Intraband Dynamics and Terahertz Emission in Biased GaAs/In0.53Ga0.47As Semiconductor Superlattices

Using an excitonic basis, we investigate the intraband polarization, opticalabsorption spectra, and terahertz emission of semiconductor superlattice withthe density matrix theory. The excitonic Bloch oscillation is driven by the dcand ac electric fields. The slow variation in the intraband polarizationdepends on the ac electric field frequency. The intraband polarizationincreases when the ac electric field frequency is below the Bloch frequency.When the ac electric field frequency is above the Bloch frequency, theintraband polarization downwards and its intensity decreases. The satellitestructures in the optical absorption spectra are presented. Due to excitonicdynamic localization, the emission lines of terahertz shift in different acelectric field and dc electric field.     

Anharmonic Bloch Oscillation of Electrons in Biased Superlattices

The oscillatory motion of electrons in a periodic potential under a constant applied electric field, known as Bloch oscillations (BO), is one of the most striking and intriguing quantum effects and was predicted more than eighty years ago. Oscillating electrons emit electromagnetic radiation and here we consider this BO effect for emission in the THz region. To date, it has been assumed that the Bloch oscillation of an electron is anharmonic oscillation, therefore with radiation emitted at the single Bloch frequency. We analyze scenarios when Bloch oscillations can be accompanied by the emission of radiation not only at the Bloch frequency but also with double and triple Bloch frequencies. The first scenario means that electrons could jump over neighboring Stark states. The second scenario of anharmonic emission is coupled to an opening of the minigap in the miniband.     

Electronic Bloch oscillation in a pristine monolayer graphene

In a pristine monolayer graphene subjected to a constant electric field along the layer, the Bloch oscillation of an electron is studied in a simple and efficient way. By using the electronic dispersion relation, the formula of a semi-classical velocity is derived analytically, and then many aspects of Bloch oscillation, such as its frequency, amplitude, as well as the direction of the oscillation, are investigated. It is interesting to find that the electric field affects the component of motion, which is non-collinear with electric field, and leads the particle to be accelerated or oscillated in another component.     

Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark ladder in the coupled LC circuits

We present a new scheme for realizing Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark ladder based on a lattice of coupled LC circuits. By converting the second order dynamical ODEs of the system into a first order Schrödinger-like equation, we propose an equivalent tight binding Hamiltonian to describe the circuit. We show that a synthesized electric field is produced by introducing a frequency mismatch into the resonant frequency of the adjacent LC resonators. The Wannier-Stark modes are the normal modes of the circuit and the Bloch oscillations can be observed in a coupled LC lattice. By addition of coupling capacitors between nodes of the circuit, we study the Bloch oscillation in the presence of long-range couplings. We also show that the circuit converts to a transmission line simulating synthetic electric fields in the continuum limit. The coupled LC circuit is, in some sense, amongst the simplest physical systems exhibiting Bloch oscillation and Wannier-Stark Ladder.     

Dispersive terahertz gain of a nonclassical oscillator: BLOCH oscillation in semiconductor superlattices

We have directly determined the spectral shape of the complex conductivities of Bloch oscillating electrons by using the time-domain terahertz (THz) electro-optic sampling technique, and presented experimental evidence for a dispersive Bloch gain in superlattices. This unique dispersive gain without population inversion arises from a nonclassical nature of Bloch oscillations; that is, the phase of the Bloch oscillation is shifted by pi/2 from that of the semiclassical charged harmonic oscillation when driven by the same ac field. By increasing the bias electric field, the gain bandwidth reached approximately 3 THz in our particular sample.     

DNA-based tunable THz oscillator

The intrinsic helix conformation of the DNA strands is known to be the key ingredient of control of the electric current through the molecule by the perpendicular (gate) electric field. We show theoretically that Bloch oscillations in periodic systems with helical conformation are also strongly affected by such lateral field; the oscillation frequency splits into a manifold of several generally non-commensurate frequencies leading to a complicated pattern of the charge motion. For model parameters typical for the DNA the frequency of such oscillations falls in the THz domain, suggesting a possibility to design a DNA-based nano-scale source of THz radiation.     

