不带奇异数的双重子态（英文）

在手征SU（3） 夸克模型下应用共振群方法讨论了三个非奇异的双重子态的性质。计算中的模型参数取自我们以前的工作,拟合核子-核子相互作用散射相移确定下来的。首先,研究了氘核的性质,这是非常重要的,因为氘核是多年来实验上唯一发现的双重子态。氘核属于核子-核子系统,它是自旋为S =1 和同位旋为T =0 的双重子态。我们计算了氘核的结合能、散射长度以及氘核的相对运动波函数,结果表明手征SU（3） 夸克模型可以合理描述氘核的性质并且发现张量力对形成松散束缚态的氘核是重要的。然后,给出了S = 3 和T =0 的ΔΔ双重子态的理论预言结果,这里考虑了分波耦合和隐色道耦合效应,计算了结合能和均方根半径。结果表明,隐色道耦合效应比分波耦合效应大,也就是说隐色道耦合效应在形成（ΔΔ）_ST=30 双重子态中是重要的。我们的理论预言结果在几十个MeV 左右,低于ΔΔ道的阈值但是高于NΔπ的阈值. 出乎意料地,我们的预言结果很接近最近2014 年WASA的实验结果。接着,给出了对S = 0 和T =3 的ΔΔ双重子态性质的最新研究结果,这里在以前的单道计算基础上考虑了隐色道耦合效应。结果表明,隐色道耦合对（ΔΔ）ST=03的结合能也有较大的影响。但是,和（ΔΔ）_ST=30 一样,它的质量低于ΔΔ道的阈值但是高于NΔπ的阈值。最后,对S = 3 以及S = 0 两个不同ΔΔ自旋态,详细比较了两者结构之间的差异。结果表明,σ'介子交换和OGE 交换对自旋S = 0 和S = 1 态提供的吸引作用分别是主要的,从而导致耦合道计算中系统的结合能变大。In the present work we discuss three dibaryons without strangeness in the chiral SU(3) quark model by solving the resonating group method (RGM) equation. In the calculation, the model parameters are taken from our previous work in which the nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering phase shifts are fitted quite well. Firstly, the structure of deuteron is discussed, which is very important since it is the first dibaryon confirmed by experiment in the past many years. Deuteron belongs to NN system with spin S =1 and isospin T =0, the binding energy, scattering length and the relative wave functions of deuteron are discussed. The results show that the chiral SU(3) quark model describes the properties of deuteron quite well and tensor interaction is important in forming the deuteron loosely bound. Secondly, the predicted results of ΔΔ dibaryon with S =3 and T =0 are shown, the resultant binding energy and size of root-mean-square (RMS) of six quarks are calculated by including the L coupling and hidden color channel (CC) coupling. The results show that the CC coupling effect is much larger than the L mixing effect, which means that CC coupling plays an important role in forming the spin S =3 ΔΔ dibayon state. Our predicted binding energy is several tens MeV, it is lower than the threshold of the ΔΔ channel and higher than the mass of NΔπ. Unexpectedly, our predicted mass is quite close to the recent confirmation by WASA experiments in 2014. Thirdly, we present our new results of ΔΔ dibaryon with S = 0 and T =3, obtained recently by extending the single-channel calculation to including the CC coupling. It is seen that the CC coupling also has a relatively large effect on (ΔΔ)ST=03 state. However, its mass is still lower than the threshold of the ΔΔ channel and higher than the mass of NΔπ, similar as that of (ΔΔ)_ST=30 state. Finally, we further make some comparisons between S = 3 and S = 0 ΔΔ states to show the difference of the two dibaryons. The results show that the attractive interactions from σ' meson and OGE exchanges are dominantly important for S =0 and S =3 states, respectively, so their binding energies all become larger in coupled-channel calculation.     

B0-B0 Mixing in Local Gauged Baryon and Lepton Numbers

Using the effective Hamiltonian method, we analyze the B⁰-B⁰ mixing in the extension of the standard model (SM) where baryon number and lepton number are local gauge symmetries. The numerical results indicate the correction from the extra particles to the mass difference Δm_B is significant. There is a 60% enhancement compared to the SM prediction for Δm_B at most, which agrees with the current experimental result.     

