一种用于表面等离子体共振传感器的纳米多孔金膜

为了打破传统的表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感器灵敏度不高的限制,近年来纳米材料在SPR生物传感器中的运用得到广泛的研究。但是纳米材料的制备一般都比较困难而且费用高昂,这给研究带来了困难。笔者采用化学腐蚀法制备出一种纳米多孔金膜,利用扫描电子显微镜和光谱仪等测试手段对该金膜的结构和光学性质进行了分析,并将该金膜用于SPR生物传感器实验研究。结果表明,与传统的平面金膜相比,该纳米多孔金膜具有独特的局域表面等离子体共振效应。装配有该金膜的SPR生物传感器在对生物试剂的检测中灵敏度有了一定程度的提高,且该金膜的制备方法简单,成本低廉,完全可以替代传统的平面金膜使用。     

基于复合纳米结构的局域表面等离子体光学传感器

局域表面等离子体光学传感器由于其体积小、灵敏度高、免标记等特点成为目前传感器研究热点之一。然而由于银纳米结构的生物兼容性以及氧化问题,成为该传感器发展的瓶颈。提出了利用金／银混合的金属纳米结构克服上述困难,并从有限时域差分数值计算方法入手,设计了银层50nm,金层5nm的六边形分布三角形复合传感结构,并利用纳米球自组装技术实现了该类型传感器。同时,与生物分子蛋白A的结合实验结果表明,该传感器在生物分子溶液浓度213．85nM的条件下仍然具有较高的灵敏度。     

表面等离子体激元的若干新应用

表面等离子体激元（SPPs）是在金属和介质界面传播的一种波动模式。本文首先叙述了SPPs的相关特性和激发方式,给出了一种基于表面等离子体激元共振（SPR）场增强原理产生相干极紫外辐射的方法,利用该方法可极大地提高光源的光子流量。分析了SPPs在生物及医疗领域的新应用,并对其在治疗癌症方面的技术原理进行了讨论。介绍了SPPs在新型光源和能源领域的发展和应用情况,综述了SPPs在太阳能电池、光子芯片以及集成电路方面的新工艺和新技术,包括最近几年来所取得的一些重要成果。最后讨论了SPPs在光存储方面的快速发展和巨大贡献。     

Mechanism and properties of thermally biological effect of Micro waves

水在生命体中是大量存在的,它是维持生命的必要物质.它能促进细胞的繁殖和血液的循环,促进和参与生物化学反应,为生物大分子的功能发挥提供适当条件.由于它是具有一定偶极矩的微观小分子,其转动频率是处在微波范围内,所以我们判定生物体中的液态水能吸收一定频率和强度的微波,并可以将所吸收的微波能量转化为水分子无规运动的热能,使水温升高.我们的实验结果应证了这个机制,从而可导致血液循环,细胞繁殖和一些生化反应的加快和增强DNA,蛋白质和酶的生物活性等生物功能.这就是毫米波的生物热效应的机理和特性.     

基于2S2G棱镜的新型反向表面等离子共振生物传感器

提出了一种基于反向表面等离子体共振原理,由Ge_(20)Ga_5Sb_(10)S_(65)-钯-石墨烯分子-生物分子四层结构构成的新型生物传感器。当生物分子之间发生相互作用时,引起生物分子层折射率的变化,从而导致反向表面等离子体共振角的偏移。在此基础上,根据传输矩阵法推导了传感器的输出光谱,重点讨论了本文提出的传感器与传统传感器相比,在灵敏度、分辨率、动态检测范围以及检测信号信噪比方面取得的进展。另外,通过对比研究,深入分析了辅助介质层石墨烯厚度对传感器性能的影响。最后,利用近红外光作为提出的传感器的入射光,分析了在近红外区域传感器性能的改善。研究结果表明:单层石墨烯分子使传感器性能达到最佳;反向表面等离子共振峰强度约为入射光强的80%~90%,使传感器的输出信号具有较大的信噪比;在可见光区域,当入射光波长为632.8nm时,提出的反向表面等离子共振生物传感器的分辨率是基于SiO_2棱镜耦合反向表面等离子共振生物传感器的1.9倍,是传统表面等离子共振生物传感器的3.5倍,提出的传感器的动态检测范围约是现有传感器的2倍;利用Ge_(20)Ga_5Sb_(10)S_(65)棱镜可使反向表面等离子共振生物传感器检测光波长由可见光区域扩展到近红外区域,当入射光为1 000nm时,传感器的分辨率是可见光区域的3~4倍。该研究对基于反向表面等离子体共振原理生物传感器的实现与发展具有重要意义。     

