静电纺丝法制备聚酰亚胺新型材料

静电纺丝(eleetrospinning)是一种制备纳米尺度连续长丝的便捷高效的纺丝技术,其应用前景相当广阔.聚酰亚胺(polyimide,PI)是一类具有广泛应用的耐高温、高强度、综合性能优异的高分子材料.近10年来,利用电纺制备PI新型材料的报道层出不穷,包括利用PI电纺纤维为前躯体制备碳纤维材料,电纺制备PI纳米...     

静电纺丝制备图案化无机纳米纤维

静电纺丝技术近几年在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛的应用,被认为是批量制备纳米纤维材料最简单有效的方法。本文综述了近几年高压静电纺丝技术制备图案化无机物纳米纤维的纺丝装置和过程,特别详细综述了纺丝过程中纤维直径的变化,利用带电流体动力学(EHD)理论推导出纤维直径变化的运动方程,并对方程进行一定程度的修订,以符合电纺无机物纳米纤维直径的变化;并综述了取向纳米纤维、中空纳米纤维、壳-核结构纳米纤维、纳米线、纳米带、纳米管及多层次结构纳米纤维的构建及其基本性能。最后对电纺制备图案化无机纳米纤维未来发展方向,特别是功能化多层次结构电纺无机纳米纤维制备进行了展望。     

静电纺丝法制备PHB基纳米纤维材料的研究进展

聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)作为一种天然的可生物降解材料,因其良好的生物相容性,广泛应用于生物医用领域.而静电纺丝技术是获得纳米纤维最理想的方法之一,目前已成功制备出多种不同类型的纳米纤维,尤其在制备复合纳米纤维方面取得了显著成果.本文论述了国内外静电纺PHB基纳米纤维的研究现状和进展,重点介绍了静电纺PHB基纳米纤维影...     

基于CdTe量子点-电纺纳米纤维组装体可视化、便携检测铜离子

采用静电纺丝技术制备得到抗湿性能良好的电纺纳米纤维,进一步与CdTe量子点(CdTe QDs)静电结合得到组装体.扫描电镜、透射电镜和共聚焦荧光显微成像表征结果表明,在pH 7.2、静电组装时间90 min的条件下,CdTe QDs均匀地组装在电纺纳米纤维表面,在365 nm紫外灯照射下,CdTe QDs-电纺纳米纤维...     

静电纺聚丙烯腈纳米纤维晶态结构及取向的形成

采用新型流动水浴收集方式制备出连续单向排列的静电纺聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米初生纤维,收集静电纺丝不同阶段的静电纺PAN纳米纤维,并在热水中进行后牵伸,使其伸长至原长的2倍、3倍.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)等方法对静电纺丝过程不同阶段的PAN纳米纤维的形貌、直径、致密性、晶态结构及取向进行了表征.研究表明,(1)在静电纺丝过程中PAN纺丝液射流受到牵伸作用,静电纺PAN纳米纤维的晶态结构形成并逐渐完善.纳米纤维的直径随着静电纺丝过程逐渐减小(从664 nm减小至353 nm),结晶度从42.55％增加至47.76％,晶区取向由37.48％提高至43.93％.纳米纤维致密性也逐渐提高(密度由1.1917 g/cm3增加至1.1943 g/cm3).(2)静电纺丝过程进入PAN射流溶剂含量较低的阶段后,继续通过静电纺丝过程提高纳米初生纤维晶态结构及取向的效果很有限,而通过热水后牵伸过程可进一步使晶态结构及取向得到有效果的完善.研究同时发现,静电纺初生纤维的晶态结构及取向与其在热水牵伸过程中的进一步完善具有相关性.     

抗菌聚合物纳米纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝技术是制备功能聚合物纳米纤维的一种简单而有效的方法。由电纺纳米纤维堆砌而成的无纺织物具有巨大的比表面积,赋予其广泛的应用前景。通过在电纺聚合物纳米纤维中添加各类抗菌剂或对其表面进行化学改性,制备具有优异抗菌性能的新型功能聚合物纳米材料,将进一步拓展电纺纳米纤维在生物医学、过滤、精密制造等领域的应用。本文基于抗菌纳米纤维的分类进行总结,介绍国内外抗菌聚合物纳米纤维的研究现状,并对抗菌纳米纤维的未来发展进行了探讨。     

静电纺丝法和气流-静电纺丝法制备聚砜纳米纤维

应用电纺法制备了聚砜纳米纤维.设计了一种新型的气流静电纺丝装置,其特点是在喷丝头上添加了喷气组件.电纺过程中所用聚砜的特性粘数为0.97dLg,溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺,载气为氮气.研究了聚砜纳米纤维的平均直径与过程参数之间的关系.研究表明影响聚砜纳米纤维的平均直径的主要因素为电压、纺丝液的流速、喷丝头与收集器之间的距离、操作温度以及纺丝液的性质(如粘度、表面张力和电导率).纳米纤维的平均直径和直径分布用扫描电镜表征.应用这种气流静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维的直径范围是50～500nm.所得纳米纤维的直径依赖于电压、喷丝头与收集器之间的距离以及喷丝液的浓度.结果表明,采用气流静电纺丝不仅能制备较细而且均匀的纳米纤维,而且产量更高.     

