分子生物色谱用于中药活性成分筛选及质量控制方法的研究

报道了近期工作进展,首先阐述了分子生物色谱的基本原理及特点,然后介绍了分子生物色谱对多种中药、不同产地的同种中药活性成分谱图模式的比较,结合已有的工作对活性成分筛选方法、相互作用研究、质量控制方法发展做了细致的说明,并讨论了其发展方向及前景。     

中药分析新思路及其质量控制

随着国家对中药现代化的重视,为了更好地诠释中药药性的本质,研究者从不同角度对中药进行研究。分析化学、药学、生物学等多学科的多种不同的技术在这里融合,一些新的思路和方法正在不断涌现,中药的分析与质量控制正沿着综合且全面的方向在不断地发展和前进。该文对当前中药分析新思路及其质量控制进行了简要评述,在此基础上,对中药质量控制的色谱指纹图谱进行了分类说明与研究,表明采用现代分析手段,可以实现对中药质量的有效控制。     

A capsule review of recent studies on the application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese medicinal herbs

Chinese herbal medicine is gaining increasing popularity worldwide as an alternative approach to the development of pharmaceuticals in therapeutic applications. Chemical characterization and compositional analysis of Chinese medicines provide the necessary scientific basis for the discovery and development of new drugs of natural origin. Applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines have been growing rapidly in recent years owing to the rapid technical advances and increasing availability of the instrumentation. This paper reviews the current status of how different mass spectrometric techniques are being used to support research studies of Chinese medicines. The focus is on crude herbal medicines and their derived products. The review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather to provide a general overview of the various research activities in this rapidly expanding field. In the discussion of specific herbs, the emphasis is placed on ginseng and Danshen, two of the herbs for which active experimental work is on-going in the authors' laboratories. Other selected herbs will be discussed only briefly, aiming primarily to illustrate the current status of research in the area.     

Determination of Mineral Elements in Five Traditional Chinese Medicines by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Spectrometry with Three Different Sample Digestion Methods

It has been widely recognized that many mineral elements in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) contribute to their therapeutic effects. The accurate determination of mineral elements in medicines obviously depends on the sample preparation as well as the sensitivity of the technique used for the analysis.     

Multi‐component determination and chemometric analysis of Paris polyphylla by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection

Multi‐source analysis of traditional Chinese medicine is key to ensuring its safety and efficacy. Compared with traditional experimental differentiation, chemometric analysis is a simpler strategy to identify traditional Chinese medicines. Multi‐component analysis plays an increasingly vital role in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. A novel strategy, based on chemometric analysis and quantitative analysis of multiple components, was proposed to easily and effectively control the quality of traditional Chinese medicines such as Chonglou. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography was more convenient and efficient. Five species of Chonglou were distinguished by chemometric analysis and nine saponins, including Chonglou saponins I, II, V, VI, VII, D, and H, as well as dioscin and gracillin, were determined in 18 min. The method is feasible and credible, and enables to improve quality control of traditional Chinese medicines and natural products.     

毛细管电泳安培检测法在中草药分析中的应用

由于毛细管电泳安培检测法(CE-AD)具有高的分离效率和低的检测限的优势,现已在分析科学的各个领域,特别是在药物行业中得到广泛应用。中草药的研究在我国医药事业中占有重要的地位,采用CE-AD分离并检测中草药中有效成分对于促进中草药的药理药效研究及中草药的定量分析和质量监测等有重要意义。本文综述了CE-AD在中草药及中药复方制剂中有效成分分析中的应用,评述了该法与其他分离分析方法相比在中草药分析中的优越性,并对CE-AD在中草药分析中的发展进行了展望。     

调节三高类中成药和保健食品中非法添加化学药物及其检测研究进展

高血糖、高血压、高血脂统称为“三高症”,现在已经成为威胁人们身体健康的常见疾病.具有调节“三高症”作用的保健食品和中成药越来越频繁地应用于此类疾病的日常预防及治疗.然而有不法分子为谋取利益,向其中违规添加化学药物,对患者造成安全隐患.针对调节“三高症”的中成药和保健食品中非法添加化学药物的种类进行了总结,并对此类非法添加药物的国家标准补充检验方法及其他学者的检测分析方法研究情况进行了综述,最后根据目前非法添加现状分析了进一步的研究方向,以期为非法添加检测工作提供参考.     

