Copolymerization of Ethylene with 10-Undecen-1-ol Using Highly Active Vanadium(Ⅲ) Precatalysts Bearing Bis(imino)pyrrolyl Ligands

The copolymerizations of ethylene with 10-undecen-1-ol have been investigated using vanadium precatalysts, bis(imino)pyrrolyl vanadium(III) complexes 1-3, 2,5-C4H2N(CH=NR)2VCl2(THF)2 [R = C6H5(1), 2,6-iPr2C6H3(2), C6F5(3)], and the iminopyrrolyl and β-diketiminate ones for comparison. The polar monomer was pretreated by diethylaluminium chloride(present also as the cocatalyst) before the copolymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated using the Fineman-Ross method. The ligand structure considerably influenced the catalytic activity and tolerance towards the polar monomer, the polar monomer incorporation and the molecular weights of the resultant copolymers. The bis(imino)pyrrolyl vanadium complexes exhibited promising catalytic performance for the copolymerization, and a high catalytic activity up to 3.84 kg/mmolv·h with a high comonomer incorporation of 14.0 mol% was achieved by complex 3 under mild conditions.     

STUDIES ON ORGANO-MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS(Ⅲ)——CATALYTIC POLYMERIZATION OF ACETYLENE BY M-O-C BOND-CONTAINING COMPLEXES OF Mo AND W

Catalytic polymerization of acetylene in the presence of n5-C5H5-M-(CO)3 R (M=Mo,W;R=CH3-,C2H5-) has been studied.The results show that these complexes possess catalytic activities for the polymerization and copolymerization of monosubstituted acetylene.The catalytic mechanism has been preliminarily discussed.It is suggested that the active species be metal-car-bene.In our previous publications we reported the synthesis of some new Fischer's molybdenum and tungsten-carbene complexes and catalytic activity for alkyne polymerization.The results show that the activity of Fischer's molybdenum-carbene is higher than that of tungsten.The catalytic polymerization of alkyne by M-σ-c bond-containing complexes of molybdenum and tungsten has not been reported yet in literature.Therefore,four M-σ-C bondontaining complexes of molybdenum and tungsten were synthesized by using the method reported in the literature,and catalyst polymerization of alkyne by these complexes was examined.     

Copolymerization of ethylene and propylene catalyzed by magnesium chloride supported vanadium/titanium bimetallic Ziegler-Natta catalysts

Magnesium chloride supported vanadium/titanium bimetallic Ziegler-Natta catalysts with di-i-butyl phthalate as internal donor for copolymerization of ethylene and propylene were prepared.The effects of reaction temperature, ethylene/propylene molar ratio,aluminium/vanadium（Al/V）molar ratio and titanium/vanadium molar ratio on the catalytic activity were investigated.The molecular weight,molecular weight distribution,sequence composition and crystallinity of the products were measured by gel permeation chromatography,¹³C-NMR and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively.In comparison to the vanadium and titanium catalysts,the bimetallic catalyst showed higher catalytic activity and better copolymerization performance.The obtained ethylene/propylene copolymers have high molecular weight （10⁵）,broad molecular weight distribution,high propylene content with random or short blocked sequence structures （r_Er_P=1.919）,low melting temperatures and low crystallinities（X_c<20%）.     

Synthesis,Structure and Norbornene Polymerization Activity of a Novel Palladium（ II ） Complex with N,N＇-bis（2-benzoyl-3-oxobutane）-trans-l,2- diaminocyclohexane Ligand

The title complex N,N＇-bis（2-benzoyl-3-oxobutane）-trans-l,2-diaminocyclo- hexane-palladium （C28H28N2PdO4） has been synthesized by the reaction of N,N＇-bis（2- benzoyl-3-oxobutane）-trans-l,2-diamino-cyclohexane with PdCI2, and characterized by ele- mental analysis, IR spectrum, WAXD and TG. The spatial structures of the complex have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 29.763（6）, b = 10.320（2）, c = 18.921（4） A, fl = 102.75（3）°, V = 5668（2） A3, C28H28N2PdO4·CH3OH, Mr = 594.97, Z = 8, Dc = 1.394 g/cm3, μ（MoKa） = 0.694 mm-1, F（000） = 2448, T= 293（2） K, R = 0.0572 and wR = 0.1347 （I〉 2σ（I））. The compound was investigated for the catalytic behavior towards norbornene （NB） vinyl addition polymerization. And the palladium complex showed excellent catalytic activity up to 9.97x 106g of PNB （mol of Pd）-1 h-1 with high monomer conversion using methylaluminoxane （MAO） as a cocatalyst.     

