水体中阴离子表面活性剂的光度法测定

在pH7．00的缓冲溶液中,孔雀绿可以与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(DOSO3Na)形成紫色离子缔合物,在582nm处有最大吸收值。据此建立了分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂DOSO3Na的方法,已用于水体样品的测定。     

Determination of Anionic Surfactant in Fresh Water and in Sea Water

Ion pairs formed from suitable cationic dye and anionic surfactant in water were separated by solvent extraction. The extracts were used subsequently for spectrophotometric determinations. The extraction of ion pairs with various combinations is described. Of the dyes and solvents examined, ethyl violet and p-xylene are the most useful combination as the cationic dye and extraction solvent. The extracts are determined spectrophotometrically at 611.5 nm; the molar absorptivity is 1, 01 × 10⁵ M^?1 cm^?1. The detection limit is 1.4 ppb in water. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive. It can also be applied to the determination of anionic surfactants in sea water.     

搅拌萃取–分光光度法检测水环境中阴离子表面活性剂

建立搅拌萃取–分光光度法快速检测水环境中阴离子表面活性剂的含量。用三氯甲烷以800~1 200 r/min搅拌萃取水样与亚甲蓝溶液合成的活性物质,搅拌时间为2 min,静置分层后经脱脂棉过滤,待测。阴离子表面活性剂质量浓度在0.050~0.500 mg/L范围内与吸光度线性良好,相关系数大于0.999 0,方法检出限为0.010 mg/L。选择饮用水源水、农村地下水、湖泊水、城市河道水作为研究对象,平行检测结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%~6.5%(n=6),加标回收率为91.3%~110%;对标准物质检测结果的相对误差为–2.3%~3.5%,满足实验室分析质量控制要求和现行地表水、地下水质量标准的评价要求。该方法与国标检测方法相比,在准确度、精密度、灵敏度、分析效率及试剂用量方面均有明显优势,具有推广应用价值。     

Structural Effect and Composition of Anionic Copolymer on Protein Flocculation

Flocculation of lysozyme with anionic copolymers of acrylamide, acrylic acid, and sodium styrene sulfonate used as flocculants was performed in pursuit of high flocculation efficiency. Two major factors, pH and ionic strength, are used to investigate the relationship of the flocculation behavior of protein by copolymers and the functional group (–COOH, –NH₂, –SO₃H) compositions of these copolymers. The protein flocculation can be controlled by adjusting pH. In addition, the various copolymers exhibit differing effects on ionic strength induced protein flocculation. FT-Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the mechanism of interaction between protein and copolymer. An attempt was made to understand how the pH and ionic strength change the surface chemical characteristics of protein and copolymers, as well as the relationship between the structure of copolymer and the protein flocculation process.     

Viscosity of Nonionic Polymer/Anionic Surfactant Complexes in Water

The polymer-micelle model, formerly established by Cabane, is revised to develop a new viscosity equation to describe the dependence of dilute solution viscosity on polymer concentration in PEG/SDS aqueous solutions. Two parameters inthe new equation were proposed to characterize the influence of the polymer solution viscosity on the added surfactant. The viscosity data of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were measured by the Ubbelohde dilution viscometer and the new equation proved to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

吸光光度法测定水中微量阴离子表面活性剂

目前用于测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的国标方法是亚甲蓝吸光光度法。该法不仅操作繁琐、准确度差、易受各种共存物的影响 ,而且灵敏度低 ,最低检测浓度仅为 0 .0 5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1,难以满足残留量的测定要求。本文在前人工作的基础上运用Ｃｏ ＰＡＤＡＰ方法进行水中微量阴离子表面活性剂试验 ,最低检测浓度为 0 0 2ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1,干扰物质少 ,准确度和重现良好。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂72 1型分光光度计Ｃｏ ＰＡＤＡＰ的合成 :称取 5 Ｂｒ ＰＡＤＡＰ 1.0 0 ｇ溶于 30ｍｌ盐酸 (2ｍｏｌ·Ｌ- 1)中 ,加入 50 ｇ·Ｌ- 1ＣｏＣｌ2·6Ｈ2 Ｏ…     