高效液相色谱法分析中药及植物药的进展

近来中药及植物药在全世界范围内受到人们的普遍重视,建立了许多分离测定中药及植物药中活性组分的分析方法。综述了高效液相色谱法（HPM）分析中药及植物药方面的进展,此外还就中药HPLC分析中色谱技术方面的进展进行了讨论。     

中药配伍的统一分析方法研究 Ⅱ.拟合定量

 配伍过程中物质组分的浓度变化需要进行定量 ,但复方中大量的重叠色谱峰影响定量的准确性。而在色谱理论基础上发展起来的拟合定量技术 ,可以对重叠色谱峰进行拟合定量。在统一分离和复方中单味药的特征物质组分得到识别的基础上 ,以黄芪、当归用量变化时 ,复方“当归补血汤”中黄芪、当归的特征物质组分的拟合定量为实例 ,介绍了中药配伍过程中定量的手段和研究方法     

中药多糖成分前处理及检测方法研究进展

多糖是中药的重要活性成分之一,具有降血脂、降血糖、增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗凝血、抗炎症、抗衰老等活性。该类物质具有极性强、分子量大、结构难确证等特点,成为中药多糖新药开发的瓶颈。该文综述了近10年关于中药多糖成分的前处理及检测方法,以期为中药多糖定性定量分析,质量控制的提高,多糖药物深度开发和中药物质基础的全面研究提供参考。     

Application of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in the separation of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicines have been widely used to prevent and cure diseases for thousands of years. For the purpose of better understanding the extremely complicated traditional Chinese medicines, powerful separation techniques are essential. Two‐dimensional liquid chromatography has been proven to be more powerful for the separation of complex traditional Chinese medicines due to its enhanced peak capacity and resolution compared with one‐dimensional liquid chromatography. Enormous efforts have been made on the coupling of independent separation mechanisms to improve the resolving power for complex traditional Chinese medicine samples, including the development and introduction of novel stationary phases. This review aims to give an overview on the applications of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in traditional Chinese medicine research since 2008, including comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, heart‐cutting two‐dimensional liquid chromatography both in on‐line, and off‐line mode. Different couplings of separation modes were respectively discussed based on specific studies, with emphasis on the applications of novel stationary phases in the two‐dimensional liquid chromatography.     

中药微量元素的主成分分析

基于主成分分析的方法,研究了中药的相似性。主成分综合得分越近,中药就越相似。     

免疫分析技术在农药残留分析中的研究进展及在中药中的应用展望

中药材的农药残留问题一直是人们关注的重点,免疫分析技术作为一项特异性强、灵敏度高的快速分析检测技术,在实现中药材农药残留快速筛查方面发挥着重要作用.该文结合近年免疫分析相关研究进展,对不同的免疫分析技术在中药农药残留分析方面的应用、技术优势以及局限性进行总结分析,并对免疫分析技术的发展前景进行了展望,对免疫分析技术在农...     

