一个证明居里定理的新方法

本文对非平衡热力学中的居里定理提供了一个新的更为简洁的证明方法,并对居里定理的正确表述作出了说明。 非平衡热力学中的居里定理从物理系统内部结构的空间对称性出发得到了各向同性系统中相互耦合的热力学流和力应满足的约束条件,使唯象关系得以大大简化,其意义是众知的。居里定理早在1894年即已出现,但居里本人既没有叙述也没有证明过这个定理。居里定理的各种表述和证明都是后继研究者们作出的。本文的目的是提出一个证明居里定理的新的、更为简洁的方法,并作出居里定理的正确表述。     

N个并联直流电源的等效电源的3种推导方法——并联交/直流电源的一个等效定理及其推广

本文运用等效电压源定理(戴维宁定理),等效电流源定理(诺尔顿定理)以及直流电路的叠加原理,并结合数学归纳法,总结出3种途径用以推导N个并联直流电源的等效电动势与等效内阻,并以定理形式表达,最后对这一定理的适用范围作了推广;并对其能否向交流电路推广作了前瞻性的思考.     

质点系中阿特伍德机对有关定理的检验意义

将质点系中有关定理运用于阿特伍德机,文章以阿特伍德机为典型模型并阐述了对质点系中有关定理自洽性的检验.     

一种多功能的角动量定理演示仪

介绍了一种用于课堂的多功能角动量定理演示仪,结构简单,操作方便,能演示出多种角动量定理相关实验,揭示刚体定点转动中深刻的物理规律,并采用在"自然坐标系"下的角动量定理对实验现象加以理论分析.     

分数阶系统的一种稳定性判定定理及在分数阶统一混沌系统同步中的应用

根据Lyapunov稳定定理及其逆定理和分数阶系统稳定定理,提出了如果整数阶系统稳定,其对应的阶次小于1的分数阶形式的系统也稳定的分数阶系统稳定的判定定理,并给出了详细的证明过程.并将该理论运用于分数阶混沌系统的同步,实现了未知参数分数阶统一混沌系统的自适应同步,仿真结果证实了该理论的正确性. 关键词： 分数阶系统 混沌 Lyapunov稳定定理 Lyapunov稳定逆定理     

求分段函数在分段点处导数的一种有效方法

为了求解分段函数在分段点处的导数,利用微分学中的相关知识推证定理,并举例说明了如何利用该定理求分段函数在分段点处的导数。     

相对论TF模型的Viral定理

本文通过相对论Fermi统计的级数展开一般地证明了相对论TF模型的Viral定理,并讨论了两种特殊条件下的Viral定理形式。     

旋转带电体磁矩的推广的平行轴定理

首先推导出二阶标量电矩在任意两个平行轴之间的移轴定理(平行轴定理)的最一般的表达形式;再通过旋转带电体的定轴磁矩与其二阶标量电矩的简单比例关系,推导出定轴旋转带电体的磁矩在任意两个平行轴之间的移轴定理的推广形式;再具体讨论了过电荷中心的轴与其平行轴之间的移轴定理,并特别给出了旋转带电体的磁矩的平行轴定理在如下三种特定情形的具体形式:1)总电荷为零,2)电偶极矩为零,3)总电荷与电偶极矩均为零.最后澄清了若干文献中有关平行轴定理的含糊不清之处,并更正其错讹之处.     

原子核的单粒位阱(Ⅰ)一个定理

本文证明了一个定理并讨论了它的一些应用。定理给出了单粒子能量与分离能的严格关系。     

超细长弹性杆的Mei对称性及其Noether守恒量

基于Kirchhoff的动力学比拟,用动力学的概念和方法研究圆截面弹性杆的Hamilton函数和方程,并给出弹性杆的Mei对称性定义和定理以及定理的证明,最后给出弹性杆动力学系统的Mei对称性导致Noether守恒量的条件及定理,并给出算例. 关键词： 超细长弹性杆 Mei对称性 Noether守恒量     

A fluctuation theorem for Floquet quantum master equations

We present a fluctuation theorem for Floquet quantum master equations. This is a detailed version of the famous Gallavotti–Cohen theorem. In contrast to the latter theorem, which involves the probability distribution of the total heat current, the former involves the joint probability distribution of positive and negative heat currents and can be used to derive the latter. A quantum two-level system driven by a periodic external field is used to verify this result.     