表面等离子体亚波长光学原理和新颖效应

表面等离子体是沿着导体表面传播的波,当改变金属表面结构时,表面等离子体激元(surface plasmon polaritons, SPPs) 的性质、色散关系、激发模式、耦合效应等都将产生重大的变化.通过SPPs与光场之间相互作用,能够实现对光传播的主动操控.表面等离子体光子学（plasmonics）已成为一门新兴的学科,它的原理、新颖效应以及机制的探究,都极大地吸引研究者们的兴趣.SPPs具有广阔的应用前景,例如,应用于制作各种SPPs元器件和回路,制作纳米波导、表面等离子体光子芯片、耦合器、调制器和开关,应用于亚波长光学数据存储、新型光源、突破衍射极限的超分辨成像、SPPs纳米光刻蚀术、以及生物光学(作为传感器和探测器).文章介绍了表面等离子体光子学原理、新颖效应和物理机制,并简述若干应用.     

低温等离子体表面处理技术在生物医用材料中的应用

合成高分子材料无法完全满足作为生物医用材料所需要的生物相容性和高度的生物功能要求，为解决上述问题，文章介绍了一种表面处理方法－等离子体表面改性技术以其特有的优点在生物医用材料中的应用情况，通过等离子体处理后，能够在高分子材料表面固定生物活性分子，达到为生物医用材料的目的。     

表面等离子体亚波长光学原理和新颖效应

表面等离子体是沿着导体表面传播的波，当改变金属表面结构时，表面等离子体激元（surface plasmon polaritons，SPPs）的性质、色散关系、激发模式、耦合效应等都将产生重大的变化．通过SPPs与光场之间相互作用，能够实现对光传播的主动操控．表面等离子体光子学（plasmonics）已成为一门新兴的学科，它的原理、新颖效应以及机制的探究，都极大地吸引研究者们的兴趣．SPPs具有广阔的应用前景，例如，应用于制作各种SPPs元器件和回路，制作纳米波导、表面等离子体光子芯片、耦合器、调制器和开关，应用于亚波长光学数据存储、新型光源、突破衍射极限的超分辨成像、SPPs纳米光刻蚀术、以及生物光学（作为传感器和探测器）．文章介绍了表面等离子体光子学原理、新颖效应和物理机制，并简述若干应用。     

低温等离子体表面处理技术在生物医用材料中的应用

合成高分子材料无法完全满足作为生物医用材料所需要的生物相容性和高度的生物功能要求,为解决上述问题,文章介绍了一种表面处理方法--等离子体表面改性技术以其特有的优点在生物医用材料中的应用情况.通过等离子体处理后,能够在高分子材料表面固定生物活性分子,达到作为生物医用材料的目的.     