Ethylene polymerization and ethylene/hexene copolymerizaion with vandium catalysts bearing thiophenolphosphine ligands

Vanadium(Ⅲ) complexes bearing thiophenol-phosphine ligands (2a-2b) (2-R-6-PPh2-C6H2S) VCl2(THF)2 (2a: R=H; 2b: R=Me3Si) were prepared from VCl3(THF)3 by treating with 1.0 equiv of the ligand in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of excess triethylamine. The two complexes were characterized by FTIR and mass spectra as well as elemental analyses. On activation with Et2AlCl, these complexes exhibited high catalytic activities (up to 22.1 kg PE/(mmolV·h·bar)) even at high temperature (70℃), and produced high molecular weight polymers with unimodal molecular weight distributions, indicating the polymerization took place in a single-site nature. This result may be attributed to benefits of introduction of second-row donor atoms for adjusting charge density of the vanadium centers. In addition, these complexes also exhibited high catalytic activities for ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization. Catalytic activity, comonomer incorporation and polymer molecular weight can be controlled in a wide range by the variation of catalyst structure and the reaction parameters such as Al/V molar ratio, comonomer feed concentration and polymerization reaction temperature.     

La（III）催化磷酸二（4－硝基苯酚）酯水解研究

The catalytic hydrolysis of bis（4-nitrophenyl）phosphate （BNPP） by lanthanum（Ⅲ） ion in the presence of amino-alcoholic ligands： diethanolamine （DEA） and triethanolamine （TEA）, was investigated kinetically at 30 ℃. The results indicated that the dinuclear dihydroxo complexes formed by lanthanum（Ⅲ） ion with aminoalcoholic ligands might be the catalytically active species which catalyze the hydrolysis of BNPP to different extents and the catalytic mechanism was believed to involve the synergism of double Lewis acid activation of the substrate and an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of a bridging oxo ligand.     

Effects of pretreatment and reduction on the Co/Al2O3 catalyst for CO hydrogenation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preadsorbed CO at different temperatures, calcination temperatures, the combined influence of reduction temperature and time, and pretreatment using hydrogen or syngas as reduction agents on the F-T synthesis （FTS） activity and selectivity of Co/Al2O3 catalyst. The reactivity of the carbon species at higher preadsorption temperature with H2 in TPSR decreased, whereas the carbon-containing species showed higher reactivity over Co/Al2O3 catalyst with low calcination temperature. This agreed well with the order of catalytic activity for F-T synthesis on this catalyst. The catalytic activity of the catalyst varied with reduction temperature and time remarkably. CODEX optimization gave an optimum reduction temperature of 756 K and reduction time of 6.2 h and estimated C5＋ yield perfectly. The pretreatment of Co/Al2O3 catalyst with different reduction agents （hydrogen or syngas） showed important influences on the catalytic performance. A high CO conversion and C5＋ yield were obtained on the catalyst reduced by hydrogen, whereas methane selectivity on the catalyst reduced by syngas was much higher than that on the catalyst reduced by hydrogen.     

SPONTANEOUS COPOLYMERIZATION OF 4-METHYLENE-1,3-DIOXOLANE DERIVATIVES WITH ACRYLONITRILE AND SUBSTITUENT EFFECT

The copolymerization of six 2-substituted 4-methylene-1, 3-dioxolane with aerylonitrile(AN) gives rise spontaneously to the alternating copolymers by the participation of charge-transfer(CT) complexes. The structures of copolymers was ascertained by their IR, ~1H and ~(13)C NMR spectra, etc.. The electron effect of suhstituents on 2-position of monomer 2 is the most important factor in predicting the reactivity of CT complexes. However the steric effect determines the ring-opening degree of monomer 2. The spontaneous copolymerization mechanism has been discussed.     

Phosphine/Benzocyclone-based Neutral Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization with Polar Monomers

The efficient copolymerization of olefin with polar monomers using nickel-based catalysts presents a longstanding challenge. In this contribution, three phosphine-benzocyclone ligands and corresponding neutral nickel catalysts(Ni1: Ar = Ph; Ni2: Ar = 2-(C6H5)C6H4; Ni3: Ar = 2-[2’,6’-(Me O)2-C6H3]C6H4) were prepared and applied for the ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers without any cocatalyst. The bulky substituent groups in complexes Ni2 and Ni3 contributed to high ...     