太赫兹场和倾斜磁场对超晶格电子动力学特性调控规律研究

微带超晶格在磁场和太赫兹场调控下表现出丰富而复杂的动力学行为, 研究微带电子在外场作用下的输运性质对于太赫兹器件设计与研制具有重要意义. 本文采用准经典的运动方程描述了超晶格微带电子在沿超晶格生长方向(z方向)的THz场和相对于z轴倾斜的磁场共同作用下的非线性动力学特性. 研究表明, 在太赫兹场和倾斜磁场共同作用下, 超晶格微带电子随时间的演化表现出周期和混沌等新奇的运动状态. 采用庞加莱分支图详细研究了微带电子在磁场和太赫兹场调控下的运动规律, 给出了电子运行于周期和混沌运动状态的参数区间. 在电场和磁场作用下, 微带电子将产生布洛赫振荡和回旋振荡, 形成复杂的协同耦合振荡. 太赫兹场与这些协同振荡模式之间的相互作用是导致电子表现出周期态、混沌态以及倍周期分叉等现象的主要原因.     

Carrier dynamics and dispersive terahertz Bloch gain in semiconductor superlattices

We have directly determined the spectral shape of the complex conductivities of Bloch oscillating electrons by using time-domain terahertz (THz)-electrooptic sampling technique and presented an experimental evidence for a dispersive Bloch gain in superlattices. This unique dispersive gain without population inversion arises from a non-classical nature of Bloch oscillations; i.e., the phase of the Bloch oscillation is shifted by π/2 from that of the semi-classical charged harmonic oscillation when driven by the same AC field. By increasing the bias electric field, the gain bandwidth reached in our particular sample.     

方波电场驱动下的Rabi振荡

研究了方波电场驱动下的双Bloch带的紧束缚模型.借助Fourier分析,得到了在弱耦合极限下Rabi振荡及Rabi频率的解析解;这些结果均由电子的数值演化所证实.     

Quasi-energy spectrum of multiband superlattices in dc-ac electric fields

The dynamics of Bloch electrons moving in a two-band superlattice driven by a dc-ac electric field is investigated. We show rigorously that (i) when the matching ratio between the Bloch frequency and the ac frequency is an integer, the spectrum is that of two quasi-energy bands; (ii) when the matching ratio is a rational, the spectrum is two interspaced fractional Wannier-Stark ladders; and (iii) each of these fractional ladders has an energy dispersion due to the interband coupling. We illustrate our findings by explicit calculations of the spectrum in the high-frequency case, and show how the energy dispersion is tuned by the ac field strength and how band collapse occurs.     

Intraband coherence of Bloch oscillations after momentum scattering

Resonantly excited secondary emission of light (RSE) in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices gives a direct proof for the stability of coherent Bloch dynamics beyond the optical coherent regime. The polarization analysis of the RSE signal confirms its nonlinear origin resulting from coherent intraband density dynamics. It is shown that the intraband coherence of Bloch oscillations (BO) persists after momentum scattering of the photoexcited states. A variation of emission angle and excitation density allows to distinguish two momentum scattering processes contributing to the RSE. A static disorder mediated contribution is restricted to directions near the reflection direction. A further contribution of carrier induced momentum scattering is resolved in directions well separated from diffraction directions. The dependence of the RSE as a function of an external electric field demonstrates an enhancement of momentum scattering with increasing field. PACS 78.47.+p; 63.20Kr; 71.35.-y.     

Theory of electronic light scattering in lateral superlattices with Rashba spin–orbit coupling under quantizing electric and magnetic fields

The influence of an in-plane electric and out-of-plane magnetic field on the electronic light scattering is calculated for a lateral semiconductor superlattice within Rashba spin–orbit interaction. Sharp resonances are predicted to appear when the Raman shift matches one frequency of the Wannier–Stark ladder. The spin–orbit interaction gives rise to a dispersion of the exact one-particle eigenstates and an associated finite width of the Raman line, which can be tuned by the electric and magnetic field. When the Bloch frequency is located in this Raman line, a Fano resonance is observed.     

Electron motion in a Holstein molecular chain in an electric field

A charge motion in an electric field in a Holstein molecular chain is modeled in the absence of dissipation. It is shown that in a weak electric field a Holstein polaron moves uniformly experiencing small oscillations of its shape. These oscillations are associated with the chain’s discreteness and caused by the presence of Peierls-Nabarro potential there. The critical value of the electric field intensity at which the moving polaron starts oscillating at Bloch frequency is found. It is shown that the polaron can demonstrate Bloch oscillations retaining its shape. It is also shown that a breathing mode of Bloch oscillations can arise. In all cases the polaron motion along the chain is infinite.     