激光诱导击穿光谱法铁基合金谱线选择研究

内标法是激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)最常用的定量分析方法之一。为了提高定量分析精度，研究了谱线强度比的相对波动特性随分析线和内标线之间激发能级差(ΔE)和波长差(Δλ)变化的规律。在局部热力学平衡条件下，建立了考虑等离子体中某元素电子上能级跃迁到下能级产生原子发射谱线的激发能级差、等离子体温度、配分函数和离子密度等强度影响因素的数学模型，对模型中激发能级差对谱线强度相对波动的影响进行了研究。得到在-2 eV<ΔE<2 eV和等离子体温度范围在3 000～15 000 K条件下，谱线强度随着ΔE和T变化的趋势：随着ΔE变大，谱线强度比呈上升，在ΔE=2 eV，T=3 000 K时谱线强度比最大；并且谱线强度比相对波动对ΔE和T敏感，ΔE趋近于零时相对波动变小，T对谱线强度比相对波动影响变化不大，整体趋势平稳。在T=10 000 K时，ΔE<0相对波动比ΔE>0时小，因此理论上优先选择ΔE<0的谱线对。通过理论分析得出|ΔE|越接近于零，谱线强度比相对波动越小。实验装置中采用工作波长1 064 nm，脉冲能量85 mJ，重复频率1 Hz，脉冲宽度13 ns的Nd∶YAG脉冲激光诱导击穿样品；采用工作波长200～975 nm，光学分辨率优于0.05 nm的Andor公司Mechelle 5000光谱仪，配合Andor New iStar型号ICCD采集光谱；利用激光诱导铁基合金等离子体光谱进行验证。实验中，以Fe为内标元素，Cr和Mn为分析元素。筛选NIST谱线库中跃迁概率在106以上的谱线，并优先选择共振线能级差相近的非共振线进行对比分析。结果表明，选择激发能级相近或波长相近的谱线作为分析谱线的原则有一定的局限性。对于Cr和Fe，|ΔE|在0.14和1.51 eV时得到的谱线强度相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为6.7%和4.6%，其谱线强度比理论值和实际值之差分别为1.14和0.59；|Δλ|在11.7和50.8 nm时得到的RSD分别为6.3%和4.4%，其谱线强度比理论值和实际值之差分别为1.69和0.62。分析表明，相比于波长差，激发能级差对Cr/Mn相对波动影响较大。分析元素Cr/Mn与内标元素Fe波长差绝对值不断增大，RSD反而不断减小；在1.50 eV和90 nm较大约束范围内，|ΔE|大的谱线得到的谱线强度比相对波动相对较小，Cr和Fe的RSD最大相差为2.06%；|Δλ|大的谱线得到的谱线强度比相对波动相对较小，Cr和Fe的RSD最大相差为1.35%。由以上实验结果得出，在实际选择分析谱线时，尽量选择激发能级和波长相近的谱线原则有一定的局限性。|ΔE|或|Δλ|大的谱线得到的RSD较小，选择谱线强度比理论值和实际值最接近的谱线可以作为谱线选择依据。另外，选择谱线强度比理论值和实际值最接近的谱线，可以降低谱线强度比相对波动。     

Phonon Interaction Free Energy Between Adatom and Impurity

The change of the phonon contribution to the free energy, ΔF, due to the interaction between an adatom and an impurity substrate atom is calculated by expressing ΔF as a contour integral in the complex-frequency plane and evaluating it directly along a suitably chosen contour numerically. Results are given as a function of the adatomsurface bond force constant, the mass defect of the impurity atom, and the adatomimpurity separation for both a one-dimensional and a three-dimensional simple cubic model substrate.     

单开口膜泡形状转变的研究

基于双层耦合模型,先通过求解无黏附能情况下满足给定边界条件的欧拉-拉格朗日方程组,找到了约化面积差?a稍大于1的内凹开口形状解,并发现以往Umeda和Suezaki(2005 Phys.Rev.E 71 011913)给出的杯形解是对应?a1的另一支解,该支解在?a趋于1时开口是外凸的.进而在无黏附能和有黏附能的情况下对开口膜泡的两支解进行了深入研究,发现在?a=1附近这两支解之间有一个间隙,在该间隙内不存在开口解.随着黏附半径的增大,该间隙的位置较缓慢地向右移动.在?a=1附近,在无黏附能时的闭合形状只有球形一个解,而在有黏附能的情况下,闭合形状在1附近的一个区间内都有解.在无黏附及有黏附情况下的计算结果都表明这两支开口解及闭合形状属于不同的分支,它们之间不能连续演化.在间隙右侧的这一支解随着?a的增大可以通过自交形状连续地演化到开口哑铃形.在有黏附的情况下,在?a参数空间,同一支解会发生折叠,即出现同一?a值对应多个解(形状)的情况,这在以往双层耦合模型的计算中没有出现过.讨论了?a对无黏附和有黏附开口膜泡的形状和能量的影响.     

