widely applied at present,the effect of lens surfaces and its refractive index distribution on optical imaging is analyzed with the optical design software ZEMAX (Zemax Development Co.,San Diego,USA).The result shows that good image quality can be provided by the aspheric lens surfaces or (and) the gradient-index (GRIN) distribution.It has great potential in the design of intraocular lens (IOL).The eye models with an intraocular implantation are presented.