基于虚拟仪器技术的磁场的测量

以螺线管磁场测试仪为硬件基础,LabVIEW为软件支持,通过数据采集卡将两者结合,直接测得通电长直螺线管轴线上的磁场分布,实现了磁场的自动化测量。测试结果表明,不同励磁电流下,通电长直螺线管中部轴线上均为匀强磁场,且大小是端口处磁场的两倍。该方法原理直观明了,操作简单,可作为创新和研究型项目。     

也谈长直螺线管磁场的全空间解

本文证明了长直螺线管上电流密度沿螺线管圆周切线方向分量和电流密度沿螺线管轴线方向分量与θ无关。并给出了长直密绕通电螺线管磁场的全空间解。     

霍尔效应实验数据的新应用——提取副效应与螺线管参数

基于霍尔效应测量通电螺线管内部磁场的实验数据,提出了评估霍尔元件副效应的方法,包括霍尔元件的不等势电压降以及能斯托效应和里纪-勒杜克效应引起的附加电势,并详细讨论了它们对结果的影响.进一步,借助Origin软件,利用通电螺线管磁场分布的理论公式拟合相应的实验数据,非常准确地估测了螺线管的基本参数,包括螺线管总匝数、长度及平均半径等.     

涡电流加热实验仪的研制

简述了涡电流加热的实验原理,并设计了涡电流加热实验仪.该实验仪利用给带铁芯的线圈通电产生的磁场,通过磁场变化产生涡电流,同时释放出热量达到涡电流加热的目的.比较了几种金属的涡电流加热与同种金属在不同电源频率下的涡电流加热的效果.     

圆柱形导体壳的霍尔效应

提出了一种同轴电缆结构的霍尔效应装置.若中心导体通电流,则在通电的导体壳内外表面之间产生霍尔电势差.讨论了导体壳电势差与中心导体的电流强度、导体壳的电流强度以及导体壳结构之间的关系,发现导体壳很薄时霍尔电势差最大.     

自制霍尔效应演示仪

利用霍尔效应原理制作了霍尔效应演示仪,详细介绍了该演示仪的制作过程,定性地演示了霍尔电压与通电电流和磁感应强度的关系.     

用红外光谱技术研究磁能活性水的生物效应

磁化水具有比普通水更小的簇合分子,具有硬度、pH值、含氧浓度均增加的性质.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术,测量了大豆与玉米实验组与空白组的叶绿体的红外光谱,发现两者在酰氨键的振动吸峰处存在一定的差异,实验组的吸收明显强于对照组,说明磁化水对作物的生长发育有一定影响,具有一定的生物效应.     

向列相液晶电光特性研究

通过对液晶电光效应这一新开设的大学物理实验的介绍,建立棒状分子模型,从理论上分析当液晶盒通电后其自由能变化.利用实验手段研究了液晶在电场中的相关特性.     

任意形状磁场区域感生电动势的研究

讨论任意形状磁场区域所产生的感生电动势的计算方法.首先讨论有限长直导线的情况.然后以圆形、矩形和三角形磁场区域为例来计算,结果表明不同形状的磁场区域对相同长度直导线所产生的感生电动势也不相同.其次研究了磁场对无限长直导线所产生的感生电动势.证明了磁场对无限长直导线所产生的感生电动势仅仅依赖磁场区域的面积大小而与磁场区域的具体形状和导线到磁场的距离等因素无关.     

快速响应的光致折射率改变效应的实验研究

在LiNbO₃∶Fe晶体薄片中观察到快速响应（<0.1s）、各向同性、并具有信息存储功能的一种光致折射率改变效应.基于它的特征及其与光折变效应的区别，初步讨论了产生该效应的物理机理. 关键词： 光致折射率改变效应 光折变效应 热释电效应     

On the dynamic instability of nanowire-fabricated electromechanical actuators in the Casimir regime: Coupled effects of surface energy and size dependency

Herein, the dynamic pull-in instability of cantilever nanoactuator fabricated from conductive cylindrical nanowire with circular cross-section is studied under the presence of Casimir force. The Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity in combination with the couple stress theory is employed to incorporate the coupled effects of surface energy and size phenomenon. Using Green–Lagrange strain, the higher order surface stress components are incorporated in the governing equation. The Dirichlet mode is considered and an asymptotic solution, based on the path integral approach, is applied to consider the effect of the Casimir attraction. Furthermore, the influence of structural damping is considered in the model. The nonlinear governing equation is solved using analytical reduced order method (ROM). The effects of various parameters on the dynamic pull-in parameters, phase planes and stability threshold of the actuator are demonstrated.     