静电纺丝纳米纤维基凝胶聚合物电解质的研究进展

凝胶聚合物电解质(GPEs)可以解决传统电池的漏液问题和低能量密度问题,提高电池的安全性能,使电池轻便化,薄型化和外形多样化。静电纺丝技术可以控制纤维的直径和孔隙率,平衡GPEs离子电导率和力学性能,实现两者的共同提高,引起众多学者的研究兴趣。重点对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)电纺膜基凝胶聚合物电解质和聚丙烯腈(PAN)电纺膜基凝胶聚合物电解质的制备工艺和性能的研究进展进行了介绍,并对静电纺丝纳米纤维基凝胶聚合物电解质存在的问题和研究方向进行了探讨。     

改性海藻酸钠聚集行为对电纺纳米纤维形貌的影响

以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂, 采用双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAA)对海藻酸钠(SA)进行改性, 制备了海藻酸钠-聚双丙酮丙烯酰胺两亲性共聚物(SA-PDAA). 将SA-PDAA与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复配, 并进行静电纺丝, 制得SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维. 通过红外光谱、 差示扫描量热和荧光光谱表征了SA-PDAA的结构和性能, 通过黏度仪、 表面张力仪和电导率仪测试了SA-PDAA纺丝液的物理性能, 用扫描电子显微镜表征了SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的形貌, 考察了SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的释药性能. 结果表明, DAA接枝到SA分子链上, SA-PDAA的临界聚集浓度为0.072 g/L, SA-PDAA具有良好的两亲性, SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维具有均一的形貌. 改性后的SA可以有效地减缓药物释放速度, 提高SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的缓释性能.     

静电纺丝法制备多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的综合实验设计

设计了静电纺丝法制备多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇复合纤维综合实验。该实验对纺丝浓度、纺丝电压、接收距离、接收面积、多壁碳纳米管的改性及其添加量对复合纤维形貌的影响进行研究,对纤维进行了红外光谱、扫描电镜测试分析,得到优化的静电纺丝制备多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的电纺工艺。该实验易于分组操作,涉及高分子材料的改性、制备、形貌表征和结果分析等多方面内容,有利于学生巩固理论知识,提高实践能力和综合应用能力。     

Biocompatibility Study of Electrospun Nanocomposite Membranes Based on Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Oxidized Carbon Nano-Onions

In recent decades, the number of patients requiring biocompatible and resistant implants that differ from conventional alternatives dramatically increased. Among the most promising are the nanocomposites of biopolymers and nanomaterials, which pretend to combine the biocompatibility of biopolymers with the resistance of nanomaterials. However, few studies have focused on the in vivo study of the biocompatibility of these materials. The electrospinning process is a technique that produces continuous fibers through the action of an electric field imposed on a polymer solution. However, to date, there are no reports of chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospinning with carbon nano-onions (CNO) for in vivo implantations, which could generate a resistant and biocompatible material. In this work, we describe the synthesis by the electrospinning method of four different nanofibrous membranes of chitosan (CS)/(PVA)/oxidized carbon nano-onions (ox-CNO) and the subdermal implantations after 90 days in Wistar rats. The results of the morphology studies demonstrated that the electrospun nanofibers were continuous with narrow diameters (between 102.1 nm ± 12.9 nm and 147.8 nm ± 29.4 nm). The CS amount added was critical for the diameters used and the successful electrospinning procedure, while the ox-CNO amount did not affect the process. The crystallinity index was increased with the ox-CNO introduction (from 0.85% to 12.5%), demonstrating the reinforcing effect of the nanomaterial. Thermal degradation analysis also exhibited reinforcement effects according to the DSC and TGA analysis, with the higher ox-CNO content. The biocompatibility of the nanofibers was comparable with the porcine collagen, as evidenced by the subdermal implantations in biological models. In summary, all the nanofibers were reabsorbed without a severe immune response, indicating the usefulness of the electrospun nanocomposites in biomedical applications.     

Applications of polymer nanofibers in biomedicine and biotechnology

Recent advancements in the electrospinning method enable the production of ultrafine solid and continuous fibers with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers with controlled surface and internal molecular structures. A wide range of biodegradable biopolymers can be electrospun into mats with specific fiber arrangement and structural integrity. Through secondary processing, the nanofiber surface can be functionalized to display specific biochemical characteristics. It is hypothesized that the large surface area of nanofibers with specific surface chemistry facilitates attachment of cells and control of their cellular functions. These features of nanofiber mats are morphologically and chemically similar to the extracellular matrix of natural tissue, which is characterized by a wide range of pore diameter distribution, high porosity, effective mechanical properties, and specific biochemical properties. The current emphasis of research is on exploiting such properties and focusing on determining appropriate conditions for electrospinning various polymers and biopolymers for eventual applications including multifunctional membranes, biomedical structural elements (scaffolds used in tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery, artificial organs, vascular grafts), protective shields in specialty fabrics, and filter media for submicron particles in the separation industry. This has resulted in the recent applications for polymer nanofibers in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology.     

