半透明平板边界放射辐射热流密度的反问题

对一维半透明平板内辐射、导热及边界对流耦合换热过程进行了研究。提出了一种由一侧边界出射辐射强度反演另一侧边界入射辐射热流密度的方法。通过对各种向异性散射、吸收系数、散射系数、边界外侧来流温度、对流换热系数、半透明平板的导热系数和平板厚度等参数对反学演精度影响的分析表明,方法是可行的。     

表面不透明三层漫反射散射性介质耦合换热

本文采用射线踪迹、节点分析法研究了三层吸收、各向同性散射性介质层内的一维辐射和导热瞬态耦合换热,复合层表面不透明漫反射,介质层交界面半透明漫反射,且半透明漫反射交界面的反射率采用Fresnel反射定律确定。采用一层和二层辐射能量传递模型跟踪辐射能量在三层介质内的传递,从而推导出辐射传递系数。运用辐射传递系数求解辐射源项,在辐射对流边界条件下、采用全隐格式求解瞬态能量方程,并从机理上研究了辐射和导热耦合换热过程。     

半透明介质中辐射传递方程的反演计算及数值模拟

本文介绍了一侧为半透明、另一侧为非透明界面时一维半透明介质的辐射强度计算式。采用辐射与导热复合换热模型计算半透明介质内温度场。利用已知的温度场求半透明介质的辐射强度一正问题计算。将此辐射强度代入辐射反问题计算模型，引入测量误差，采用Ｃｈａｈｉｎｅ方法及演半透明介质内温度场一反问题计算。数值模拟表明，本文所采用的辐射反演法具有较高的精度及稳定性。     

燃烧室出口辐射对气膜冷却传热影响研究

燃气轮机高温透平中包含对流/导热/辐射等复杂传热现象。本文依托高温流热固耦合实验台,提出燃烧室与透平联合计算的方法,采用数值模拟和实验对比的方式分析了平板气膜冷却的对流/导热/辐射传热特性。同时研究了不同燃气吸收系数以及不同进口辐射条件对于平板气膜冷却的表面温度分布的影响。结果表明:辐射传热是燃气轮机首级高温叶片传热特性的重要影响因素,辐射传热使得实验平板温度抬升50～70 K,燃烧室/透平联合计算方法有效地分析了燃烧室出口辐射强度对高温平板气膜冷却辐射传热的影响;高温燃气辐射特性对于平板温度分布具有明显影响。     

红外窗口辐射导热耦合换热研究

针对高速飞行器典型红外窗口材料及气动加热外部热环境特点,建立红外窗口辐射导热耦合换热模型,采用光线跟踪法及有限差分法研究了红外窗口内部温度分布。考察了材料的物性、热边界条件等因素对温度分布的影响。研究结果表明,壁面对流换热系数、光谱吸收系数对红外窗口内部温度分布影响很大。     

非能动传热球床堆有效导热系数的壁面效应分析

本文针对非能动传热机制下简单立方球床堆有效导热系数进行了数值研究,根据有效导热系数的空间分布特性,对球床堆的近壁面区域和主体区域作了划分;分析了不同非能动传热机制下的有效导热系数的壁面效应;最后分析了导热、辐射和自然对流对近壁面和主体区域有效导热系数的贡献。结果发现,近壁面区域是在壁面附近一个球径范围内的区域;由于辐射和自然对流的影响,相同温度下近壁面有效导热系数比主体区域的有效导热系数小了近15%。当温度分别超过950 K和1080 K时,辐射成为球床堆主体区域和近壁面区域的主导传热机制;自然对流对有效导热系数的贡献并不大,当温度超过600 K时,自然对流可以忽略。研究结果可以为高温球床堆的设计与优化提供理论基础。     

强化辐射换热涂层的性能研究

本文以实验研究与数值模拟相结合的方式,对喷涂了不同厚度的两种不同涂料的一系列CPU散热片进行了自然对流条件下的辐射强化换热研究,以测试这两种涂料的辐射强化换热性能,并找出其强化辐射换热的相关规律.实验与数值模拟的结果表明,这两种涂料的确能够强化辐射换热;散热片散热热阻在有适当厚度涂层时比无涂层时减少了10%左右;在相同热载荷及边界温度条件下,散热片温度在有涂层时比无涂层时降低多达4℃;对于同种涂料,涂层厚度越薄强化散热能力越强;对于相同厚度的涂层,涂料导热率越大其辐射散热能力越强.     