CO_2诱导的五嵌段非离子共聚物与阴离子氟碳表面活性剂的相互作用

聚合物-表面活性剂复合物在诸多工业领域都具有重要的应用潜力,但利用CO_2气体调节复合物的相互作用及微观聚集体形貌鲜见报道。本文基于三嵌段共聚物普兰尼克F127制备了五嵌段共聚物聚甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯-block-聚氧化乙烯-block-聚氧化丙烯-block-聚氧化乙烯-block-聚甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯(PDEAEAM-b-F127-b-PDEAEMA)。通过聚合物溶液pH和电导率的变化研究了PDEAEAM-b-F127-b-PDEAEMA的CO_2刺激响应性,应用动态光散射和透射电子显微镜考察了PDEAEAM-b-F127-b-PDEAEMA与阴离子氟碳表面活性剂在CO_2刺激作用下的相互作用。结果表明,CO_2/N_2的交替通入可以使PDEAEAM-b-F127-b-PDEAEMA产生相应的质子化/去质子化过程,从而可逆地改变PDEAEAM-b-F127-b-PDEAEMA溶液的pH值和电导率;质子化/去质子化过程可以"开关"共聚物与阴离子氟碳表面活性剂之间的静电吸引作用,使体系中的聚集体在球形胶束与蠕虫状胶束之间发生可逆转变。CO_2可控的聚合物-表面活性剂复合物的形貌转变为构建气体响应的软材料提供了一种新的思路。     

国标法测定地表水中阴离子表面活性剂方法优化

对GB/T 7494–1987测定地表水中阴离子表面活性剂含量的方法进行优化。对萃取次数、磷酸二氢钠溶液反洗以及pH调节等进行了试验研究,将萃取用的三氯甲烷总量降为25 mL,两次萃取定容后一次反洗。结果表明,萃取两次可以满足分析需求,反洗能够有效去除亚硝酸盐氮等离子干扰,中性地表水样品无需调节pH,非中性样品须调为中性后测定。方法优化后线性良好,线性相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.012 mg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.8%~3.3%(n=6),加标回收率为92.0%~110.0%。优化后方法满足地表水分析要求,能有效降低三氯甲烷用量并简化分析步骤。     

阴离子表面活性剂在水/正烷烃界面的分子动力学模拟(英文)

利用分子动力学模拟方法研究了阴离子表面活性剂在水/正烷烃(壬烷,癸烷和十一碳烷)界面的结构和动力学特点.十六烷基苯磺酸钠作为研究对象,其中苯磺酸基团在十六碳烷的第4号碳原子上,记作4-C16.分析了不同油相和特定盐度条件下正烷烃-表面活性剂-水体系的界面特点(如密度剖面图、界面张力和径向分布函数).模拟结果表明平衡模型体系展现了一个很好的水/正烷烃界面.当加氯化钠到水溶液中,正烷烃-表面活性剂-水体系的界面张力有微小的变化,有趣的是表面活性剂二面角的反式结构分数的变化联系着界面张力的微小变化.可见,表面活性剂在界面处的结构对降低界面张力起到重要的作用.此外,还发现表面活性剂的极性头与钠离子和水分子存在较强的相互作用.     

油田采出液中微量羧酸盐表面活性剂分析方法研究

油田采出液中化学剂浓度的检测是三元复合驱动态评价的重要指标之一。本文针对现场提出的对微量羧酸盐表面活性剂的检测问题,建立了一种用紫外分光光度法测定微量羧酸盐表面活性剂分析的新方法。该法简便、准确快速,线性范围宽,回收率在94.4-103.1%之间,相对标准偏差为1.38%。并根据油田生产的实际情况,探论了碱、聚合物、原油等干扰因素对测定的影响,结果满意。     

Rheological Properties of Anionic Surfactant Solutions in the Presence of Al3+ Counterion

Aqueous solutions of ionic surfactants with strongly binding counterions exhibit wormlike or network properties. The properties of anionic micelles of sodium dodecyltrioxyethylene sulfate (AES) in the presence of multivalent counterion Al³⁺ were investigated by dynamic rheological methods. The steady-shear viscosity and stress, the zero-shear viscosity, the complex viscosity, and the dynamic shear modulus have been determined as a function of the surfactant and salt concentrations. Some interesting and noticeable results have been obtained, which can express the micellar growth and structure. The formation of wormlike micelles or network structure in surfactant solutions becomes much easier with increasing surfactant and salt concentrations. The Cox-Merz rule and the Cole-Cole plot are not applicable perfectly to the systems studied. The nonlinear viscoelasticity and non-Newtonian behavior can be found in all solutions according to the comparison with the simple Maxwell model. The technique of freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM) was also applied to confirm the formation of these interesting structures.     

