The Strong Three-body Weak Interaction Contribution in the Nonmesonic Weak Decay of p-shell Λ Hypernuclei

The fundamental motivation to study the non-mesonic weak decay (NMWD) of hypernuclei is that it provides the unique means for study of baryon–baryon weak interaction in SU3 _f symmetry group. The new channel of NMWD, namely the recently confirmed three-body channel, seems to have a surprisingly big branching ratio so that it makes its accurate measurement prerequisite of the baryon–baryon weak interaction study. We report a new result of ${\Gamma_{2N}(^{11}_{\Lambda} {\rm B})}$ from E508 experiment of KEK-PS, though preliminary yet, which agrees with the previous result of ${^{12}_{\Lambda}}$ C from the same experiment, those from FINUDA experiment and those of the recent theoretical predictions.     

π0 → γγ in the Spinor Strong Interaction Theory

An expression for the decay rate (⁰ ) has been derived in the frameworkof the spinor strong interaction theory, a first-principles strong interaction theoryproposed some years ago as an alternative to low-energy QCD. The startingpoint is the SO(3) gauge-invariant action for two quark mesons which has beensuccessful in accounting for confinement, ^{+ +} , e⁺, and ⁰ e⁺, nonexistenceof the Higgs boson, and other low-energy mesonic phenomena. The quasi-four-quarkmeson equations developed for the decay of a vector meson into twopseudoscalar mesons V PP has been taken over here to apply to P(⁰) VV(^{+ –}) (plus ⁺ and ^– which annihilate each other). This mechanismin principle agrees with that of the assumption of vector meson dominance inthe literature. It, together with the effect of form factors, arises naturally in theformalism and need not be assumed. Equations for the perturbed vector mesonwave functions cannot be simply solved and an assumption has been made toobtain an estimate of their magnitude. Together with a constant associated withthe strong coupling obtained earlier from V() PP(K⁺K^–), the estimated decayrate is 19.2 eV, in order-of-magnitude agreement with data (7.74 eV).     

Normalization in the Spinor Strong Interaction Theory and Strong Decay of Vector Meson V → PP

The meson wave function in the spinor stronginteraction theory is uniquely normalized on dimensionalgrounds, thus bypassing the fundamental problems in thenormalization of Klein-Gordon (KG) and Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes for mesons. While the KG amplitudeis proportional to 1/E, the present meson wavefunction is not and is thus flavor-independent. Theconfinement term is inactive for free mesons, but isactivated when interacting with another hadron or chargedlepton. The theory is applied to the strong decay of atwo-quark vector meson into two pseudoscalar mesons V PP. The so-obtained and estimated decay rates are consistent with data, as are the ratios ofthese rates to the corresponding radiative decay V P rates. These decay rates indicate apossible connection of the strong quark-quark coupling_s with the electromagnetic coupling alpha via_s = ^1/4 = 0.2923.Contrary to the standard electroweak model (SM), theelectromagnetic and weak couplings are detached fromeach other in connection with the absence of Higgs bosons,without altering the main results of the SM.     

Superconductivity in Supersymmetric Theory in Restricted Chromodynamics

The study of superconductivity, dual superconductivity and color superconductivity has been undertaken through the breaking of super symmetric gauge theory in restricted chromo dynamics (RCD) which automatically incorporates the condensation of monopoles and dyons leading to confining and superconducting phases. Dyonic supermultiplets in N=1 super symmetry have been obtained quantum mechanically in RCD and it has been shown that dyon appears in RCD theory only through restricted part of the generalized potential and it is only this part of this potential which is responsible for quark confinement and the resulting superconductivity through the mechanism of dyonic condensation.     

The Magnetisation of Large Atoms¶in Strong Magnetic Fields

In this paper we study the asymptotic form of the magnetisation and current of large atoms in strong constant magnetic fields. We prove that the Magnetic Thomas–Fermi theory gives the right magnetisation/current for magnetic field strengths which satisfy B≤Z ^4/3. Received: 24 April 2000 / Accepted: 21 August 2000     

Dynamical Stability of Gap Soliton of One-Dimensional Condensate in Optical Lattices with Strong Interatomic Interaction

By developing the multiple scales method, we analytically study the dynamics properties of gap soliton of Bose- Einstein condensate in optical lattices. It is shown that the gap soliton will appear at Brillouin zone edge of linear band spectrum of the condensates when the interatomic interaction strength is larger than the lattice depth. Moreover, the density of gap soliton starts to be relatively small, while it increases with time and becomes stable.     