Influence of the colored noise on determining the period of a torsion pendulum

Based on statistical properties, two typical models are considered to calculate the uncertainties for some random noise sequences on the period extraction of a torsion pendulum, which is important and instructive in the measurement of gravitational constant G with the time-of-swing method. An expression of the uncertainty for the period measurement is obtained, which is dependent on the ratio ?t/(1/λ) where ?t is the interval of the sample time and 1/λ is the length of the correlation time. The result of processing experimental data shows that as the interval of the sample time ?t gradually shortens, the uncertainty of the period becomes smaller, and further when the ratio ?t/(1/λ) is less than 1, the uncertainty remains substantially unchanged.     

星载离轴多光谱相机焦平面的装调与检测

针对某离轴多光谱相机焦平面高精度的装调要求,设计了焦平面组件,阐述了装调、检测的仪器设备和方法。首先将焦平面组件安装至镜头,测量并解算出CCD光敏面的角度和位移偏差,接着根据偏差确定调整垫修研量,进行初次修垫并重新安装,然后利用调整工装微调CCD姿态至满足指标要求,调整垫处打销钉定位,最后根据拟合出的最佳焦平面位置再次修研调整垫,利用销钉复位完成装调工作。检测结果表明,相机的CCD光敏面相对于设计焦平面三维角度偏差分别为Δα=-6.7″,Δβ=1.9',Δγ=13.2″,三维位移偏差分别为Δx=-0.004 mm,Δy=0.006 mm,Δz=-0.070 mm,相机四谱段、全视场MTF优于0.25,满足设计和装调要求。测量和解算误差分析表明,所用的设备与方法能够满足装调精度的要求,可以为此类相机的研制提供一定的技术参考。     

含羟基化合物的17O-NMR化学位移研究

在系统地归纳总结前人对含羟基化合物¹⁷O-NMR化学位移研究成果的基础上，按伯、仲、叔醇，i-R-OH型化合物(i-R表示与羟基直接相连的原子为非链状烷烃碳原子的取代基)及苯酚类等五大类，提出了计算含羟基化合物¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal=δ₀+∑a_iΔδ_i，并通过 线性回归法结合最小二乘法得到15种计算醇和羧酸中羟基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移时采用的取代基参数和23种计算 酚羟基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移时采用的取代基参数，计算结果分别以伯、仲、叔醇、i-R-OH型化合物四类140种化合物和60种酚类在化合物为样本点作回归检验，置信度均为99.5% ，计算误差Δδ小于5(相对误差小于0.5%)的¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值均在90 %以上.      

脂肪胺类化合物氨基15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算脂肪胺类化合物的¹⁵N NMR化学位移的经验公式：δ_cal（¹⁵N）=-380.2+ΣΔα+ΣΔβ+ΣΔγ+ΣΔδ+ΣC,结合最小二乘法通过线性回归得到了11种取代基参数,计算结果以133种化合物的133个¹⁵N NMR化学位移数据为样本点进行回归检验,置信度为99.5 %,约有94.7 %的¹⁵N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于5.0（相对误差小于0.5 %）.     

取代苯甲醚的17O-NMR化学位移研究

提出了计算取代苯甲醚¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的经验公式(1): δ_cal=δ₀+Δo+Δm+Δp，并通过线性回归法结合最小二乘法得到了20种取代基的参数，计算结果以78种化 合物 的101个¹⁷O-NMR化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验，置信度为99.5%，约有90 %的¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差Δδ小于5.0（相对误差小于.5% ）.     