均匀分布纳米粒子系近场辐射热扩散特性

当粒子系中粒子平均间距接近甚至小于热辐射特征波长时,由于倏逝波贡献,其辐射换热热流可远超黑体辐射极限热流。由于存在复杂近场作用,密集粒子系内近场辐射热扩散特性尚不清晰。本文基于涨落电磁理论研究了均匀分布纳米粒子系的近场辐射热扩散特性。研究发现：通过与离散尺度多体辐射换热理论及动理学理论关于金属及电介质粒子链近场辐射换热结果对比,常规热扩散理论可更准确地用于研究粒子系近场辐射热扩散特性,SiC纳米粒子链辐射等效导热系数随温度增大而增大,且温度只影响辐射等效导热系数的大小,而对其光谱峰值频率则无影响。当粒子间距一定时,粒子系辐射等效导热系数随粒子尺寸的增大而增大,更多能量可以在大颗粒构成的粒子链上传递。紧密堆积的粒子系内近场光子隧穿作用较强,其辐射等效导热系数也大于较稀疏粒子系的辐射等效导热系数。     

封闭空间中自然对流与导热、辐射的复合换热

本文用数值方法分析了封闭空间自然对流与导热、辐射的复合换热。得到了边壁导热效应和内壁面间辐射换热对自然对流流动和换热的影响。辐射换热量可占总换热量的30％左右,它的作用是不容忽视的。数值解的结果与用激光差分干涉系统实验的结果基本一致。     

保温层对空心砖当量导热系数影响的数值研究

本文采用能有效处理空心砖内部导热、对流与辐射换热耦合计算的自编程序,数值研究在外墙保温条件下空心砖墙体的当量导热系数。观察加保温层后具有不同孔洞数与排列方式的空心砖其当量导热系数的变化,以及保温层对空心砖的当量导热系数的影响。模拟结果对外墙保温层下空心砖的结构选型提供了参考依据。     

Effect of reflecting modes on combined heat transfer within an anisotropic scattering slab

Under various interface reflecting modes, different transient thermal responses will occur in the media. Combined radiative-conductive heat transfer is investigated within a participating, anisotropic scattering gray planar slab. The two interfaces of the slab are considered to be diffuse and semitransparent. Using the ray tracing method, an anisotropic scattering radiative transfer model for diffuse reflection at boundaries is set up, and with the help of direct radiative transfer coefficients, corresponding radiative transfer coefficients (RTCs) are deduced. RTCs are used to calculate the radiative source term in energy equation. Transient energy equation is solved by the full implicit control-volume method under the external radiative-convective boundary conditions. The influences of two reflecting modes including both specular reflection and diffuse reflection on transient temperature fields and steady heat flux are examined. According to numerical results obtained in this paper, it is found that there exits great difference in thermal behavior between slabs with diffuse interfaces and that with specular interfaces for slabs with big refractive index.     

Numerical approach for reflections and transmittance of finite plane-parallel absorbing and scattering medium subjected to normal and diffuse incidence

The discrete ordinate method (DOM) is used to analyze the radiative energy transfer in one-dimensional absorbing, scattering and non-emitting planar slab subjected to normal and diffuse incidence. To improve the ability of DOM to treat complex scattering phase function, a revision of DOM is presented. The reflectance and transmittance of a semitransparent planar slab is calculated by the DOM. The results are compared with the exact values and the solution arrived at other approximate method. It is shown that the DOM has a good accuracy in solving the reflectance and transmittance of a semitransparent planar slab, and can easily treat the complex scattering phase function.     

含相变材料玻璃类围护结构传热系数分析

建立太阳辐射加热下含半透明相变材料类玻璃围护结构的一维相变导热和辐射耦合稳态传热模型,采用控制容积法结合布格尔定律,数值求解含相变材料玻璃围护结构内部的能量传递,分析相变材料的辐射物性参数和室内外环境因素对其传热系数的影响.结果表明,计算相变材料类玻璃围护结构传热系数需要考虑其半透明性;传热系数不仅受物性参数和环境因素的影响,还与材料的液相率与透光率等因素有关.     

含双圆柱亚表面缺陷板条材料的表面温度分布

基于非傅里叶热传导方程,采用复变函数法和镜像法,研究了含双圆柱亚表面缺陷板条材料热波散射的温度场,并给出了热波散射温度场的解析解。分析了入射波波数、热扩散长度、缺陷的埋藏深度以及板条材料的厚度等对板条表面温度分布的影响。温度波由调制光束在材料表面激发,缺陷表面的边界条件为绝热。该分析方法和数值结果可为工程材料结构的传热分析、热波成像和材料内部缺陷评估,以及热物理反问题研究提供参考。     

Simulation of radiative heating of snow and ice coating

Numerical simulation of thermal state was performed for semitransparent medium; the thermal state is formed under impact of incident radiation and convective heat transfer to the ambient medium. The model takes into account the heat transfer to the semi-infinite opaque substrate below the layer of semitransparent material. Computation was performed for governing parameters typical of snow and ice coating during winter period. Solving the radiative part of problem uses the modified average flux method. This method takes into account the dependence of optical properties on the wavelength of incident radiation, scattering, and reflective properties of the layer boundaries.     

