Nafion—玻碳修饰电极阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量铋的研究

研究并提出在HNO_3-NaCl-硫脲(Tu)体系中,Nafion/玻碳(Gc)修饰电极阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量鉍的方法。表明Tu具络合协同作用,使Nation阳离子交换能力提高。本法检出限为5×10~(-9)mol/L Bi~(3+)(td:5min),电极表面易于再生,文中研究了电极过程机理,计算得[Bi(Tu)_6]~(3+)在Nafion膜中的分配系数(K_D),扩散系数(D)和选择性系数(K_H~[Bi(Tu)_6~+]~(3+))分别为7.57×10~5,5.9×10~(-11)cm~2/s及3.39。     

碳纳米管修饰电极差示脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定腺嘌呤

在HAc NaAc缓冲溶液中,玻碳电极上修饰的少量碳纳米管对腺嘌呤的氧化起增强作用.研究了腺嘌呤在修饰电极上的伏安行为,优化了电氧化的最佳条件,并对其进行含量测定.方法的线性范围为2.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-9mol/L.用于模拟样品中痕量腺嘌呤的测定,结果满意.     

Nafion修饰电极同位镀金膜阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量砷

金膜电极阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量砷已有报道,但铜、锑、铋存在严重干扰。本文采用Nafion修饰电极同位镀金膜阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量砷,大大提高了其选择性,铜、锑、铋分别为砷含量的6倍,3倍和6.5倍以下时,不干扰测定;测定灵敏度也较同位镀金膜电极时高。本法应用于标钢和黄河底泥中砷含量的测定,均获得满意结果。     

电化学法修饰玻璃碳电极及其铜的阳极溶出伏安法测定

在邻苯二酚－甲醛－ＮａＯＨ介质中，于－０．１￣＋１．５Ｖ（ｖｓ，ＳＣＥ）扫描范围内用循环伏安法制作修饰玻璃碳电极。电极可用于水中痕量铜的测定，其灵敏度比未修饰的玻璃碳电极提高３５倍以上，定量下限为０．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

Determination of Mercury by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

The aim of this work is the development of a procedure for the determination of aqueous Hg(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry at a gold nanoparticle‐modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNPs‐GCE). The signal of aqueous Hg(II) was measured in the square wave mode; the effect of potential scan parameters, deposition potential and deposition time on the analytical signal was examined. The supporting electrolyte was 0.06 M HCl. The repeatability, the linearity, the accuracy, the detection limit of the procedure and the interferences of other cations and of anions were evaluated. The performance of the AuNPs‐GCE was compared with those of a solid (SGE) and a film (FGE) gold electrode: the AuNPs‐GCE showed to provide lower detection limits and higher repeatability. The renewable surface permits to eliminate memory effects, to maintain a stable baseline and response, and to avoid frequent mechanical cleaning steps. The applicability of the AuNPs‐GCE for Hg(II) determination in drinking waters, sediments and pharmaceuticals was demonstrated.     

Nafion Coated Silver Amalgam Electrode for Determination of Trace Metals by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

This paper describes characterization and application of Nafion coated solid silver amalgam electrodes to prevent surface fouling of surfactants in determination of trace metals by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Polymer films of different thickness were tested using Nafion solutions in the range 0.25%–1%. Optimum thickness was archived using a 0.5% Nafion solution, resulting in both increased response and stability over time compared to uncoated electrodes. The influence of model surface active macromolecules was studied using triton X‐100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl pyridinium chloride and bovine serum albumin as representatives for surfactants. The resistance to surfactants makes the studied Nafion coated solid silver amalgam electrodes an interesting alternative for practical use in environmental monitoring.     

聚1,8-萘二胺修饰玻碳电极溶出伏安法测定银的研究

采用电化学聚合的方法制备了聚1,8-萘二胺修饰玻碳电极,建立了开路富集-阳极溶出测定痕量Ag~+的方法.优化了各种实验参数(如富集底液的pH,富集时间等),并考察了其它离子的干扰影响.在最佳实验条件下,银在0.0008～0.1 mg·L~(-1)浓度范围内与溶出峰电流成良好的线性关系,检出限为0.0005 mg·L~(-1).该法用于实际水样中痕量银的测定,效果良好.     