Studies on PNPP Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Schiff Base Cobalt（Ⅱ） Complexes Containing Benzoaza-15-crown-5

Three novel Schiff base cobalt（Ⅱ） complexes containing benzoaza-15-crown-5, CoL^1, CoL^2 and CoL^3 were synthesized and characterized, and these complexes were used in catalytic hydrolysis of carboxylic ester （PNPP, p-nitrophenyl picolinate） as mimic hydrolytic metalloenzyme. The analysis of specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by PNPP with cobalt（Ⅱ） complexes. The CoL^3 bearing the electron withdrawing group shows better catalytic activity due to its stabilization effect on active species MLS^-. The catalytic mechanism of PNPP hydrolysis was also proposed. The kinetic parameter of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been calculated and the activation energy for the catalytic hydrolysis is 43.69, 39.76 and 35.44 kJ·mol^-1, respectively.     

Synthesis and molecular structures of cymantrenecarboxylate derivatives of titanium(IV) and vanadium(III) cyclopentadienyl complexes and of copper(II) and manganese(II) lutidine complexes

The reactions of dimethyltitanocene borohydride and vanadocene with cymantrenecarboxylic acid CymCOOH gave the monomer (C₅H₄Me)₂Ti(OOCCym)₂ (I) and dimer (C₅H₅)V(OOCCym)₄V(C₅H₅) (II), respectively. Treatment of Cu(II) cymantrenylcarboxylate with excess lutidine gives the monomer (C₇H₉N)₂Cu(COOCym)₂ (III). The reaction of lutidine with a mixture of Cu(II) and Mn(II) bis-cymantrenecarboxylates affords the heterometallic trinuclear complex (C₇H₉N)Cu(OOCCym)₃Mn(OOCCym)₃Cu(C₇H₉N) (IV). The structures of I–IV were established by X-ray diffraction. In I and III, the cymantrenecarboxylate groups are terminal and in II and IV, they are bridging, which is also manifested as characteristic OCO stretching bands in the IR spectra.     

Ethylene (co-)polymerization by long-lifetime half-sandwich zirconium catalyst bearing a [SSO]-carborane ligand

Half-sandwich zirconium complex 3 containing tridentate carborane [S,S,O] ligand 2 [(HOC6H2R2-4,6)(CH2)SC(B10H10) C(Ph)2P=S, R=tBu] was synthesized by the reaction of CpZrCl3(Cp=η5-C5H5) with sodium salt of ligand 2. Zirconium complex 3 was characterized by elemental and NMR analyses. DFT calculations were also performed on complex 3 to analyze the stereochemistry. The results from DFT calculations indicate that structure S1, in which no sulfur atom bonds to the zirconium atom, exists at the lowest energy level. In the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO), complex 3 exhibited good catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization and long life-time up to 10 h. Moreover, the complex 3/MAO system displayed excellent catalytic activities toword ethylene copolymerization with 1-hexene or polar olefins.     

Ring-opening Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Maleic Anhydride Catalyzed by Mononuclear [Zn（L）（H2O）] or Binuclear [Zn2（L）（OAc）2（H2O）] Complex Based on the Salen-type Schiff-base Ligand

From the self-assembly of the typical Salen-type Schiff-base ligand H2L and Zn(OAc)2·2H2O in the molar ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, the mononuclear [Zn(L)(H2O)](1) or binuclear [Zn2(L)(OAc)2(H2O)](2) are obtained, respectively. For both complexes 1 and 2, the unsaturated five-coordinate coordination environment to the catalytic active centers(Zn2+ ions) permits the monomer insertion for the effective solution copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and maleic anhydride. All the solution copolymerizations afford poly(ester-co-ether)s, while lower catalyst and co-catalyst concentrations are helpful for the formation of alternating polyester. Of the three co-catalysts, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine is found to be the most efficient, while an excess thereof is detrimental for chain growth of the copolymers.     

