σ-ω Mixing for the Collective Excitation Spectra of σ, ω Mesons in Nuclear Matter

We study σ-ω mixing on the σ and ω propagators in two ways. The collective excitation spectra of σ,ω mesons are calculated by using these propagators. We find that the two ways of σ-ω mixing give very similar collective excitation spectra in the time-like region.     

Antiparticle Excitation Effect in the Relativistic Spin-Isospin-Dependent Response Function of Nucleus

The spin-isospin-dependent response function of nucleus is studied in the relativistic formalism. Besides the well-known relativistic particlehole and A-hole excitations, the antiparticle excitations such as nucleon-antinucleon, nucleon-antidelta, antinucleon-delta excitations are also taken into account in the calculation of the response function, and the effect of the antiparticle excitation is emphasized. The antiparticle excitation enhances the response function and its effect to the response function is largely determined by the cutoff parameter which is introduced by the need of the renormalization. The position of the peak of the A-hole resonance is mainly dominated by short range correlation Landau-Migdal parameter g', and we find g' is about 0.6. The effect of two-nucleon absorption and projectiletarget form factor are also studied.     

Study of the Binding Energy of Relativistic Nuclear Matter in the Relativistic σ-ω-π Model

A relativistic σ-ω-π model is proposed to calculate the binding energy of relativistic nuclear matter. We put emphasis on the relativistic particle-hole, delta-hole excitation of pion propagator in nuclear matter. The renormalization of the nucleon self-energy in nuclear matter is made for the pseudo-vector πNN and πNΔ couplings by introducing corresponding form factor and by dispersion relation. We find that the density dependence correction to meson-NN coupling constants is very important to saturate the binding energy of nuclear matter. The density dependence correction to πNN and πNΔ coupling constants has the effect of softening the EOS of nuclear matter.     

液氦表面准一维电子气体的集体激发

采用子能带模型,研究了有限温度情况下能带耦合对形成于液氦表面的准一维电子气体的集体激发的两类散射———带内散射和带间散射的影响。首先重点讨论了影响集体激发的重要因子———能量传播函数,得到了长波近似条件下的能量传播函数的普适表达式,然后在此基础上具体计算了三个子能带模型时的耦合散射谱,最后讨论了波矢、温度对耦合散射的影响。     

Dy~(3+):ThO_2的选择激发光谱和能级结构

本文首次用熔融法生长了Dy3 + :ThO2 晶体 ,详细研究了其光谱特性。通过 12K下格位选择激发下的发射光谱测量 ,利用晶场理论 ,确定了Dy3 + 在ThO2 中的格位对称性为C3v。列表给出了Dy3 + :ThO2 的晶场能级结构。测量和讨论了 4 F9/ 2 能级的寿命。     

Collective Excitations and Nonlinear Dynamics of 1D BEC with Two- and Three-body Interactions in Anharmonic Traps

The collective excitations of low-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with two- and three-body interactions in anharmonic potentials are investigated. Using the standard variational approach, the governing equations of motions for the low-energy excitations are obtained by solving time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii-Ginzburg equation, and the excitation spectrums are calculated in small amplitude limit. The frequency shift and nonlinear mode coupling induced by the anharmonic distortion (adding cubic, quartic, or quintic term to a harmonic trap) are studied.     