金-钯双金属纳米颗粒修饰玻碳电极阳极溶出伏安法测定三价砷的方法研究

研究了金-钯双金属纳米颗粒修饰电极测定痕量砷的阳极溶出伏安法。采用紫外可见分光光度法、高分辨透射电镜及循环伏安法对颗粒的结构和电化学特性进行表征。采用方波伏安法测定三价砷,探讨了富集电位和方波伏安参数如频率、增幅、波幅以及干扰离子等对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明:金-钯双金属纳米颗粒呈壳-核结构;砷在0.30 V出现灵敏的阳极溶出伏安峰,峰电流与砷质量浓度在0.5～20μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.15μg/L;所制备的修饰电极重现性好,可用于三价砷的重复测定。共存离子Cu(Ⅱ)会影响三价砷的测定,而Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)等离子的存在对测定结果无影响。     

Determination of Trace Tin by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at a Carbon Paste Electrode

A sensitive and selective procedure for the determination of trace tin at a carbon paste electrode was described. Each measurement cycle consisted of three steps: accumulation, reduction and stripping. The tin complex with bromopyrogallol red (BPR) was accumulated on the electrode surface in 0.10 mol/L acetate buffer (pH 4.5). After electrochemical reduction of Sn(II) had been carried out, the reoxidation wave of Sn(0) appeared at ?0.69 V (vs. SCE) on scanning the potential in the positive direction in 4.0 mol/L HCl. For a preconcentration time of 2 min, the detection limit was 0.06 μg/L (5×10^?10 mol/L ) and the linear range was from 0.1 to 50 μg/L. The proposed method was applied to the determination of tin in canned food and waste water samples with satisfactory results.     

Nafion汞膜修饰电极用于阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量铋的研究

本文报道了Nafion汞膜修饰电极及其用于阳极溶出伏安法测定未处理尿样,水样及土样中痕量铋的研究。样品中常共存的Pb(Ⅱ)、Sb(Ⅲ )等19种阳离子及尿样中共存的有机物在实验条件下不干扰。本法不仅选择性好,而且灵敏度也较高。线性范围为2×10~(-10)～1×10~(-7)mol/L。回收率为94～105％。     

Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry for Trace Determination of Quinalphos Employing Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A silicon carbide nanoparticle‐coated glassy carbon electrode (SiCNPs‐GCE) was employed for electrochemical determination of Quinalphos (QNP) using different electroanalytical techniques. QNP showed an enhancement in the reduction peak current at SiCNPs modified GCE in pH 7.0 (BR Buffer). The peak current was found to be linear with the QNP concentration in the range from 6.69×10^?9 to 1.34×10^?6 M (r=0.995) with detection limit of 1.34×10^?9 M (S/N=3). The developed sensor (SiCNPs‐GCE) was employed for QNP determination in tap water, lake water, soil, mango as well as in biological samples.     

Ultra-Sensitive Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for the Determination of Xanthine at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

An electrochemical anodic stripping procedure for ultra-trace assay of xanthine in Cu²⁺ solution at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is described. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the nature of the process taking place at the GCE. The anodic stripping response in the presence of Cu²⁺, at 150mV (peak I) and 600mV (peak II), is evaluated with respect to various experimental and instrumental conditions. Voltammetric studies show that the mechanism of the overall reaction is similar to that of the oxidation of purine derivatives at a pyrolytic graphite electrode. It is found that the copper metal deposited onto the GCE was oxidized to Cu⁺ at around –180mV vs. Ag/AgCl and the generated Cu⁺ reacted with xanthine to accumulate on the GCE as an insoluble compound. The Cu⁺-xanthine compound accumulated on the GCE was redissolved by the oxidation of Cu⁺ to Cu²⁺ at ca. 150mV, and the concentration of xanthine in the vicinity of the GCE increased. The results enabled us to use the measurement of the oxidation peak current as the basis of a simple, accurate and rapid method of determining xanthine within a concentration range of 19.9 to 166nM for peak (I) and 0.24 to 17.2µM for peak (II). Promising results were obtained for xanthine determination by using an external mixing step prior to stripping measurements, which yielded a detection limit of 0.138µgL^–1 (9.1×10^–10M) xanthine. The effect of some interferences (e.g. purine compounds, amino acids and some metal ions) was considered.     