Benzoylacetonate and its fluorinated derivatives as ligands for Co(II) complexes: the effect of the presence of fluorine atoms on the crystal packing

The influence of the introduced fluorine atoms to diketonato backbone exerted on the crystal packing was studied on cobalt(II) bis(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dionato-κ ² O,O′) compounds with pyridine (1), 2,2′-bipyridine (2) and 1,10-phenanthroline (4), and cobalt(II) bis(benzoylacetonato-κ ² O,O′) compound with 2,2′-bipyridine (3). The solid-state structures of 1–4 were determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The coordination of Co(II) is octahedral in all four compounds. The differences in crystal packing of 1 with regard to the known complexes with non-fluorinated analogue and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butane-1,3-dionate were observed. Unit cell parameters of 2·½C₇H₈ and 3·½C₇H₈ slightly differ, but they have similar crystal packing dominated by the π–π interactions. Strong π–π interactions and weak C–H···π(arene) and C–F···π(arene) interactions are present in 2–4, while no significant intermolecular interactions are present in 1.     

Synthesis, structure, and activity evaluation of two silver(I) complexes as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors

Two silver(I) compounds, [Ag(R,R-hxn)](C₇H₄BrO₂) · 2H₂O (I) (Chxn = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane) and [Ag(C₅H₆N₂)₂]₂(C₈H₄O₄) · 10H₂O (II), were synthesized and complex I was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound I contains a catena-(trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) silver polycation ([Ag(Chxn)]_∞) in a roughly linear fashion, while II possesses a linear-type silver monocation. Compounds I and II were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against Helicobacter pylori urease in vitro. Both were found to have strong inhibitory activities against H. pylori urease comparable to that of acetohydroxamic acid.     

Rare-earth metal amido complexes supported by bridged bis(β-diketiminato) ligand as efficient catalysts for hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes and ketones

A series of rare-earth metal amides supported by a cyclohexyl-linked bis(β-diketiminato) ligand were synthesized,and their catalytic activities for hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes and ketones were developed.Reaction of [(Me3Si)2N]3 RE(Cl)Li(THF)3 with the cyclohexyl-linked bis(-diketimine) H2L(1)(L=Cy[NC(Me)CHC(Me)NAr]2,Cy = cyclohexyl,Ar=2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) gave the rare-earth metal amides LREN(SiMe3)2(RE = Nd(2),Sm(3),Dy(4),Er(5),Y(6)).All complexes were fully characterized by elemental,spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray analyses.Investigation of the catalytic properties of the complexes reveals that these complexes exhibited a high catalytic activity towards the hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of a very low loading of rare-earth metal amides(0.1-1 mol%) at room temperature in a short time.     

New copper(II) 2-(alkylamino)troponates

The copper aminotropones Cu[ON(R′)C₇H₄R-4]₂ [R = H, R′ = Me (13), Et (14), n-Pr (15), n-Bu (16), Bz (17), MenOCH₂CH₂ (20); R = i-Pr, R′ = Me (18), n-Pr (19), MenOCH₂CH₂ (21)] have been prepared from the corresponding aminotropones HN(R′)OC₇H₄R-4 (1–7) by reacting with copper(II) acetate in aqueous ethanol. 20, 21 contain the flavourant, menthol, as part of the ligand. The structures of 5 (R = H, R′ = Bz), a hydrogen-bonded dimer, 14 and 20, both incorporating square-planar, four-coordinate copper centres, have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The antibacterial activities of complexes 13, 17, 20 and 21 have been assayed against Staphylococcus waneri, an in vitro model of plaque inhibition effects, and found to be more active than a commercial toothpaste formulation, but less active than the O,O-chelated copper(II) complex of ethylmaltol.     

Two cobalt(II) complexes based on a flexible bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole) and rigid organic dicarboxylate ligands

Two new bis(5,6-dimethybenzimidazole)-based Co^II complexes, Co(pydca)(L)₂·2H₂O (1) and [Co(bdc)(L)] _n (2) (L = 1,3-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-2-propanol, H₂pydca = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, H₂bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical, spectroscopic methods and single-crystal diffraction. The cobalt(II) centers display different environments with distorted square-pyramidal geometry in 1 and a perfect tetrahedral geometry in 2. Complex 1 is a mononuclear structure, which is further assembled into a 3D supramolecular network via strong hydrogen bonding as well as π–π interactions; while complex 2 possesses a 2D corrugated (4,4) network that is further formed into a (3,4,4)-connected network with (6².8⁴)(6³)₂(6⁴.8²)₂-3,4,4T25 topology due to classical hydrogen bonds. The fluorescence and catalytic performances of the two complexes for the degradation of methyl orange by sodium persulfate have been investigated.     