pH值对秸秆腐殖化溶解性有机质紫外光谱和荧光光谱的影响

秸秆是农业生产的主要副产物,也是农业面源污染的新源头。秸秆还田能有效解决其减量化和资源化利用问题,国家“十二五”规划已明确提出“加大秸秆还田力度,保障农业的稳产、增产和可持续发展”。现阶段,对于典型地区不同环境条件下还田秸秆腐殖化行为的研究不多,同时对于腐殖化组分的精细化检测和分析也有待加强。针对黄土区秸秆还田问题,以紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法为切入点,分析pH值对腐殖化产物溶解性有机质(Dissolved organic matter, DOM) 性质的影响,深度揭示秸秆腐殖化过程的内在本质。结果表明：在200～700 nm波长范围内,DOM的紫外吸收强度先增加后减小,主要吸收峰出现于240 nm附近。相对于中性(pH 7)体系,酸性(pH 6)和碱性 (pH 8和9) 条件下的最大吸收波长λ_max值红移。SUVA₂₅₄,E₃/E₄和A₂₅₃/A₂₀₃比值的规律性变化说明反应体系腐殖化程度较低,这与秸秆腐殖化周期较短有关。黄土浸提液DOM的荧光峰主要位于λ_ex/em=250/330和λ_ex/em=325/450区域,分别归属为紫外区类富里酸荧光峰和可见光区类富里酸和腐殖酸类物质荧光峰。随着腐殖化体系pH值的升高,荧光峰位发生红移,表明DOM苯环结构逐渐增多,共轭度有所增加,同时在λ_ex/em=250/450附近检测到新荧光峰。pH值对荧光强度的影响主要体现在紫外区类富里酸荧光峰,峰强先升高后下降,而对可见光区荧光峰强影响不大,这与浸提液的缓冲效应、荧光猝灭(或副反应)和DOM组分结构有关。紫外光谱和荧光光谱能够一定程度上阐释pH值对秸秆腐殖化DOM性质的影响。     

利用密度相关的相对论平均场理论对核物质与中子星的研究(英文)

研究和详细地比较了RMF理论中不同的有效相互作用强度的密度依赖性, 并且讨论了这种密度依赖性对于核物质和中子星性质的影响. 对于核物质, 不同的参数组给出的对称核物质的饱和点非常接近, 基本都在经验值的范围内. 对于中子星, 考虑超子后不同参数组给出的质量极限的范围为1.52—2.06 M☉, 半径为10.24—11.38 km.The density dependencies of various effective interaction strengths in the relativistic mean field and their influences on the properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars are studied and carefully compared. The differences of saturation properties given by various effective interactions are subtle in symmetric nuclear matter. The Oppenheimer Volkoff mass limits of neutron stars calculated from different equations of state are 1.52—2.06 M☉, and the radii are 10.24—11.38 km with hyperons included.     

三维荧光结合自组织映射神经网络考察自来水厂有机物去除效果

三维荧光光谱在水体监测和水处理领域日益引起广大研究者的关注。自组织映射神经网络(SOM网络)作为一种非监督、自学习的神经网络,具有自稳定性高、抗噪声能力强等特点。使用SOM网络对某自来水厂处理流程中水样的荧光光谱进行解析,可以将三维荧光光谱聚类成三类,分别对应为络氨酸类蛋白有机物、色氨酸类蛋白有机物、紫外富里酸类物质。整个自来水处理工艺能够有效的去除水体中的有机物,其中络氨酸类、色氨酸类、紫外富里酸类物质的去除率分别为84.6%,79.9%,69.1%。研究结果表明,SOM网络可以作为一种有效的水体荧光光谱分析工具,有助于优化水处理工艺参数,提高水处理工艺性能、以及自来水厂的监测和管理。     

密度相关的相对论平均场理论对核物质和中子星的描述

基于密度相关有效相互作用的相对论平均场理论,研究了核物质和中子星的性质.对核物质的饱和性质,密度相关的相互作用DD-ME1和TW-99给出了与NL1,NL3,NLSH,TM1基本一致的结果;NL2和TM2主要用于计算轻核,与它们的结果差别较大.对于中子星,在低密度区域,各种相互作用给出的介子势场差别不大;在高密度区域,相应的介子势场的差别随密度增加而增大.密度相关的相互作用DD-ME1和TW-99,与NL1,NL3和NLSH的结果相比,其物态方程明显偏软.相应的中子星的最大质量也不同,不同有效相互作用给出的最大质量为2.0—3.0M⊙,从大到小的顺序依次是NLSH?,NL3,NL1,DD-ME1,TW-99,TM1和GL-97,对应的半径为10—14km.     