Super Bloch oscillations in the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model

Recently, polarons in the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model under DC electric fields were established to perform Bloch oscillations, provided the charge-lattice coupling is not large. In this work, we study this model when the charge is subjected to an applied field with both DC and AC components. Similarly to what happens in the rigid lattice, we find that the carrier undergoes a directed motion or coherent oscillations when the AC field is resonant or detuned with respect to the Bloch frequency, respectively. The electric density current and its Fourier spectrum are also studied to reveal the frequencies involved in the polaron dynamics.     

On the existence and detection of Bloch oscillations in superlattices

While many predicted superlattice behaviors depend on the presence of Bloch oscillations, the existence of such oscillations remains problematical. Here, we consider procedures by which their existence within a superlattice could be detected. We first set upper and lower bounds on the necessary fields. We then demonstrate that while a negative differential mobility is expected, no resonant peak occurs in this mobility at the Bloch frequency. However, we provide two ways of directly observing Bloch oscillations. In the first, we note the existence of structures in the dc velocity-field characteristic when an externally applied RF field has a frequency which is harmonically related to the Bloch frequency. The second approach is to measure the velocity fluctuation noise spectra, which should have a peak at the field-tunable Bloch frequency.     

Theory of space-charge waves in semiconductors with negative differential conductivity

Phenomena that accompany optical excitation of eigenmodes of electron gas oscillation in semiconductors with an N-shaped current-voltage (I-U) characteristic in a strong electric field are investigated theoretically. The dependence of the current flowing through a sample on the oscillation frequency of the interference pattern of light illuminating the sample is analyzed. Nonsteady-state and nonuniform illumination produces an internal electric field, which interacts resonantly with the eigenmodes when the oscillation frequency of the interference pattern coincides with an eigenfrequency of electronic gas oscillation. As the maximum of the I-U curve is approached, the interaction becomes nonlinear in character.     

阻尼Bloch振荡和负微分电导现象的简单理论分析

用能带理论分析一维超晶格电子在直流外场作用下的阻尼运动，对Ｂｌｏｃｈ振荡和负微分电导现象给出清楚的物理图象，并通过数值解得到有阻尼时振荡频率随外场增加而趋近于Ｂｌｏｃｈ频率的一般规律。     

复合场下优化产生粒子对能量分布宽度的特性研究

采用计算量子场论的方法,对振荡场加稳恒场的组合外场下真空中正反粒子对的产生特性进行了研究.通过一系列的对比得到当振荡场的宽度减小时,一方面可增加正反粒子对的产生量,另一方面也可减小正反粒子对的能量分布宽度从而得到能量单一性更好的粒子对.同时,通过分析产生量、能量分布宽度与振荡场宽度的关系可得出,仅在一定范围内减小振荡场的宽度可使能量分布更加集中,则能量分布宽度趋于某个极限值.因此,要得到产生量多且能量分布集中的正反粒子对应选择合适的参数,这可为今后的实验设计提供数据参考.     

1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器自旋反转模型中关键参量数值的实验确定

自旋反转模型是目前用于分析垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSELs)非线性动力学特性最常用的理论模型,因此该模型中相关参量的取值至关重要.本文基于对自由运行和平行光注入时1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器(1550 nm-VCSELs)输出特性的实验测量结果,对描述1550 nm-VCSELs特性的SFM中光场衰减速率k、总载流子衰减速率γN、线宽增强因子α,有源介质双折射速率γp、自旋反转速率γs、有源介质线性色散速率γa等关键参量进行了估值.在此基础上,利用所测得的这些关键参量的数值,仿真了1550 nm-VCSELs的相关输出特性,所得结果与实验结果符合.     

Theory of gain and mode locking in free-running class-B lasers with simultaneous oscillation of three longitudinal modes

The operation of a three-mode laser with a homogeneous broad bandwidth is modeled as three different harmonic oscillators coupled to each other by the usual Maxwell–Bloch equations. The main aim is to extend and compare the laser variables when it moves from a single to a three-mode state. A multi-component model for the cavity electric field and the atomic population inversion is introduced to describe the simultaneous oscillation of the laser central and adjacent modes. The phase relations and the frequency shifts of these components in mode-locking conditions are determined. We also investigate the effect of the laser pumping rate and the mode frequency separation on the amplification of modes. Finally, the amplification gains of all three modes are calculated and their agreement with the energy conservation law is demonstrated.