Partitioning of Selected Anisole and Veratrole Derivatives between Water and Anionic Surfactant Micelles

The UV absorption spectra of six structurally related derivatives of anisole and veratrole, i.e., anisaldehyde, (E)-anethole, estragole, veratraldehyde, methyleugenol and (E)-methylisoeugenol, were recorded at various concentrations of the anionic surfactants, either sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) at T = 298 K. In addition, conductivity and density measurements were made for the SLS and SLES solutions to determine the volumetric properties of the studied surfactants. Next, using the W. Al-Soufi, L. Pińeiro and M. Novo model (APN model) including the pseudo-phase model for micellar solubilization, the values of micelle-water partition coefficients for each perfume-surfactant system were determined. In addition, the relations between the molecular structures of the solute and the head group of the surfactant and the value of the micelle-water partition coefficient as well as the octanol-water one were discussed.     

阴离子表面活性剂在油水界面聚集的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学方法模拟了油、水和阴离子表面活性剂组成的混合溶液从初始“均相”到“油水两相”分离的动力学过程, 研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在界面分离过程中的作用. 模拟发现, 油水两相能够在短时间内分离达到平衡, 形成一个明显的油水界面; 在SDBS存在情况下, 油水界面的分离时间随着SDBS浓度的增加逐渐增加, 达到平衡时SDBS会在界面处形成一个明显的界面膜, 并对油水界面处的水分子有限制作用. 模拟表明, 分子动力学方法可以作为实验的一种补充, 为实验提供必要的微观分子结构信息.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Nanocrystallites by Cationic Surfactant and Anionic Surfactant

1 INTRODUCTION Zirconia is a kind of metallic oxide with high mel- ting point. It is highly corrosion-resistant for acid fu- sant and neutral fusant, thus it can be used as refrac- tory material, and it can also be utilized as acid acy- loxy bi-functional catalystic material owing to hav- ing both acid and alkali surface centers[1]. Moreover, zirconia has superior ion-exchange capacity as well as chemical and mechanical stability, therefore, it can also be applied as a catalyst carrier. …     

新体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

基于增敏剂吐温 - 80存在下亚硝酸根催化过氧化氢氧化中性红的反应 ,建立了测定痕量亚硝酸根的新催化动力学光度法。方法的灵敏度较常规方法提高了 2 .2倍 ,测定的线性范围为 2～ 1 0 μg/L,检出限为 2 .7× 1 0 - 10 g/m L。已用于测定水样中 NO2 - 的含量     

Analysis of the Interactions of Polyvinylpyrrolidone with Conventional Anionic and Dimeric Anionic Surfactant

Classical physical method has been applied in the present study of interaction between water soluble polymer with anionic dimeric and conventional anionic surfactants. Micellization activity of carboxylate-based anionic dimeric (CAD) as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants in the presence of nonionic polymer, that is, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), has been studied through conductometric and surface tensiometric measurements. From these methods the critical aggregation concentrations (CACs), critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), and the effective degree of counterion binding (β) were determined. For the evaluation of behavior of CAD toward the PVP various thermodynamic properties viz. standard Gibbs energy of micellization, standard enthalpy, and entropy of micellization of CAD/PVP mixed system have also been estimated and discussed. The results exhibit that anionic dimeric surfactant interacts strongly with PVP as compared to conventional surfactant.     

异戊二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的阴离子嵌段共聚合

在四氢呋喃（THF）与环己烷的混合溶剂中,以正丁基锂（n-BuLi）为引发剂,采用具有较大空间位阻和特定电荷环境的P配合物为添加剂,实现了异戊二烯（Ip）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的阴离子嵌段共聚。分别采用GPC、^1H—NMR对聚合物的结构进行了分析表征。结果表明：随着THF与环己烷体积比的增大,单体的转化率呈现下降的趋势;同时空间位阻较大的P配合物的加入,堵塞了正、负离子对之间的部分通道,有效地抑制了MMA段聚合副反应的发生,在易于工业化的0℃之下成功合成了分子量分布窄（1．21）的聚异戊二烯一聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物（PI—b—PMMA）,并且共聚物中PI嵌段以3,4结构链节为主。