Implications of Local Friendliness Violation for Quantum Causality

We provide a new formulation of the Local Friendliness no-go theorem of Bong et al. [Nat. Phys. 16, 1199 (2020)] from fundamental causal principles, providing another perspective on how it puts strictly stronger bounds on quantum reality than Bell’s theorem. In particular, quantum causal models have been proposed as a way to maintain a peaceful coexistence between quantum mechanics and relativistic causality while respecting Leibniz’s methodological principle. This works for Bell’s theorem but does not work for the Local Friendliness no-go theorem, which considers an extended Wigner’s Friend scenario. More radical conceptual renewal is required; we suggest that cleaving to Leibniz’s principle requires extending relativity to events themselves.     

An orbifold relative index theorem

In this paper we prove a relative index theorem for pairs of generalized Dirac operators on orbifolds which are the same at infinity. This generalizes to orbifolds a celebrated theorem of Gromov and Lawson.     

留数定理在拓扑相变中的应用

留数定理是高校物理专业必修课程数学物理方法中的一个重要定理.传统教学中关于该定理的讲授着重于数学公式的推导和数学思想的传达,而对于其在具体物理问题上的应用鲜有涉及.本文以一维Su-Schrieffer-Heeger模型的拓扑相变问题为例,阐明了如何利用留数定理解析得到二阶位移量的表达式并用该物理量表征拓扑相变.在讲授留数定理的教学过程中引入具体物理问题的分析实例,可以使学生更深刻地理解数学定理中的物理内涵.     

Extinction theorem and propagation of electromagnetic waves between two anisotropic materials

We systematically investigate the reflection and refraction of an electromagnetic wave between two semi-infinite anisotropic magnetoelectric materials. Using the integral formulation of Hertz vectors and the principle of superposition, we generalize the extinction theorem and derive the propagation characteristics of wave. Applying the results obtained, we find a general origin of Brewster effect. We also show that, through choosing appropriate material parameters, oblique or omnidirectional total transmission can occur to TE and TM waves. Compared to the traditional method, the method used here discloses the underlying mechanism of wave propagation between two arbitrary anisotropic materials and can be applied to other problems of propagation.     

Gull’s Theorem Revisited

In 2016, Steve Gull has outlined has outlined a proof of Bell’s theorem using Fourier theory. Gull’s philosophy is that Bell’s theorem (or perhaps a key lemma in its proof) can be seen as a no-go theorem for a project in distributed computing with classical, not quantum, computers. We present his argument, correcting misprints and filling gaps. In his argument, there were two completely separated computers in the network. We need three in order to fill all the gaps in his proof: a third computer supplies a stream of random numbers to the two computers representing the two measurement stations in Bell’s work. One could also imagine that computer replaced by a cloned, virtual computer, generating the same pseudo-random numbers within each of Alice and Bob’s computers. Either way, we need an assumption of the presence of shared i.i.d. randomness in the form of a synchronised sequence of realisations of i.i.d. hidden variables underlying the otherwise deterministic physics of the sequence of trials. Gull’s proof then just needs a third step: rewriting an expectation as the expectation of a conditional expectation given the hidden variables.     

构造阶梯算符的定量及其应用

给出一个基本定理，提供了构造二阶线性常微分算符相应的阶梯算符的普遍适用的方法，利用这个定理得到量子力学中常见的本征问题的解。     

构造阶梯算符的定理及其应用

给出一个基本定理，提供了构造二阶线性常微分算符相应的阶梯算符的普遍适用的方法.利用这个定理得到量子力学中常见的本征问题的解.     

A correlation decay theorem at high temperature

We derive a theorem of exponential decay of correlation functions at high temperature for a general statistical mechanical system following the approach introduced by L. Gross. The theorem is formulated so as to be useful for locality problems in lattice quantum gravity.     

Generalized optical theorem for scatterers having inversion symmetry: applications to acoustic backscattering

The far-field acoustic scattering amplitudes for the scattering of plane waves by targets having inversion symmetry obey a generalized optical theorem in the absence of dissipation. The theorem allows a component of the complex scattering amplitude in an arbitrary direction to be expressed in terms of an angular integration involving scattering amplitudes evaluated at different angles. The result reduces to the usual optical theorem in the case of forward scattering. The theorem is applied to the backscattering by a perfectly soft sphere as a numerical example. The relevant integrand is shown to be oscillatory. Some potential applications to inverse problems, multiple scattering, and the verification of numerical algorithms are noted.