成都地区天空光光谱的测量与分析

本文报道成都地区天空光光谱的测量与分析。测量了不同方位不同倾角的天空光谱,测量结果表明,同一天中天空光光谱分布基本保持不变,不同时段,不同方位和不同倾角的天空光光谱强度不同。与天顶角为零的天空光谱(天顶光谱)比较,不同方位和不同倾角的天空光谱中包含了大气吸收的有用信息,可用于大气污染状况的研究与分析。     

The Excitation Temperatures of Nonmetal Atoms and the OH Temperatures in Microwave-Induced Plasma

Abstract

The excitation temperatures of nonmetal atoms and the OH molecule temperatures have been measured in argon MIP, operating under atmospheric pressure at different experimental conditions. Atoms of Ar I, P I and H have been used as thermometric species. The rotational and vibrational temperatures have been obtained from the OH A²Σ⁺ - X²? band spectra. The ^SR₂₁ ratational lines have been used for the first time for the temperature measurements. The energy distributions observed here are discussed.     

The Role of a1(1260) in π-p→a1-(1260)p and π-p→π-ρ0p Reactions Near Threshold

We report on a theoretical study of the π^-p→a₁^-(1260) p and π^-p→π^-ρ⁰p reactions near threshold within an effective Lagrangian approach. The production process is described by t-channel ρ⁰ meson exchange. For the π^-p→π^-ρ⁰p reaction, the final π^-ρ⁰ results from the decay of the a₁(1260) resonance, which is assumed as a dynamically generated state from the K^*K and ρπ coupled channel interactions. We calculate the total cross section of the π^-p→a₁^-(1260)p reaction. It is shown that, with the coupling constant of the a₁(1260) to ρπ channel obtained from the chiral unitary theory and a cut off parameter Λρ~1.5 GeV in the form factors, the experimental measurement can be reproduced. Furthermore, the total and differential cross sections of π^-p→a₁^-(1260)p→π^-ρ⁰p reaction are evaluated, and it is expected that our model calculations can be tested by future experiments. These reactions are important for the study of the a₁(1260) resonance and would provide further constraints on the properties of the a₁(1260) state.     

Dynamics of Ultracold Bosons in Artificial Gauge Fields—Angular Momentum,Fragmentation, and the Variance of Entropy

We consider the dynamics of two-dimensional interacting ultracold bosons triggered by suddenly switching on an artificial gauge field. The system is initialized in the ground state of a harmonic trapping potential. As a function of the strength of the applied artificial gauge field, we analyze the emergent dynamics by monitoring the angular momentum, the fragmentation as well as the entropy and variance of the entropy of absorption or single-shot images. We solve the underlying time-dependent many-boson Schrödinger equation using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for indistinguishable particles (MCTDH-X). We find that the artificial gauge field implants angular momentum in the system. Fragmentation—multiple macroscopic eigenvalues of the reduced one-body density matrix—emerges in sync with the dynamics of angular momentum: the bosons in the many-body state develop non-trivial correlations. Fragmentation and angular momentum are experimentally difficult to assess; here, we demonstrate that they can be probed by statistically analyzing the variance of the image entropy of single-shot images that are the standard projective measurement of the state of ultracold atomic systems.     

水汽多线光声光谱中压力线位移及加宽系数的分析

本工作从水汽的多线光声光谱中分析得到压力线位移和加宽系数。为了提高系数的精度和拟合效率，采用了Ｖｏｉｇｔ线型和参数分组约束优化方法。     

固态和液态溶液中酞菁铜及其衍生物的光谱变化

研究了三种酞菁铜及其衍生物CuPc,tb-CuPc,oo-CuPc在不同环境状态下的吸收光谱的变化。讨论了三种被质子化前后在溶液中的吸收光谱Q带的红移机制,并与固体分散样品所产生的光谱进行了比较,研究了酞菁铜衍生物分散在聚合物薄膜样品分子间的相互作用导致的吸收光谱的改变。同时结合POM,DSC,XRD方法,进一步对薄膜材料的结构和物相进行了表征。结果表明在不同浓度酞菁铜衍生物掺杂的固体薄膜中,被分散的酞菁铜衍生物的分子之间仍然处于缔合或凝聚状态,降低酞菁铜衍生物掺杂浓度并不能解除缔合作用或改变固体薄膜样品中的吸收光谱。     

