亚乙烯基(vinylidene)钌络合物中间体在有机合成中的应用

综述了近几年钌亚乙烯基络合物中间体α-碳的亲核反应。亲核试剂包括烯烃、炔烃、醇、酸、胺、水等。     

Reaction of Carbon Anions With Iron α,β-Unsaturated Ketimine Complexes

Complexes (η⁴-PhCH=CHCR=NPh)Fe(CO)₃, where R=H(1a) and CH₃ were synthesized in excellent yield from the reaction of the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketimines with excess Fe₂(CO)₉. Reaction of la with (Ph)₂CHLi and (CH₃)₂(NC)CLi at ?78°C or ambient temperature followed by acid quenching gave trans-PhCH=CHCHRNHPh, where R=CHPH₂ and C(CH₃)₂CN, respectively, in good yield. In the presence of 1 atm. of CO the reaction of 1a with (CH₃)₂(NC)CLi, followed by CuCl₂ oxidation resulted in the formation of a carbamyl choride, trans-PhCH=CHCH[C(CH₃)₂CN]N(Ph)COCl. This species was converted to a carbamate compound trans-PhCH=CHCH[C(CH₃)₂ - CN]N(Ph)COOCH₃ in MeOH in the presence of Ag⁺.     

Phosphorus Compounds for the Formation of Unprecedented Anionic Zirconium Complexes

Using the nucleophilic ability of tertiary phosphines we have been able to prepare a large variety of unprecedented stable phosphonium anionic zirconocene(IV) complexes.     

Reactivity of Gold Complexes towards Elementary Organometallic Reactions

For a while, the reactivity of gold complexes was largely dominated by their Lewis acid behavior. In contrast to the other transition metals, the elementary steps of organometallic chemistry—oxidative addition, reductive elimination, transmetallation, migratory insertion—have scarcely been studied in the case of gold or even remained unprecedented until recently. However, within the last few years, the ability of gold complexes to undergo these fundamental reactions has been unambiguously demonstrated, and the reactivity of gold complexes was shown to extend well beyond π‐activation. In this Review, the main achievements described in this area are presented in a historical context. Particular emphasis is set on mechanistic studies and structure determination of key intermediates. The electronic and structural parameters delineating the reactivity of gold complexes are discussed, as well as the remaining challenges.     

Complexes of Manganese Hematoporphyrin IX With Picoline and other Nitrogenous Bases

Abstract

The results of polarography and cyclic voltammetry studies of hematoporphyrin IX with eight different added ligands (other than H₂O and OH^?) in aqueous solvent are reported. Two nitrogenous ligand molecules were found to coordinate with both manganese (III) and manganese(II) hematoporphyrin IX. Oxygenated ligands such as acetate and pyrophosphate showed no tendency to coordinate with either manganese (III) or manganese (II) porphyrin. Porphyrin adsorption on the mercury electrode is quite evident. The adsorption mechanism appears to be complicated.     

Photophysics of Anionic Bis(4H-imidazolato)CuI Complexes

In this paper, the photophysical behavior of four panchromatically absorbing, homoleptic bis(4H-imidazolato)Cu^I complexes, with a systematic variation in the electron-withdrawing properties of the imidazolate ligand, were studied by wavelength-dependent time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Excitation at 400, 480, and 630 nm populates metal-to-ligand charge transfer, intraligand charge transfer, and mixed-character singlet states. The pump wavelength-dependent transient absorption data were analyzed by a recently established 2D correlation approach. Data analysis revealed that all excitation conditions yield similar excited-state dynamics. Key to the excited-state relaxation is fast, sub-picosecond pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion, which is accompanied by the relocalization of electron density onto a single ligand from the initially delocalized state at Franck-Condon geometry. Subsequent intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold is followed by a sub-100 ps decay to the ground state. The fast, nonradiative decay is rationalized by the low triplet-state energy as found by DFT calculations, which suggest perspective treatment at the strong coupling limit of the energy gap law.     