中药近红外光谱的褶合变换与信息可视化技术

运用褶合变换挖掘近红外光谱的特征信息并通过计算可视化技术获取相应指纹谱的表征，建立一种采用信息变换和计算机技术结合分析中药近红外光谱的新方法。应用该技术鉴别丹参、板蓝根和蛇床子药材，所得分类结果与传统植物分类学结果一致。说明科学计算可视化技术与褶合变换相结合可以拓展近红外光谱在中药定性分析中的应用。     

An on-membrane quantitative analysis system for glycyrrhizin in licorice roots and traditional Chinese medicines

An on-membrane quantitative analysis system has been developed for determining glycyrrhizin (GC) in licorice roots and traditional Chinese medicines. A GC standard and the extracts of licorice roots and traditional Chinese medicines were applied to a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and were developed by acetonitrile/water/formic acid (45:55:2, by volume), then treated with a NaIO₄ solution followed by bovine serum albumin (BSA), resulting in a GC-BSA conjugate on a PES membrane. Anti-GC monoclonal antibody was bound and then a second antibody labeled with peroxidase directed against the first antibody. Finally a substrate reacted with the enzyme and gave staining. The stained membrane was scanned and coloring spots were analyzed quantitatively using graphic analysis by NIH Image software, indicating at least 0.5 μg of GC was clearly detectable. GC can be analyzed quantitatively between 1.0 and 8.0 μg.     

补益中药的抗癌作用与有机锗

有机锗广泛存在于某些中药中，某些补益中药所含有机锗对抗癌有积极意义，为人们辨病选药提供了相应依据，用补益中益治疗肝癌收到良好效果。重点讨论了补益中药所含有机锗的抗癌作用机理。     

Quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines based on fingerprinting

The usage of traditional Chinese medicines has expanded globally, but the data about authentication, efficacy, and safety is far from sufficient to meet the criteria supporting their use worldwide due to complexity in the composition. Fingerprinting describes integral characterization and reflects interactive aspects of complex components; therefore, it can offer the possibility of evaluating quality of traditional Chinese medicines following the overall principle. Chemometric techniques introduce multivariate analytical methods into fingerprinting to obtain more information that is useful, which is consistent with the holistic thought and plays an important role in research on the substantial basis. In this review, we will start with three aspects to expound the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines based on fingerprints. The analytical techniques used in developing fingerprints including chromatographic methods, spectroscopic methods, and capillary electrophoresis are introduced. Strategies for fingerprints analysis usually based on chemometric methods including unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition are described. Applications of fingerprints for multi‐component quantification, quality control, screening of bioactive components, and fingerprint‐efficacy relationship study are also outlined. Finally, we propose challenges and future perspectives of fingerprints in quality evaluation to promote the development of modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines.     

中成药中微量砷和汞的微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定

介绍了一种用于测定中成药中微量砷（As)和汞（Ag)元素的方法－微波消解－氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法。讨论了仪器的工作参数、实验条件、共存元素对分析结果的干扰;同时,通过加标回收试验,对该法进行了验证。实验结果表明,该法具有快速、简便、准确等特点,适用于实验室常规分析。     

典型中成药中Cu~(2+)的可视化数值分析法

中药的现代化对中药材及其制剂中重金属的质量控制提出更高要求.本文以Cu2+测定为例,通过测定颜色变化建立了中成药中重金属离子可视化数值分析方法.研究发现,在生理条件下,Cu2+与氨基黑10B可发生氧化还原反应,溶液颜色由蓝色逐渐变为桃红色.通过计算机常规软件Image-Pro Plus6.0获取溶液颜色变化过程中的红绿蓝三原色(R,G,B)数值,发现单位像素内R值的增加与溶液中8.33×10-8～1.33×10-6mol/L范围内的Cu2+具有良好的线性关系.该法可应用于典型中成药补中益气丸、安神胶囊、健胃消食片等药品中Cu2+的检测.     

中药配伍的统一分析方法研究Ⅰ.单味药与复方的分离、特征组分的识别以及指纹对比

 中药配伍是传统中药理论之一 ,其物质分析是中药基础理论现代化研究的重点。中药配伍的特点是物质组分复杂、多变和整体性强 ,因此单一或少量组分的分析结果很难表征药物的性质。采用反相液相色谱模式 ,以黄芪、当归以及自制的“当归补血汤”的分离、特征组分识别以及指纹对比的实例分析 ,介绍了中药配伍分析的多模式多柱色谱系统以及统一分析方法的研究思路。