铜膜差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定药物中铋的含量

研究了铜膜电极代替汞膜电极测定重金属铋的差分脉冲溶出伏安法。实验了同位镀膜法测定铋的条件。在最佳实验条件下,Bi3+浓度在5×10-8~2×10-5mol/L范围内,其溶出峰峰高与浓度呈线性关系,检出限达到1×10-8mol/L。测定了一些药物中铋的含量,结果准确。     

邻苯三酚红修饰碳糊电极吸附伏安法测定痕量铋

报道了采用邻苯三酚红修饰碳糊电极测定痕量铋的方法。在０．３０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ溶液中,于－０．１０Ｖ搅拌富集３ｍｉｎ,然后在－０．３５Ｖ静止还原６０ｓ,再进行阳极化扫描,在－０．１０Ｖ左右获得灵敏的铋溶出峰,二次导数民流与铋浓度在１．０＊１０＾－９－６．０＊１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系,同限为５＊１０＾－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对电极反应机理进行了讨论。     

溴邻苯三酚红修饰碳糊电极吸附伏安法测定痕量锑

研制了溴邻苯三酚红(BPR)作修饰剂的碳糊修饰电极,并采用所制备的电极做工作电极建立了测定锑的方法。测定了电活性络合物的组成,并探讨了电极反应机理。该方法已用于锌电解液中痕量锑的测定,结果满意,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L。     

槲皮素化学修饰碳糊电极吸附溶出伏安法测定痕量铅

建立了用槲皮素修饰碳糊电极测定痕量铅的新方法 ,在 0 .1 0mol L甲酸盐缓冲液 (pH 4.3 )中 ,于 -0 .1 0V(vs.SCE)搅拌富集 ,再在 -0 .70V静止还原 40s后 ,阳极化扫描 ,于 -0 .42V左右获得一灵敏的铅阳极溶出峰。在最佳条件下 ,富集不同时间 ,其二次导数峰电流与Pb2 + 在 1 .0× 1 0 - 8～ 8.0× 1 0 - 7mol L和 2 .0× 1 0 - 9～ 6.0× 1 0 - 8mol L两个范围内呈线性关系 ,检出限为 8.0× 1 0 - 1 0 mol L(S N =3 )。同时初步探讨了电极反应机理。     

Determination of Phosphate by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

The oxidation of Fe(II) in the presence of phosphate results in a film of a sparingly soluble Fe(III) phosphate salt on a glassy carbon electrode. The reaction is used as the preconcentration step in a cathodic stripping method for phosphate. The recommended procedure yields working curves which are linear over single orders-of-magnitude down to 0.1 ppm, With a 40-minute preconcentration time, 40 ppb phosphate can be detected. The method is free of interference by chloride and sulfate.     

碳纤维束汞膜电极二次微分阳极溶出伏安法测定锌中微量铅

本文提出了碳纤维束汞膜电极二次微分阳极溶出伏安法测定锌中微量铅的方法，对溶解氧，扫描速度，电极清洗时间，富集电位和时间及酸度的影响作了讨论。方法的线性范围为１．９－８０μｇ／Ｌ；检测下限达到１．９μｇ／Ｌ；对国家保证参考物质锌样中铅的测定，相对标准偏差和相对误差分别为２．６％和０．６５％，结果令人满意。     

酸性铬蓝K固体石蜡碳糊修饰电极溶出伏安法测定痕量铅

在pH为8．5,0．2mol/L氨性缓冲底液中,以酸性铬蓝K（ACBK）为修饰剂,固体石蜡为粘合剂,制备了ACBK修饰碳糊电极。Pb2+以Pb-ACBK络合物的形式吸附在电极上,在-1．0V电位下电解,以阳极溶出伏安法测定Ph2+,在0．11V（vs.SCE）处有灵敏的氧化峰,其一次微分峰电流与Pb2+浓度在1．0×10-11～1．0×10-5mol/L范围内的对数呈良好的线性关系。此法的检测限为5．0×10-12mol/L。     

Application of a Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrode in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Determination of Trace Amounts of 6-Benzylaminopurine

Carbon nanotubes were modified on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GC) and initially applied in semi-derivative anode stripping voltammetry for the determination of 6-benzylaminopurine. The experiments demonstrated that the presence of the carbon nanotube greatly increased the current of the oxidation peak of benzylaminopurine. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and semi-derivative voltammetry were used in a comparative investigation into the electrochemical oxidation of benzylaminopurine with the modified electrode. Studies on the effect of pH on the peak current and potential were carried out over the pH range of 9.013.0 with the NH₃–NH₄Cl buffer solution. A pH of 10.0 was chosen as the optimum pH. Other experimental parameters, such as film thickness, accumulation potential, temperature etc. were optimized. The anodic peak current was found to be linearly related to the concentration of benzylaminopurine over the range of 4.0×10^–8 to 1.0×10^–5mol·L^–1 with a detection limit of 5.0×10^–9mol·L^–1 in an accumulation time of 5min. Interferences of some inorganic and organic species on the response have been studied.