Photoinitiated Reactions of Haloperfluorocarbons with Gold(I) Organometallic Complexes: Perfluoroalkyl Gold(I) and Gold(III) Complexes

The study of perfluoroalkyl metal complexes is key to understand and improve metal-promoted perfluoroalkylation reactions. Herein, we report the synthesis of the first gold complexes with primary or secondary perfluoroalkyl ligands by photoinitiated reactions between Au^I organometallic complexes and iodoperfluoroalkanes. Complexes of the types LAuR_F (L=PPh₃ or N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; R_F=n-C₄F₉, n-C₆F₁₃, i-C₃F₇, c-C₆F₁₁) and [Au(R_F)(Ar)I(PPh₃)] (Ar=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) have been isolated and characterized. Alkynes R_FC≡CR were formed by reaction of Ph₃PAuC≡CR (R=Ph, nHex) with IR_F (R_F=n-C₄F₉, i-C₃F₇). According to the evidences obtained, this transformation undergoes through a photoinitiated radical mechanism. Au^III complexes [Au(n-C₄F₉)(X)(Y)L] (X=Y=Cl, Br, I, Me; X=Me, Y=I) have been prepared or in situ generated, and their thermal or photochemical decomposition reactions have been studied.     

New Schiff Bases Containing Silicon and Their Co(II) and Cu(II) Complexes: Synthesis,Complexation, Characterization,and Antimicrobial and Electrochemical Properties

Two novel Schiff base ligands, 4-((3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylimino)methyl)benzene– 1,2,3-triol (L¹H) and 4-((3-(triethoxysilyl)propylimino)methyl)benzene–1,2,3-triol (L²H), have been synthesized by the reaction of 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, respectively. The mononuclear Co^II and Cu^II complexes of these Schiff bases were prepared. The complexes of the Schiff bases are formed by coordination of N, O atoms of the ligands. The proposed structures were confirmed by elemental analyses, FT-IR, and UV-visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and conductance measurements; the ¹H NMR spectra of the ligands were also recorded. The analytical data show that the metal to ligand ratio in the complexes containing silicon is 1:2. The electrochemical properties of the complexes have been investigated at 100 mVs^?1 scan rate in DMSO. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of L¹H and L²H Schiff ligands, and their [M(L¹)2] and [M(L²)2] type coordination compounds, were investigated.     

廉价金属铁、钴、锰配合物催化的加氢/脱氢反应研究进展

催化加氢和脱氢反应是现代化学工业的发展核心.从毫克级有机化学反应探索到吨级化学品的生产,均存在催化加氢和脱氢反应的广泛应用.长期以来,贵金属催化剂是实现含氮及含氧化合物催化加氢和脱氢反应的关键所在.从绿色环保及可持续发展的角度出发,近年来廉价金属催化的加氢和脱氢反应取得了重要的研究进展,本文主要介绍在非贵金属催化的加氢...     

Synthesis and Reactivity of Boron‐, Silicon‐, and Tin‐Bridged ansa‐Cyclopentadienyl–Cycloheptatrienyl Titanium Complexes (Troticenophanes)

A novel one‐pot method was developed for the preparation of [Ti(η⁵‐C₅H₅)(η⁷‐C₇H₇)] (troticene, 1 ) by reaction of sodium cyclopentadienide (NaCp) with [TiCl₄(thf)₂], followed by reduction of the intermediate [(η⁵‐C₅H₅)₂TiCl₂] with magnesium in the presence of cycloheptatriene (C₇H₈). The [n]troticenophanes 3 (n=1), 4 , 8 , 10 (n=2), and 11 (n=3) were synthesized by salt elimination reactions between dilithiated troticene, [Ti(η⁵‐C₅H₄Li)(η⁷‐C₇H₆Li)] ? pmdta ( 2 ) (pmdta=N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), and the appropriate organoelement dichlorides Cl₂Sn(Mes)₂ (Mes=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl), Cl₂Sn₂(tBu)₄, Cl₂B₂(NMe₂)₂, Cl₂Si₂Me₄, and (ClSiMe₂)₂CH₂, respectively. Their structural characterization was carried out by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The stanna[1]‐ and stanna[2]troticenophanes 3 and 4 represent the first heteroleptic sandwich complexes bearing Sn atoms in the ansa bridge. The reaction of 3 with [Pt(PEt₃)₃] resulted in regioselective insertion of the [Pt(PEt₃)₂] fragment into the Sn? C_ipso bond between the tin atom and the seven‐membered ring, which afforded the platinastanna[2]troticenophane 5 . Oxidative addition was also observed upon treatment of 4 with elemental sulfur or selenium, to produce the [3]troticenophanes [Ti(η⁵‐C₅H₄SntBu₂)(η⁷‐C₇H₆SntBu₂)E] ( 6 : E=S; 7 : E=Se). The B? B bond of the bora[2]troticenophane 8 was readily cleaved by reaction with [Pt(PEt₃)₃] to form the corresponding oxidative addition product [Ti(η⁵‐C₅H₄BNMe₂)(η⁷‐C₇H₆BNMe₂)Pt(PEt₃)₂] ( 9 ). The solid‐state structures of compounds 5 , 6 , and 9 were also determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.     