Radiative Decay of Vector Meson V → Pγ in the Spinor Strong Interaction Theory

The spinor strong interaction theory recentlydeveloped is applied to the radiative decay of atwo-quark vector meson into pseudoscalar meson V P. Expression of the decay rate isderived in this first-principle theory without assumptionand free parameter. The ratio (D^*0 D⁰)/(D^*+ D⁺) is correctly predicted. Theorders of magnitude of the radiative decay rates of B*,D*, K*, and estimated from this expression areconsistent with data. Very fast mesons have a smallersize then do mesons at rest, similar to Lorentzcontraction in laboratory space.     

Neutron Star Composition in Strong Magnetic Fields

We study the neutron star composition in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The effects of the anomalousmagnetic moments of both nucleons and electrons are investigated in relativistic mean field calculations for afl-equilibrium system. Since neutrons are fully spin polarized in a large field, generally speaking, the protonfraction can never exceed the field free case. An extremely strong magnetic field may lead to a pure neutronmatter instead of a proton-rich matter.     

Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields:¶The High Field Limit at Fixed Nuclear Charge

Let E(B,Z,N) denote the ground state energy of an atom with N electrons and nuclear charge Z in a homogeneous magnetic field B. We study the asymptotics of E(B,Z,N) as B→∞ with N and Z fixed but arbitrary. It is shown that the leading term has the form (ln B)² e(Z,N), where e(Z,N) is the ground state energy of a system of N bosons with delta interactions in one dimension. This extends and refines previously known results for N= 1 on the one hand, and N,Z→∞ with B/Z ³→∞ on the other hand. Received: 9 December 1999 / Accepted: 15 February 200     

The Spin Interaction of a Dirac Particle in an Aharonov-Bohm Potential in First Order Scattering

For a Dirac particle in an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) potential, it is shown that the spin interaction (SI) operator which governs the transitions in the spin sector of the first order S-matrix is related to one of the generators of rotation in the spin space of the particle. This operator, which is given by the projection of the spin operator Σ along the direction of the total momentum of the system, and the two operators constructed from the projections of the Σ operator along the momentum transfer and the z-directions close the SU(2) algebra. It is suggested, then, that these two directions of the total momentum and the momentum transfer form some sort of natural intrinsic directions in terms of which the spin dynamics of the scattering process at first order can be formulated conveniently. A formulation and an interpretation of the conservation of helicity at first order using the spin projection operators along these directions is presented.     

The Gravitational Waves from Test Particles around Black Holes Immersed in a Strong Magnetic Field

In this paper, we calculate the gravitational waveform from free test particles around Schwarzschild black holes immersed in a uniform strong magnetic field. By comparing with the cases of the Schwarzschild black holes, we find that for stable circle orbits, magnetic field can amplify amplitude and frequency of gravitational waves (here after GWs). For other general orbits, the uniform magnetic field also can amplify amplitude of GWs, enhance energy radiation of GWs and make it to shift to higher frequency. Another obvious influence of magnetic field B is that it can change the form of h _× component of GWs.     

Strong chirality in twisted bilayer α-MoO3

Chiral structures are promising in many applications, such as biological sensing and analytical chemistry, and have been extensively explored. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the chiral response of twisted bilayer α-MoO₃. Firstly, the analytical formula for the transmissivity is derived when the structure is illuminated with circularly polarized plane waves. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the twisted bilayer α-MoO₃ can excite the strong chirality with the maximum circular dichroism (CD) of 0.89. In this case, the chirality is due to the simultaneous breaking the rotational symmetry and mirror symmetry, which originates from the relative rotation of two α-MoO₃ layers. To better understand the physical mechanism, the polarization conversion between the left-hand circular polarization (LCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RCP) waves is discussed as well. Moreover, it is found that the structure can maintain the strong chirality (CD> 0.8) when the twisted angle varies from 69° to 80°, which effectively reduces the strictness in the requirement for rotation angle. In addition, the CD can be larger than 0.85 when the incidence angle of circularly polarized plane wave is less than 40°, implying that the chirality is robust against the angle of incidence. Our work not only provides an insight into chirality induced by the twisted bilayer α-MoO₃, but also looks forward to applications in biological sensing.     