Synthesis and characterization of glycol-modified vanadium(V) oxoisopropoxide and their oximato derivatives: sol–gel transformations of [VO(OPr i )3], [VO{OCH2CH2OCH2CH2O}{OPr i }] and [VO{OCH2CH2OCH2CH2O}{ON=C(CH3)(C4H3S-2)}] to vanadia

Reaction of [VO(OPr ⁱ )₃] (1) with [O(CH₂CH₂OH)₂] in 1:1 molar ratio in anhydrous benzene yield glycol-modified precursor, [VO{OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂O}{OPr ⁱ }] (2). Further reactions of (2) with internally functionalized oximes in anhydrous benzene yield heteroleptic complexes of the type [VO{OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂O}{ON=C(R)(Ar)}] (3–8) {where R=CH₃, Ar=C₄H₃O-2 (3), C₄H₃S-2 (4), C₅H₄N-2 (5); and when R=H, Ar=C₄H₃O-2 (6), C₄H₃S-2 (7), C₅H₄N-2 (8)}. All these derivatives have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight measurements and spectroscopic techniques. The crysoscopic molecular weight measurement as well as FAB mass study suggests dimeric nature of (2). However, FAB mass spectrum of (4), and the crysoscopic molecular weight measurements of (3), (4), (5) and (6) indicate the monomeric behavior of the oximato derivatives (3–8). Hexa-coordination around vanadium(V) has been proposed for both monomeric and dimeric derivatives. Sol–gel transformations of (1), (2) or (4) to vanadia [(a), (b) or (c), respectively] have been carried out at low sintering temperature (600 °C). The XRD patterns of (a), (b) or (c) indicate formation of a single orthorhombic phase in all the three cases. The SEM images suggest grain like [for (a) and (b)] and rod like [for (c)] morphology of the crystallites. IR, Raman spectra as well as EDX analyses indicate formation of pure vanadia. Absorption spectra of the vanadia (b) and (c) suggest energy band gaps of 2.53 and 2.65 eV, respectively.     

Carbon-nitrogen bond formation in the reaction of the reaction of diphenyl diazomethane Ph2 CN2 with diiron-carbene complexes (Fe2(CO)7x03BD;-C(R)C(NEt2)x03BD;-C(R)C(NEtx03BC;-C(R)C(NEt2)N(NCPh2)x03BC;-C(R)C(NEtx03BC;-C(R)C(NEt2)NN(CPh2)x03BC;-C(R)C(NEt)]

The diiron ynamine complex [Fe₂(CO)₇{μ-CR)C(NEt₂)}] (1:R=Me,2:R = C₃H₅.3:R=SiMe₃.4:R = Ph) reacts at room temperature with diphenyldiazomethane Ph₂CN₂, in hexane to yield complexes [Fe₂(CO)₆{C(R)C(NEt₂)N (NCPh₂)] (5a:R=Me,6a:R=C₃H₅.7a R=SiMe₃.8a:R=Ph) resulting from the insertion of the terminal nitrogen atom into the Fe=C carbene bond. Insertion the second nitrogen atom and formation of compounds [Fe₂(CO)₆zμ-C(R)C(NEt₂)NN(CPh₂)}] (5b:R=Me,6b:R=C₃H₅,7b:R=SiMe₃,8b:R=Ph) is observed when compounds5a-5a are treated in refluxing hexane. Transformation of compoundsa tob is also obtained at room temperature within a few days. All compounds were identified by their¹H NMR spectra. Compounds6a, 7a, 8a, and8b were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Crystal data: for6a: space group = P2₁/n,a=12.853(1) A,b=24.800(7) A,c=8.947(6) A,β=99.29(3)°,Z=4, 2227 rellectionsR=0,038; for7a: space group=Pl,a=ll.483(4) A,b=14.975(4) A,c = 17.890(8) A,α = 82.80(3)°,β=94.29(7)°,γ=85.42(2),Z = 4, 5888 reflectionR = 0.035: for8a: space group = Pcab.a = 31.023(8) A.b=20.137(1) A.c=9.686(2) A.Z=8. 1651 reflections,R=0.071; for8b: space group=P2₁/n,a=21.459(4),b=10,100(3) A,c=28,439(8) A,ß=103.86(4)°,Z=8. 2431 reflections.R=0.057.