金属稳定同位素标记生物分析进展

细胞和组织的很多特定功能都由其在不同的生理条件下的生物分子含量决定,极少数分子的改变就有可能影响细胞生物功能并触发疾病生理过程,因此高灵敏的生物分子检测技术在疾病机理研究和疾病早期诊断方面具有重要作用。金属稳定同位素和放射同位素化学性质相近,借鉴放射同位素标记的成功经验,通过金属稳定同位素标记多组分生物分子,可以用原子质谱高灵敏地检测多组分生物分子。作为灵敏准确的金属元素检测工具,电感耦合等离子体质谱检出限低、基体效应低、线性范围广、同位素谱线分辨率高,因此适用于金属元素标记生物分子检测。金属稳定同位素标记已经被广泛应用到蛋白质、核酸、酶活性、生物小分子、甚至单个细胞的检测中,取得了一些可喜的进展,并展现了广阔未来应用前景。金属稳定同位素标记生物分析方法有三个特性：高灵敏度-大多数金属的稳定同位素有较高的标记灵敏度,并且可以通过纳米材料标记等方法实现信号放大;多组分同时分析-质谱仪同位素谱线高分辨率提供了多组分分析能力;高准确度-同位素稀释法提供了可溯源到SI国际单位制的高准确度检测结果。为了更好的推动相关研究,简要介绍金属稳定同位素标记生物分析的进展,主要内容包括以下几个部分：金属稳定同位素检测工具-无机质谱、金属稳定同位素标记高灵敏度分析、金属稳定同位素标记多组分同时分析、金属稳定同位素标记高准确度分析、金属稳定同位素标记单细胞分析的进展。     

Toward single-molecule detection with sensors based on propagating surface plasmons

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are known to be able to detect very low surface concentrations of (bio)molecules on macroscopic areas. To explore the potential of SPR biosensors to achieve single-molecule detection, we have minimized the read-out area (to ～64 μm²) by employing a sensor system based on spectroscopy of surface plasmons generated on a diffractive structure via a microscope objective and light collection through a small aperture. This approach allows for decreasing the number of detected molecules by 3 orders of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art SPR sensors. A protein monolayer has been shown to produce a response of 5000 times the baseline noise, suggesting that as few as ～500 proteins could be detected by the sensor.     

Phase sensitive SPR sensor for wide dynamic range detection

Phase detection has been utilized to enhance the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for a long time. However, an inherent drawback for phase sensitive SPR sensors are their limited dynamic range, which has greatly hindered wide applications of such sensors. In this Letter, a design combining phase detection and angular interrogation has been proposed to provide an SPR sensor with both high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. As a result, a resolution of 2.2×10^-7?RIU with a dynamic range of over 0.06?RIU has been achieved simultaneously. An added advantage of this design is the flexibility for sensitivity and dynamic range adjustment.     

Surface plasmon optical sensor with enhanced sensitivity using top ZnO thin film

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is one of the most sensitive label-free detection methods and has been used in a wide range of chemical and biochemical sensing. Upon using a 200 nm top layer of dielectric film with a high value of the real part ε′ of the dielectric function, on top of an SPR sensor in the Kretschmann configuration, the sensitivity is improved. The refractive index effect of dielectric film on sensitivity is usually ignored. Dielectric films with different refractive indices were prepared by radio frequency magnetron (RF) sputtering and measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The imaginary part ε′′ of the top nanolayer permittivity needs to be small enough in order to reduce the losses and get sharper dips. The stability of the sensor is also improved because the nanolayer is protecting the Ag film from interacting with the environment. The response curves of the Ag/ZnO chips were obtained by using SPR sensor. Theoretical analysis of the sensitivity of the SPR sensors with different ZnO film refractive indices is presented and studied. Both experimental and simulation results show that the Ag/ZnO films exhibit an enhanced SPR over the pure Ag film with a narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM). It shows that the top ZnO layer is effective in enhancing the surface plasmon resonance and thus its sensitivity.     

Facile fabrication of mesoporous ZnO nanospheres for the controlled delivery of captopril

We numerically investigate the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) mode patterns in periodic silver-shell nanopearl arrays and its dimer arrays with the core relative permittivities filled inside the dielectric holes (DHs) by means of finite element method with three-dimensional calculations. Numerical results of resonant wavelengths corresponding to the effects of different period of unit cells, radii of DHs, illumination wavelengths, field propagation, electrical field stream lines, charge distributions, charge densities, half- body charge densities, and the DH core relative permittivities of periodic silver-shell nanopearls are also reported. It can be seen that the periodic silver-shell nanopearl arrays and its dimer arrays with DHs exhibit tunable SPR modes corresponding to the bonding and anti-bonding modes, respectively, that are not observed for the solid silver cases with the same volume. These results are crucial in designing localized SPR sensors and other optical devices based on periodic metal nanoparticle array structures.     