Polymer nanofibers assembled by electrospinning

Electrospinning is a process by which polymer nanofibers (with diameter lower than 100 nm and lengths up to kilometres) can be produced using an electrostatically driven jet of polymer solution (or polymer melt). Simple alignment of electrospun nanofibers constructs unique functional nanostructures such as nanotubes and nanowires. Significant progress has been made in this area throughout the past few years and this technology has been exploited to a wide range of applications. Most of the recent work on electrospinning has focused either on trying to understand deeper the fundamental aspects of the process in order to gain control of nanofiber morphology, structure, surface functionality, and strategies for assembling them or on determining appropriate conditions for electrospinning of various polymers and biopolymers.     

Cable-Like Core–Shell Mesoporous SnO2 Nanofibers by Single-Nozzle Electrospinning Phase Separation for Formaldehyde Sensing

In this study, we have developed a simple and efficient single-nozzle electrospinning strategy involving the phase separation of polystyrene and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to construct cable-like core–shell mesoporous SnO₂ nanofibers. Compared with traditional multi-axial electrospinning approaches to the synthesis of core–shell nanofibers, the single-nozzle electrospinning process requires no complex multi-axial electrospinning setups or post-treatments, just drying and annealing after electrospinning. The obtained SnO₂ nanofibers show promise as a sensing material for formaldehyde at low concentrations, the detection limit being about 1 ppm. Furthermore, the nanofibers exhibited good cycling stability and selectivity, with response and recovery times toward 10 ppm formaldehyde being approximately 18 and 196 s, respectively, at an operating temperature of 195 °C.     

聚合物的静电纺丝

静电纺丝法是聚合物溶液或熔体在静电作用下进行喷射拉伸而获得纳米级纤维的纺丝方法.由纳米纤维制得的无纺布,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、纤维精细程度与均一性高、长径比大等优点,从而赋予了静电纺丝纤维广泛的应用前景,它已在国内外引起了广泛的关注.本文介绍了静电纺丝的装置、基本原理及静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究进展,同时也叙述了其在各个领域的应用,最后展望了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的发展方向及前景.     

LiCoO2 Hollow Nanofibers by Co‐Electrospinning Sol‐Gel Precursor

LiCoO₂ xerogel hollow nanofibers were first prepared by co‐electrospinning the sol precursor, and the polycrystalline LiCoO₂ hollow nanofibers were obtained after calcination of the xerogel fibers. The obtained hollow nanofibers made up of 20～30 nm nanocrystals were about 100 nm to several micrometers in outer diameter. The hollow nanofibers were detected by means of SEM, TEM, TG, DSC, FTIR, and XRD techniques.     

Polysulfone nanofibers prepared by electrospinning and gas/jet-electrospinning

Polysulfone nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The electrospinning equipment was designed in a new way, wherein the spinneret was combined with a gas jet device. The intrinsic viscosity of the used polysulfone was 0.197 dL/g in dimethyl acetamide, which was also the solvent in electrospinning. The gas used in this gas jet/electrostatic spinning was nitrogen. The relationship between the process parameters and the average diameter of polysulfone nanofibers was investigated. The main process parameters studied in this work were the voltage, the flow rate of the spinning fluid, the distance between the spinneret and the nanofiber collector and the temperature in the spinning chamber. The other important factors determining the nanometer diameter were the spinning fluid properties including its viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity. The average diameter and the diameter distribution of electrospinning nanofibers were measured experimentally by using scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of polysulfone nanofibers prepared by the gas jet/electrostatic spinning was in the range 50–500 nm. It was found that the diameter of nanofibers mainly depended on high voltage, the gap between the spinneret and the collector and the concentration of polymer solutions. It is concluded that the gas-jet/electrospinning is a better method than the conventional electrospinning, in that it makes the nanofibers finer and more uniform and exhibits higher efficiency in the process of electrospinning. __________ Translated from Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2005, (5) (in Chinese)     

聚丙烯腈电纺纤维的功能化

聚丙烯腈是一种性能优异、应用广泛的成纤聚合物,静电纺丝技术则可用于制备聚丙烯腈纳米纤维,本文对聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的功能化进行了综述.通过表面仿生修饰、碳纳米管填充等方法改性的聚丙烯腈电纺纤维被尝试作为酶固定化的载体材料,在显著提高载酶量的同时,能大幅度提高酶活性.糖基功能化的纳米纤维对特定的蛋白质具有较高的识别效率,可望用于蛋白质的分离与纯化.卟啉化的聚丙烯腈电纺纤维则在显示出荧光特性的同时,在催化、传感等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

Solid Dispersions of Ketoprofen in Drug-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers

Solid dispersions of ketoprofen in nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning process with polyvinylpyrrolidone as the filament-forming polymer. Results from differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and fourier-transform infrared suggested that ketoprofen was well distributed in the polymer nanofibers in an amorphous solid dispersion state due to the hydrogen bonding between them. In vitro wetting and dissolution tests showed that the nanofibers could absorb water from the wet papers and wetted within several seconds, and ketoprofen could be exhausted within 30 seconds. Electrospinning is a useful process for the preparation of solid dispersions.