化学拆分的新方法研究

主要介绍了近年来发展起来的两种化学拆分新方法,包括拆分和组合拆分;并简要论述了化学拆分中的手性识别现象,以及化学拆分方法在手性药物制备中的应用。     

药物的手性拆分

手性药物在医学应用中具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了常用药物的手性拆分方法,包括机械拆分法、经典成盐拆分法、色谱拆分方法及酶拆分法等的拆分原理,并对它们的应用领域及优缺点进行了比较分析。以期对新药的手性拆分及现有药物的拆分优化提供一般的理论参考。     

“Dutch”拆分研究进展

本文综述了第一代Dutch拆分、第二代Dutch拆分及反义Dutch拆分的拆分机理和研究进展,并展望了Dutch拆分的应用前景。Dutch拆分能以高收率和近于100％ee值与所有的实验消旋体迅速形成非对映体的结晶。第一代Dutch拆分中Family拆分试剂在形成非对映体晶体过程是典型的固溶体行为。在第二代Dutch拆分中,成核抑制剂改变了非对映异构体的亚稳区宽度,溶解度较大的非对映体盐比溶解度较小的非对映体盐的结晶温度下降得更多,使溶解度较小的非对映体盐更容易析出。     

对映体制备性分离方法的进展

旋光性化合物越来越引起人们的关注。外消旋体拆分法是获得单一手性化合物的重要途径。本文综述了近年来制备性对映体拆分中发展比较快的手性固定相液相色谱法和膜拆分法。     

一种由钙离子参与的光学拆分

将外消旋体解析成纯对映异构体的方法很多，有化学拆分法、酶拆分法、薄层拆分法和高效液相拆分法等。其中化学拆分法应用历史比较悠久。对于特定外消旋体只要能找到合适的拆分剂和溶剂，就可以通过结晶或诱导结晶的途径将外消旋体解析。不过用于化学拆分的拆分剂并不多见...     

西他沙星关键手性中间体5-苄基-7-氨基-5-氮杂螺[2.4]庚烷的动力学拆分新方法

研究了西他沙星关键手性中间体5-苄基-7-氨基-5-氮杂螺[2.4]庚烷的手性拆分方法,分别研究了热力学拆分和动力学拆分对于不同构型的产物的区分。热力学拆分和动力学拆分均以较高的收率,得到99%对映选择性的产物。并对拆分剂,溶剂,温度,反应时间等影响因素进行了筛选。最终通过动力学拆分,降低了拆分剂的用量,降低了成本,有...     

胺类拆分剂从水溶液中拆分外消旋有机酸的研究

具有光学活性的化学物质目前已在药物、食品、饮料、农药等领域得到了广泛的应用,需求日益增长,但化学合成的产物多为无活性的外消旋体(混合物、化合物或固体溶液),要从中得到单一对映体必须进行拆分,非对映体盐结晶法是目前工业应用最广泛的一种拆分技术,其原理是采用一种光学活性物质与外消旋体反应生成一对非对映立体异构体,依据两者在特定溶剂中的溶解度差异实现拆分.该技术尤其适合于外消旋的有机酸、有机碱的拆分,有关这方面拆分实例的报道较多[1～3].但迄今为止,还没有该技术系统的规律性研究报道.本文以若干外消旋有机酸为对象,试图通过以水为溶剂的拆分实验研究,探讨有机酸拆分过程的特性,从而为非对映体盐结晶拆分技术规律性的研究及外消旋有机酸拆分过程工业化的实施创造条件.     

用循环拆分法制备手性萘乙胺

研究了1-(1-萘基)乙胺[(RS)-1]和1-(2-萘基)乙胺[(RS)-2]的循环拆分方法。以D-酒石酸为拆分剂,分别拆分(RS)-1和(RS)-2得到了(R)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺(收率31%,98%ee)和(R)-1-(2-萘基)乙胺(收率30%,98%ee),并对母液中的非目标对映异构体成功的进行了消旋化,实现了循环拆分。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法拆分肾上腺素对映体

胶束电动毛细管色谱法拆分肾上腺素对映体;电化学检测;对映体拆分     

经非对映异构盐的外消旋体拆分实用方法

经非对映异构盐拆分外消旋体的经典拆分方法，仍是提供对映纯化合物的有效方法之一。然而对许多外消旋体来讲，获得需要的异构体远小于50%。如何通过经典拆分使需要的异构体获得最大产率？本文阐述了一种外消旋体拆分的实用方法，通过非对映异构盐的形成可得到所需的异构体最大产率。运用该实用策略，在拆分外消旋哌啶甲酸乙酯、Corey内酯和石杉碱甲中间体上都成功实现。该策略的实践基础是著名的Marckwald 原理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.