一种新型的振荡场光化学传感器

利用法布里珀罗振荡模构造了一种新型的光化学传感器。与传统的以表面等离子模和光导模为探针的迅衰场传感器不同 ,这种新型结构中被传感介质处于法布里珀罗腔的振荡场中 ,其能量在全部入射光能中的比重占得很大 ,使得这种传感器具有很高的灵敏度。实验证实这类传感器对葡萄糖溶液浓度和折射率的测量精度皆可达 10 - 5数量级以上     

Sensitivity‐enhancement methods for surface plasmon sensors

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have been a mature technology for more than two decades now, however, recent investigations show continuous enhancement of their sensitivity and their lower detection limit. Together with the recent investigations in localized SPR phenomena, extraordinary optical transmission through nanoapertures in metals, and surface‐enhanced spectroscopies, drastic developments are expected to revolutionize the field of optical biosensing. Sensitivity‐enhancement (SE) techniques are reviewed focusing both on the physical transduction mechanisms and the system performance. In the majority of cases the SE is associated with the enhancement of the electromagnetic field overlap integral describing the interaction energy within the analyte. Other important mechanisms are the interaction between plasmons and excitons and between the analyte molecules and the metal surface. The lower detection limit can be reduced significantly if systems with high signal‐to‐noise ratio are used such as common‐path interferometry, ellipsometry or polarimetry systems.     

Effect of metamaterial layer on optical surface plasmon resonance sensor

In this paper an optical surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with metamaterial for four and five layered structure is studied. The numerical results presented in this paper leads to a significant properties of metamaterials in sensing field. Computed results of SPR sensors using metamaterial are compared with conventional optical SPR sensors for four and five layered structure. It is seen that wider dynamic range or effective range of measurable refractive index increases when metamaterial layer is used. It is also verified that SPR sensor with metamaterial layer can dramatically enhance the resolution and reduce the reflectivity compared with conventional SPR. Validity of the magnetic field results is proved on the basis of smooth match of the fields in the different layers of the proposed optical SPR sensor.     

太赫兹超材料生物传感器的应用研究进展

太赫兹(THz)波,是指频率范围在0.1～10 THz的电磁波,在电磁波谱中处于红外与微波之间.太赫兹波的光子能量相对于可见光更低,1 THz对应的能量大约只有4.14 meV,意味着这将大大减少对生物体内组织器官的辐射而引起的伤害,不会对生物分子产生电离.因此,该波段在基础科学、人体安检、危险品检测、高速通信和医学成...     

表面等离子共振谱半波全宽的算法探讨

根据金属薄膜复介电常量的性质和衬底对表面等离子波波矢的微扰,对在波长调制下的表面等离子共振传感器输出光谱的半波全宽计算方法进行了探讨。建立了输出光谱的半波全宽与传感器各参量之间关系的数学表达式。将理论研究与实验结果进行对比后发现,两者吻合较好。文中的研究结果可为优化传感器的特性提供理论依据。     

Gold and Silver Nanomaterial‐Based Optical Sensing Systems

Gold and silver nanomaterials (NMs) such as nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoclusters (NCs) possessing interesting optical properties have become popular sensing materials. With strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption, extraordinary stability, ease in preparation, conjugation, and biocompatibility, Au NPs are employed to develop sensitive and selective sensing systems for a variety of analytes. However, small sizes of Au and Ag NCs with interesting photoluminescence (PL) properties are used in many PL‐based sensing systems for the detection of important analytes. In addition, many bimetallic AuM NMs possessing strong catalytic activity are used to develop highly sensitive fluorescent sensors. This review article is categorized in four sections based on the NMs used in the sensing systems, including Au NPs, bimetallic AuM NMs, Au NCs, and DNA–Ag NCs. In each section, synthetic strategies and optical properties of the NMs are provided briefly, followed by emphasis on their analytical applications in the detection of small molecules, metal ions, DNA, proteins, and cells. Current challenges and future prospects of these NMs‐based sensing systems will be addressed.