A general model for nano-cantilever switches with consideration of surface effects and nonlinear curvature

A general model for nano-cantilever switches with consideration of surface stress, nonlinear curvature, the location and length of the fixed electrode is developed. Some representative cantilever switch architectures are incorporated into this model. The governing equation is derived by using Hamilton principal and solved numerical. Results show that the influence of nonlinear curvature and surface effect on the pull-in instability and free vibration is significant for a switch with a large gap-length ratio and a short fixed electrode (the length of the fixed electrode is smaller than that of the cantilever nanobeam). The length and position of the fixed electrode have a significant effect on the pull-in parameters.     

Effect of driving frequency on electron heating in capacitively coupled RF argon glow discharges at low pressure

A one-dimensional(1D) fluid model on capacitively coupled radio frequency(RF) argon glow discharge between parallel-plates electrodes at low pressure is established to test the effect of the driving frequency on electron heating. The model is solved numerically by a finite difference method. The numerical results show that the discharge process may be divided into three stages: the growing rapidly stage, the growing slowly stage, and the steady stage. In the steady stage,the maximal electron density increases as the driving frequency increases. The results show that the discharge region has three parts: the powered electrode sheath region, the bulk plasma region and the grounded electrode sheath region. In the growing rapidly stage(at 18 μs), the results of the cycle-averaged electric field, electron temperature, electron density, and electric potentials for the driving frequencies of 3.39, 6.78, 13.56, and 27.12 MHz are compared, respectively. Furthermore,the results of cycle-averaged electron pressure cooling, electron ohmic heating, electron heating, and electron energy loss for the driving frequencies of 3.39, 6.78, 13.56, and 27.12 MHz are discussed, respectively. It is also found that the effect of the cycle-averaged electron pressure cooling on the electrons is to "cool" the electrons; the effect of the electron ohmic heating on the electrons is always to "heat" the electrons; the effect of the cycle-averaged electron ohmic heating on the electrons is stronger than the effect of the cycle-averaged electron pressure cooling on the electrons in the discharge region except in the regions near the electrodes. Therefore, the effect of the cycle-averaged electron heating on the electrons is to "heat" the electrons in the discharge region except in the regions near the electrodes. However, in the regions near the electrodes, the effect of the cycle-averaged electron heating on the electron is to "cool" the electrons. Finally, the space distributions of the electron pressure cooling the electron ohmic heating and the electron heating at 1/4 T, 2/4 T, 3/4 T, and 4/4 T in one RF-cycle are presented and compared.     

A general closed-form solution for the static pull-in voltages of electrostatically actuated MEMS/NEMS

In this article, an analytical method for calculating pull-in voltage is proposed. This method can accurately predict pull-in voltage of clamped-free, clamped-clamped and curved micro- and nano-beams. In this study, mid-plane stretching, axial stress, initial deformation and the effect of size are taken into account. To achieve this goal, governing equation of beam based on modified couple stress theory was first derived and then transformed to a single degree of freedom (D.O.F) model by Galerkin method. In this model, electrostatic force appears in integral form which is approximated to non-integral form employing Genetic Algorithm. This single degree of freedom model provides means for obtaining critical deflection of beam and is used to find the general closed-form expression for pull-in voltage. The validation of the method was carried out by comparing the results with the existing literature.     