ON THE REACTION MECHANISM AND THE SELECTION RULE IN THE DOUBLE CHARGE EXCHANGE REACTION OF PIONS ON NUCLEI (DCX)-A STUDY OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE 2β-DECAY AND DCX ON jP=O+ NUCLEI

It is shown that in the pion induced double charge exchange reaction on J^p=O⁺→O⁺ nuclei,there exists a possible new reaction mechanism π⁺(Δ⁰,Δ⁺⁺)π^- or π⁺(Δ^-,Δ⁺)π^- in so-called single step process,while that old speculative mechanism π⁺(N,Δ)π^- or π⁺(N,Δ)π^- is firbidden by a well-known selection rule which has been indicated in the theory of the nuclear 2β-decay.     

取代苯乙酮羰基17O-NMR化学位移的研究

提出计算取代苯乙酮羰基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal=550.0+Δo+Δm+Δp,通过线性回归法确定了12种取代基参数.以44种取代苯乙酮为样本点作回归检验表明该公式的置信度为99.5%,计算值与实验值的偏差Δδ在5.0（相对误差约0.5%）以内的羰基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的计算值在90%左右.     

Energy Staggering in Ground Bands of 232Th and 236,238U Nuclei Using the Interacting Vector Boson Model

The ΔI=2 and ΔI=4 staggering parameters of transition energies E_γ for normally deformed positive parity ground bands in ²³²Th and ^236,238U nuclei are studied in framework of the symplectic extension of the interacting vector boson model. The model parameters are obtained from the fitting procedure between the calculated excitation energies and the corresponding experimental ones. The staggering parameters represent the finite difference approximations to higher order derivatives dⁿE_γ/d Iⁿ of the γ -ray transition energies in a ΔI=2 and ΔI=4 bands, which yielding multipoint formulae. The first order derivative (two-point formula) provides us with information about the dynamical moment of inertia. The staggering oscillation for the fourth order derivative (five-point formula) is about 0.5 KeV and is even larger than that in superdeformed bands. The quite similarity in dynamical moments of inertia of the isotopes ^236,238U up to high spin states indicate that the phenomenon of identical bands is not restricted to superdeformed bands.     

催化前驱体亚硝酰硝酸钌中杂质元素的质谱分析

钌催化前驱体是影响负载型钌催化剂催化性能最重要因素。前驱体中的部分杂质会对催化性能产生抑制作用，尤其是S，P，Cl，As等杂质元素含量过高会降低催化剂的活性，严重时会造成催化剂中毒；因此，必须严格控制催化前驱体中杂质元素的含量。建立了快速准确测定催化前驱体亚硝酰硝酸钌（Ru(NO)(NO₃)₃）中杂质元素的分析方法。Ru(NO)(NO₃)₃经稀硝酸溶解后采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱（ICP-MS/MS）直接测定其中的8个杂质元素（P，S，Ti，V，Cr，Mn，Fe，As）。为防止Ru(NO)(NO₃)₃溶液水解形成Ru(NO)(NO₃)x(OH)_3-x，采用稀硝酸介质有效维持了样品溶液的稳定性。在MS/MS模式下，通过一级四极杆质量过滤器（Q₁）控制进入碰撞/反应池（CRC）的离子，仅允许与待测元素具有相同质荷比（m/z）的离子进入CRC，从而将来自样品基质和等离子气Ar所形成的干扰离子阻止在CRC外，消除了大量质谱干扰。通过向CRC内通入O₂为反应气，目标离子P+，S+，Ti+，V+，As+与O₂的反应为放热过程（31P++O₂→31P16O++O，ΔH_r=-3.17 eV；32S++O₂→32S16O++O，ΔH_r=-0.34 eV；48Ti++O₂→48Ti16O++O，ΔH_r=-1.63 eV；51V++O₂→51V16O++O，ΔH_r=-0.85 eV；75As++O₂→75As16O++O，ΔH_r=-0.63 eV），能自发反应生成氧化物离子；目标离子Cr+，Mn+与O₂的反应为吸热过程（52Cr++ O₂→52Cr16O++O，ΔH_r=+1.38 eV；55Mn++O₂→55Mn16O++O，ΔH_r=+2.15 eV）。为促进Cr+，Mn+与O₂发生反应，通过调整CRC的工作参数，设置八极杆偏置电压为较大的负电压，使Cr+和Mn+在与O₂反应前被加速，提高Cr+和Mn+的动能，促进了反应的发生，通过吸热反应生成氧化物离子；而P+，S+，Ti+，V+，Cr+，Mn+，As+干扰离子在CRC内不能与O₂发生反应，仍然保持原始的m/z。通过二级四极杆质量过滤器（Q₂）将这些干扰离子阻止在外，仅允许所形成的氧化物离子进入检测器，几乎完全消除了元素P，S，Ti，V，Cr，Mn，As的所有质谱干扰。NH₃因含一对孤对电子而具有高反应活性，能与很多金属离子反应形成团簇离子。通过向CRC内通入NH₃/He为反应气，目标离子Fe+与NH₃发生质量转移反应，在所形成多个团簇离子中，Fe(NH₃)+₂的丰度最高且无干扰，通过NH₃质量转移法消除干扰。结果显示，8个元素在0～500 μg·L-1范围内具有良好的线性关系，线性相关系数≥0.999 8。方法的检出限为0.29～485 ng·L-1，按所建立的方法分析了实际样品中8个杂质元素的含量，各元素的加标回收率为93.2%～107.5%，相对标准偏差（RSD）≤3.9%。方法具有样品处理简单、分析速度快和精密度高的特点，适合催化前驱体亚硝酰硝酸钌中多个杂质元素的准确测定，为制备负载型钌催化剂提供了质量保障。     