Structures of Strong Shock Waves in Dense Plasmas

Structures of strong shock waves in dense plasmas are investigated via the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations and Poisson equation. The structures from nuid simulation agree with the ones from kinetic simulation. The effects of the transport coeffcients on the structures are analysed. The enhancements of the electronic heat conduction and ionic viscosity both will broaden the width of the shock fronts, and decrease the electric fields in the fronts.     

Strong guiding of light in hollow nanowire structures

We have theoretically investigated the guiding mode patterns of hollow nanowires.Two types of nanowires, round shape and hexagonal shape,are examined with different combination of outer and inner radii. Because of electric field discontinuity at hollow interfaces and evanescent modes overlap in low refractive index region,strong light guiding and confinement are achieved in both hollow wire structures.     

Resonance Interaction Energy in κ-Minkowski Spacetime

If gravity is quantized, one of the consequences may be that the spacetime coordinates are quantized and become noncommutative. The κ-Minkowski spacetime is such kind of noncommutative spacetime. In this paper, the resonance interaction energy of a two-atom system coupled with a fluctuating vacuum scalar field in the κ-Minkowski spacetime is studied. It is found that the resonance interaction energy is dependent on the interatomic separation, the transition wavelength of the atoms, and the spacetime non-commutativity. When the interatomic separation is small compared with a characteristic length determined by the spacetime non-commutativity parameter and the transition wavelength, the resonance interaction energy is that in the Minkowski spacetime plus a correction due to the spacetime non-commutativity. When the interatomic separation is comparable to or larger than the characteristic length, the resonance interaction energy cannot be organized in the form of a Minkowski term plus a correction, which indicates that the long-range behavior of the vacuum in the κ-Minkowski spacetime is fundamentally different from that in the Minkowski spacetime.     

μ–H Interaction in Hydrogen Bonding Systems

Muon spin rotation (μSR) experiments were performed on single crystal samples of KH₂PO₄(KDP) and KD₂PO₄(dKDP) to study the dynamics of hydrogen in hydrogen bonding systems. At low temperature, the nuclear dipole interaction of muon and proton was confirmed from the angular dependence of precession frequency of the muon spin under zero magnetic field. The muon occupation site was also determined. A clear change in μSR spectra was observed at the antiferroelectric transition temperature (123 K). At 90 K well below the transition temperature, the muon spin starts to relax, possibly due to muon dynamics. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Structure of S Pair in Collective States (Ⅱ)

Comparison between states composed of the newly defined S pairs used for dealing with seniority mixing problem and those made from the usual S pairs is given.     

Uniqueness of Gibbs State for Non-Ideal Gas in ℝd: The Case of Multibody Interaction

We study the question of existence and uniqueness of non-ideal gas in ^d with multi-body interactions among its particles. For each k-tuple of the gas particles, 2km ₀<, their interaction is represented by a potential function _k of a finite range. We introduce a stabilizing potential function , such that (x ₁,..., ) grows sufficiently fast, when diam{x ₁,..., } shrinks to 0. Our results hold under the assumption that at least one of the potential functions is stabilizing, which causes a sufficiently strong repulsive force. We prove that (i) for any temperature there exists at least one Gibbs field, and (ii) there exists exactly one Gibbs field at sufficiently high temperature, such that for any >0, C(V ₀)< for all volumes V smaller than a certain fixed finite volume V ₀. The proofs use the criterion of the uniqueness of Gibbs field in non-compact case developed in ref. 4, and the technique employed in ref. 1 for studying a gas with pair interaction.     

Strong excitonic effect in organic–inorganic hybrid crystals

We investigate the optical properties of the hybrid crystal ZnTe(C₂H₈N₂)_0.5 from first principles. The excitonic effect is included by solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation for the two-particle Green's function. The inorganic ZnTe acts as optical active layer and the excitonic wave function is confined within it by C₂H₈N₂ layers. Due to the confinement of electronic states, electron–hole interaction within ZnTe layers is enhanced and the absorption spectra are thus changed drastically. The exciton binding energies are 0.54 and 0.42 eV for α and β structures, respectively. The calculated quasiparticle gap of the β structure is 3.68 eV.