三流道喷嘴涡流管能量分离特性的研究

涡流管是一种可以产生冷热分离效应的结构简单的装置,尽管其在结构和操作上非常简单,但管内发生的能量交换过程却极其复杂。以压缩空气作为涡流管的工作介质,对涡流管能量分离特性进行了实验研究,获得了涡流管制热效应、制冷效应与进气压力以及冷流率之间的关系。研究结果表明:在冷流率 μ_c<85％时,喷嘴进口压力愈高,三流道喷嘴涡流管的制冷效应愈好,制热效应也愈好;冷流率愈高,三流道喷嘴涡流管的制冷效应愈差,但三流道喷嘴涡流管的制热效应愈好。     

BOILING HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS IN A HORIZONTAL TUBE BUNDLE

The effect of thermal environment on boiling heat transfer performance in a section of a horizontal tube bundle was investigated using R-113 as the working fluid. The in-line tube bundle has five columns and 27 rows with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.3. Heal transfer coefficients obtained from the instrumented tube in the tube bundle with only one tube heated while the other tubes remained unhealed and with all the lubes in the bundle heated are reported for a range of heat flux, pressure, mass flow rate, and quality. The results showed that heat transfer coefficient of a tube in a heated bundle is slightly higher than that in an unhealed bundle, with the variation of heat transfer coefficient decreasing as heat flux, mass flow rate, or pressure increased. It was also found that higher quality would tend to improve the heat transfer. However, the effect of quality disappeared as heat flux, mass flow rate, and pressure increased. Based on the experimental data, the mechanism of the heat transfer augment due to thermal environment was analyzed. It was proposed that fluid agitation and thin liquid film formation are two main factors for a heated bundle to have better transfer performance than an unhealed bundle,     

Peltier-effect-induced correction to ohmic resistance

The standard ohmic measurements by means of two extra leads contain an additional thermal correction to resistance. The current results in heating (cooling) at the first (second) sample contact because of the Peltier effect. The contact temperatures are different. The measured voltage is the sum of the ohmic voltage swing and the Peltier-effect-induced thermoelectromotive force that is linear in the current. As a result, the thermal correction to the resistance measured exists as I→0. The correction could be comparable with the ohmic resistance. Above some critical frequency depending on thermal inertial effects, the thermal correction disappears.     

Experimental investigation on laser flattening of sheet metal

The purpose of this research is to establish the technique of laser flattening and to consider the fundamental mechanism. The thermal stress produced by heating with a laser beam is used to make a flat sheet from a sheet metal of protruded distortion. Three kinds of protrusions are chosen as the typical protruded distortion; point protrusion, line protrusion and face protrusion. For point protrusion, laser irradiation along the circular path is effective when the height of protrusion is large, and the laser irradiation along the radial path is effective when it is small. For line protrusion, laser beam is irradiated along the short straight path whose direction is normal to the centerline of the protrusion. For face protrusion, the height decreases from 1-0.1 mm by the laser irradiation along the circular path. The residual stress at the convex surface of a point protrusion on the sheet metal changes from a large compressive stress to a small tensile stress by the laser irradiation.     

Analysis of directional radiative behavior and heating efficiency for a gas-fired radiant burner

For the purpose of energy conservation and uniform heating of object surface, a gas-fired porous radiant burner with a bundle of reflecting tubes is developed. A physical model is developed to simulate the directional radiative behavior of this heating device, in which the Monte Carlo method based on the concept of radiation distribution factor is used to compute the directional radiative behavior. The effects of relating parameters on the directional behavior of radiative heating and the heating efficiency are analyzed. With the increase of the length-to-radius ratio of tube, the radiation heating efficiency decreases, but the radiation energy incident on the object surface is more collimated. The radiation heating efficiency increases with the specular reflectivity. With the increase in length of tube segment with specular reflective surface, the radiation heating efficiency increases, but the extent of concentration and collimation of radiative energy decreases. For real design of the heating device, some trade-offs are needed to balance the radiation heating efficiency and the uniformity of radiative heating of object surface.     

1.06μm连续激光照射下K9玻璃板的应力松驰破坏

 基于一维应力松弛模型和粘弹性本构关系,对1.06μm连续激光照射下K9玻璃板中的温升和应力作了计算,结果表明,由于应力松弛效应,激光停照后的冷却过程中产生的残余拉伸应力可达到玻璃的拉伸断裂强度阈值,而激光加热期间的最大压缩应力却小于压缩断裂强度要求。对3mm厚的K9玻璃板,由应力松弛引起破坏所要求的激光参数为946kWm^-2作用0.2s,因而应力松弛可能为1.06 μm连续激光大光斑照射下K9玻璃窗口损伤的主要模式。