羧酸羧基中17O-NMR化学位移的研究

提出了计算羧酸羧基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal=253.0+Δα+Δβ+Δγ,通过线性回归法确定了17种取代基参数.经回归检验表明该公式计算结果置信度为99.5%,与实验值的偏差Δδ在5.0以内羧酸的羧基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值在95%以上.     

Quark-Meson Bag Model and Hadron Structure

Based on the assumption that quarks (e.g. up, down quarks) couple with σ, ω and π mesons directly, a quark-meson bag model is-proposed. By adjusting the quark effective mass and quark-meson coupling constants, the nucleon, Δ baryon masses and some observables of proton are calculated.     

Effects of nuclear charge fluctuations on dilepton photoproduction

Fluctuations of dilepton production from two photon interactions γγ→l~+l~- are studied in semicentral and peripheral nuclear collisions.Based on the Weizsacker-Williams approach,electromagnetic(EM) fields generated by moving nuclear charges are approximated as quasi-real photons.As fluctuating EM fields in each collision event are hard to be measured directly in experiments due to its short lifetime,we study the dilepton photoproduction with fluctuating EM fields,which are crucial for the EM fields induced chiral and charged particle evolutions,and calculate the relative standard deviation of the dilepton mass spectrum with the event-by-event fluctuating nuclear charge distributions.This fluctuation effect becomes smaller in more peripheral collisions where the shift of proton positions is implicit for EM fields outside the nucleus.The uncertainty of effective impact parameter △b on the standard deviation is also studied,and its effect is around one-third of the effect of nuclear charge fluctuations when △b is taken as～1 fm.     

链状脂肪醚的17O-NMR化学位移研究

按甲基醚、乙基醚、正丙基醚、异丙基醚和叔丁基醚等五大类,提出了计算链状脂肪醚¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δcal =δ0n+Δα+ Δβ+Δγ,并通过线性回归法结合最小二乘法得到29种取代基的参数,计算结果用以上五大类147种化合物的147个¹⁷ O-NMR化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,计算误差Δδ小于5.0（相对误差小于0.5%）的¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值约占90%.     

N-苯基酰胺中羰基17O-NMR化学位移的研究

按照N-苯基乙酰胺、N-苯基苯甲酰胺、N-苯基邻羟基苯甲酰胺和N-苯基氨基甲酸甲酯四类化合物,提出了一个计算这四类化合物羰基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal=δ_0n+C×(Δ_o+Δ_m+Δ_p),通过线性回归法确定了13种取代基参数,经回归检验表明该公式的置信度为99.5%,与实验值的偏差Δδ在3.0以内的羰基₁₇O-NMR化学位移计算值在95%以上.     

取代苯甲酰卤羰基17O-NMR化学位移的研究

按照苯甲酰氯、苯甲酰氟和苯甲酰溴三类化合物,提出了一个计算这三类化合物羰基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal=δ_0n+C×(Δ_o+Δ_m+Δ_p),通过线性回归法确定了13种取代基参数,经回归检验表明该公式的置信度为99.5%,与实验值的偏差Δδ在5.0以内的羰基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值在90%以上.