Transient coupled heat transfer in a rectangular medium with black surfaces

The main objective of this paper is to extend to two-dimensional (2-D) medium the ray tracing-node analyzing method, which has already been successfully used to solve one-dimensional (1-D) problem of coupled heat transfer in a semitransparent medium. For simplicity, an infinitely long rectangular semitransparent medium with four black opaque surfaces is chosen as our studying object. A control volume method in the implicit scheme is adopted for discretizing the partial transient energy equation. In combination with spectral band model, the radiative heat source term is calculated using the radiative transfer coefficients (RTCs), which are deduced by the ray tracing method. The Partankar's linearization method is used to linearize the radiative source term and the opaque boundary condition, and the linearized equations are solved by the ADI method. Effects of absorption coefficient, refractive index and conductivity on transient cooling process in the 2-D gray rectangular medium are investigated under the condition that the radiation and convection processes cool one side of the rectangular medium while heat the remaining three sides.     

On the combined heat transfer in the multilayer non-gray porous fibrous insulation

A detailed numerical modeling is performed to investigate coupled heat transfer of natural convection, radiation and conduction in high-temperature multilayer thermal insulation (MTI), which consists of high-porous, non-gray semitransparent fibrous materials and reflective foils. Radiation within fibers, radiation between fibers and the reflective foils, conduction within fibers and convection from the fibers to the surrounding fluid are considered. Macroscopic (porous media) modeling is used to determine velocity, pressure and temperatures fields for fibrous insulation with a random packing geometry under natural convection, whereas the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is used to solve the radiative heat flux for non-gray materials. Key features of the macroscopic model include two-dimensional effects, non-gray radiative exchange, and the relaxation of the local thermodynamic non-equilibrium (LTNE). This model was validated by comparison with experimental data and it was used to investigate natural convection of coupled heat transfer in multilayer insulation, numerical results showed that natural convection is more likely to occur when the heated/cooled rate is low, while natural convection can be ignored in simulating steady-state coupled heat transfer in MTI.     

Heat transfer in a spherical turbid medium with conduction and radiation

The heat transfer through a spherical media with conduction and radiation is considered. The medium is considered to be turbid and anisotropically scattering with diffusely reflecting boundaries of constant temperatures. The radiative transfer problem is solved using the Galerkin method. An iterative method is used to solve the nonlinear relation between the radiative transfer equation and the conductive energy equation. Calculations are carried out and compared for a homogeneous, isotropically scattering medium with isothermal, transparent boundaries. The results show good agreement with previous work. Calculations are carried out for inhomogeneous media with isotropic, and forward and backward anisotropic scattering. The boundaries of the media are considered to be isothermal and may be transparent or diffusely reflecting boundaries. The calculations are used to study the effects of the single scattering albedo, the anisotropic scattering parameter, the conduction-radiation parameter and the heat source.     

半透明梯度折射率介质内辐射熵传递方程及其数值模拟

在非相干辐射条件下,基于Planck光谱辐射熵强度定义,导出半透明梯度折射率介质内光谱辐射熵传递方程,以及局部辐射熵产率理论表达式.基于离散坐标法对辐射熵传递方程进行数值求解.以一维半透明梯度介质平板为例,对辐射熵方程及其算法进行验证.平板整体无因次辐射熵产的计算结果与宏观热力学定律的结果一致.     

Monte Carlo discrete curved ray-tracing method for radiative transfer in an absorbing-emitting semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index

A Monte Carlo discrete curved ray-tracing method is developed to analyze the radiative transfer in one-dimensional absorbing-emitting semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index, in which the Monte Carlo method is combined with the discrete curved ray-tracing method. A problem of radiative equilibrium with linear variable spatial refractive index is taken as an example to examine the accuracy of the proposed method. The temperature distributions and the dimensionless radiative heat flux are determined by the proposed method and compared with the data in references, which are obtained by other different methods. The results show that the Monte Carlo discrete curved ray-tracing method has a good accuracy in solving the radiative transfer in one-dimensional semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index.