Environmentally Friendly,Photochemical Access to [ ]AuIII Pincer Complexes By Oxidative Addition

Starting from commercially available DMSAuCl and diazonium salts, cationic [ ]Au^III complexes were synthesized in a selective, photosensitizer-free, photochemical reaction by irradiation with blue LED light. This new protocol represents the first easy synthesis of these types of pincer complexes in moderate to excellent yield starting from a readily available gold(I) precursor with nitrogen as the only by-product. Owing to the disadvantages of known protocols, especially the toxicity in the case of a transmetalation with mercury or the necessity for a mostly twofold excess of a gold precursor, this method offers an attractive alternative towards this kind of gold(III) complexes. In addition, the first arylated [ ]Au(III) pincer complex was synthesized by using this technology.     

Electrochemical Characteristics of 4‐oxo‐4H‐pyran‐dicarboxylic Acid (Chelidonic Acid) and some of its Metal Complexes

A few novel metal complexes of chelidonic acid (chelH₂), namely [Ca(chel)(H₂O)₃] ( 1 ), [Cu(chel)(H₂O)₅] ⋅ 2H₂O ( 2 ) and [VO(chel)(H₂O)₃] ⋅ 2H₂O ( 3 ) were prepared, identified by elemental analysis and characterized by electrochemical methods. IR‐spectra and thermal stability in solid state are discussed as well. The electrochemical characteristics of the free chelidonic acid and its complexes 1 – 3 were studied by (cyclic) square‐wave voltammetry, on static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) and paraffin‐impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE), in aqueous media over a wide pH range. The reduction of chelidonic acid on SMDE is a kinetically controlled electrode reaction, occurring with the transfer of one electron and two protons for 1<pH<6, whereas in very alkaline media the electron transfer is pH independent, i.e . the mechanism of electro‐reduction of chelH₂ is proposed. The experimental parameters of the electroanalytical procedure were optimized and the method was applied for the investigation of the metal ion coordination preferences toward chelidonic acid. For the direct determination of solid complexes 1 – 3 , SW voltammetry of microparticles was used.     

New Copper（Ⅱ） and Nickel（Ⅱ） Complexes of 4-Morpholinoacetophenone Thiosemicarbazone： Structural, Electrochemical and Antimicrobial Studies

4-Morpholinoacetophenone thiosemicarbazone, MAPT, and its nickel（Ⅱ） and copper（Ⅱ） complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, spectral methods （FT-IR, ^1H NMR） and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical behaviors of the complexes have been studied by cyclic voltammetry in DMF media showing metal centered reduction processes for both of them. The redox properties, nature of the electrode processes and the stability of the complexes were discussed. [Cu（MAPT）2]Cl2 complex shows Cu（Ⅱ）/Cu（Ⅰ） couple and quasi-reversible wave associated with the Cu（Ⅲ）/Cu（Ⅱ） process. The reduction/oxidation potential values depend on the structures of complexes. Also, the antimicrobial activities of these complexes were determined against S. aureus, E. coli and B. subtilis.     

偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物热释电性的研究

本实验室合成了一系列不同组成的偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(F_(24)),并通过浇铸与极化制成了热电薄膜. 实验结果表明F_(24)薄膜的热释电系数依赖于极化温度,极化电场,极化时间。选用适当的极化条件可以提高薄膜的热释电性。热释电系数还与共聚物组成有关,当共聚物中,偏氟乙烯的克分子百分数为80～85时,热释电系数最高.此外,还测定了F_(24)的电滞回线。     

Electronic Properties of Oxidized Cyclometalated Diiridium Complexes: Spin Delocalization Controlled by the Mutual Position of the Iridium Centers