Measurement of angular dependence of M X-ray production cross-sections in Re,Bi and U at 5.96 keV

The M X-ray production differential cross sections in Re, Bi and U elements have been measured at the 5.96 keV incident photon energy in an angular range 135°–155°. The measurements were performed using a ⁵⁵Fe source and a Si(Li) detector. The present results contradict the predictions of Cooper and Zare [Atomic Collision Processes, Gordon and Breach, New York (1969)] and experimental results of Kumar et al. [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. 34, 613 (2001)]. that, after photoionization of inner shells, the vacancy state has equal population of magnetic substates and the subsequent X-ray emission is isotropic, but confirm the predictions of the calculations of Flügge et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 7 (1972)] and experimental results of Sharma and Allawadhi [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. 32, 2343 (1999)] and Ertugrul [Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 119, 345 (1996)]. Total M X-ray production cross sections from the decay at the 5.96 keV photon energies are found to be in good agreement with the calculated theoretical results using the theoretical values of M shell photoionization cross section.     

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of hybrid silicon-organic materials in solutions and films

The spectroscopic characteristics of hybrid organic-inorganic films and solutions of ethoxysilicon-containing amidophosphate ligands in acetonitrile have been investigated. Inhomogeneous broadening of the absorption and fluorescence spectra which is characterized by the spectral dependence of the fluorescence and fluorescence excitation bands on the excitation and registration wavelength, respectively, is associated with the presence of a set of -(Si-O)_n- siloxane structures with various terminal fragments in both the films and solutions. The established general spectral rules are discussed with allowance for the characteristic features of the electronic structure of silicon-organic compounds containing an oxygen atom the unshared electron pair of which ensures the delocalization of the electron density over the siloxane chain.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 788–792, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

The role of layer-thickness deviation in dispersion and structure of plasmons in finite superlattices

We study the effects of layer thickness variations on the collective plasmon excitation modes of finite superlattices. Unlike other symmetry lowering mechanisms, thickness variation does not strongly localize the surface modes. We find that the reason for this insensitivity lies in the fact that the collective modes of a given finite structure must evolve continuously from the single-finite-superlattice at zero thickness deviation into modes of a pair of uncoupled finite structures at large thickness variation. We also show that this behavior is analogous to the evolution of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals as the internuclear separation is reduced, in contrast to the analogy of the superlattice modes as a stack of coupled quantum wells. This emphasizes the difference between the electromagnetic symmetry of the finite superlattice and the structural symmetry. Received 16 April 2001 and Received in final form 6 July 2001     

不同浓度猪、奶牛粪水中温厌氧发酵沼液中DOM的光谱特征

养殖粪水中物质的组成变化决定其潜在的环境效应,溶解性有机质（DOM）是养殖粪水的重要组成部分。研究对总固体浓度（TS）分别为4%和8%的猪、奶牛粪水进行批次中温厌氧发酵试验,分析了猪粪和奶牛粪沼液中DOM的含量变化,并结合三维荧光光谱（3DEEM）和平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）,解析沼液DOM的荧光光谱特性及组分变化特征。结果表明,中温厌氧发酵结束后,沼液中DOM含量均极显著（p＜0.001）降低。沼液DOM主要包含类酪氨酸、类富里酸、类色氨酸和类胡敏酸4种荧光组分,其中类胡敏酸的相对含量均显著（p＜0.05）增加,但类富里酸的相对含量仅在TS为8%的处理中增加,而在TS为4%的处理中降低。沼液DOM的腐殖化指数均极显著（p＜0.01）增加,但猪粪沼液DOM的腐殖化程度明显高于奶牛粪沼液。研究结果为畜禽粪便沼液农田利用的潜在环境效应评价提供理论支撑。