Four cyclometalated diiridium complexes, with IrCp*Cl (Cp*=η⁵-C₅Me₅⁻) termini bridged by 1,4- and 1,3-bis(p-tolyliminoethyl)benzene ( 1 , 2 ), or 1,4- and 1,3-bis(2-pyridyl)benzene ( 3 , 4 ), were prepared and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (complexes 1 , 2 , and 4 ). The two iridium centers in complexes 1 and 3 are thus bound at the central benzene ring in the para-position (trans-Ir2), whereas those in complexes 2 and 4 are in the meta-position (cis-Ir2). Cyclic voltammograms of all four complexes show two consecutive one-electron oxidations. The potential difference between the two anodic steps in 1 and 3 is distinctly larger than that for 2 and 4 . The visible–near-infrared (NIR)–short-wave infrared (SWIR) absorption spectra of trans-Ir2 monocations 1 ⁺ and 3 ⁺ are markedly different from those of cis-Ir2 monocations 2 ⁺ and 4 ⁺. Notably, strong near-infrared electronic absorption appears only in the spectra of 1 ⁺ and 3 ⁺ whereas 2 ⁺ and 4 ⁺ absorb only weakly in the NIR-SWIR region. Combined DFT and TD-DFT calculations have revealed that (a) 1 ⁺ and 3 ⁺ (the diiridium-benzene trans-isomers) display the highest occupied spin-orbitals (HOSO) and the lowest unoccupied spin-orbital (LUSO) evenly delocalized over both molecule halves, and (b) their electronic absorptions in the NIR-SWIR region are attributed to mixed metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand charge transfers (MLCT and LLCT). In contrast, cis-isomers 2 ⁺ and 4 ⁺ do not feature this stabilizing π-delocalization but a localized mixed-valence state showing a weak intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) absorption in the SWIR region.     

锰过氧化氢酶及其模型物研究进展

综述了近年来有关锰过氧化氢酶（ＭｎＣａｔ）活性中心结构、催化反应机理和模型物的研究进展。     

锰欠电位沉积的密度泛函计算与循环伏安实验的研究

用密度泛函计算和循环伏安法研究了锰在金和铅表面的欠电位沉积(UPD)行为. 理论计算, 假设生成紧密的二维相(2D)欠电位沉积层, 用基于密度泛函理论的DMol3软件计算在金与铅表面生成2D相锰层的欠电位偏移值&#8710;fE2DMe, 证明锰在金表面可发生欠电位沉积, 而在铅表面不能发生欠电位沉积. 循环伏安实验结果与理论计算不一致: 金电极析氢电位高不利于研究锰的还原沉积反应, 没有发现锰的欠电位沉积现象; 铅电极在MnCl2溶液中有锰的欠电位沉积现象. 这种理论计算与电化学实验结果的差异, 主要是因为理论计算没有考虑溶剂与阴离子特性吸附作用的影响, 理论计算模型是电化学实验体系的一种理想模型.     

Synthesis of Cyclic Vinylidene Complexes and Azavinylidene Complexes by Formal [4+2] Cyclization Reactions

Reactions of the hydrido‐butenylcarbyne complex [OsHCl₂(≡CC(PPh₃)=CHEt)(PPh₃)₂]BF₄ ( 1 ) with nitriles RC≡N (R=2‐cyclopropyl‐2‐oxopropyl, 3‐amino‐2‐oxobutyl) lead to six‐membered cyclic vinylidene complexes 3 and azavinylidene complexes 4 , that is, iso‐osmapyridiniums. Treatment of 1 with excess 2‐formylbenzonitrile at reflux temperature in CHCl₃ in the presence of air produces a fused osmapyridinium 8 , which is first oxidized to the tricyclic iso‐osmapyridinium derivative 7 , then to iso‐osmapyridinium 9 , which contains a fused naphthalenone fragment. The conversion of iso‐osmapyridinium 9 (with a vinylidene segment) to the iso‐osmapyridinium compounds 10 and 11 (with azavinylidene segments) was achieved in the presence of a hydrogen halide, such as HCl or HI. The molecular structures of the complexes synthesized were confirmed by X‐ray studies. Moreover, the aromatic stabilization energy and nucleus‐independent chemical‐shift values of the osmapyridiniums and the strain in the iso‐osmapyridinium rings were investigated by DFT calculations.     

Reactions of vinylidenediphosphonic acid with nucleophiles

It has been shown that heterocyclic amines can be added to the activated double bond of vinylidenediphosphonic acid to form adducts with betaine structures. Of aliphatic amines only trimethylamine reacts with vinylidenediphosphonic acid.For Part 4, seeIzv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1992, 2180 [Bull. russ. Acad. Sci., Div. Chem. Sci., 1992,41, 1709 (Engl. Transl.)].Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1590–1592, August, 1995.