热声系统的声功测量方法

声功测量对热声系统的研制开发具有重要意义。文中着重介绍了几种声功测量方法 ,阐述了各种方法的测量原理、仪器装置、应用特点及实用范例 ,对于热声系统中声功的测量具有一定参考价值。     

声表面波垂直入射于声栅时的衍射

本文分析了声表面波垂直入射于声栅时的衍射现象。理论上,应用唯象理论分析了声表面波垂直入射于声栅时,在“薄栅”和“厚栅”条件下的衍射特性。实验上,我们用光学法观察和测量了相应于“薄栅”和“厚栅”两种条件下的声栅衍射现象,得到了一些有意义的结果。例如,衍射声场近场的强度分布、正一级和负一级声的干涉场的强度分布,声栅内及透射后近场的声波波阵面等。还测量了各级衍射声波传播角度随频率而变化的情形,测量了零级和一级衍射声强度随频率而变化的情形。最后,将上述实验结果与应用唯象方法所分析的结果作了比较。     

声表面波在Bragg声栅上衍射的偏转声束的发散角

本文从声表面波在声栅上的Bragg衍射的偏转角公式和偏转效率公式出发,分析了偏转声束的发散角δθ_1与声栅有关参数的关系。文中定义了声栅Bragg衍射的“Bragg角谱宽度”δθ_B,讨论了该量在判定偏转声束发散角δθ_1时的意义。结果表明:若入射声束的发散角δθ_(inc)的值大于声栅“Bragg角谱宽度”δθ_B,则偏转声束的发散角δθ_1等于δθ_B;反之若δθ_(inc)小于δθ_B,则δθ_4=δθ_(inc)。 实验上,应用观察和测量声-光衍射图案中的各束声对应的衍射光点的宽度的方法,对四种不同结构的样品——其中两种相应于δθ_(inc)(?)δθ_B,另两种相应于δθ_(inc)(?)δθ_B的情形——测量了δθ_(inc)和δθ_4。结果表明,上述理论分析结果与测量结果是一致的。     

用超导隧道结产生和接收声子的声子谱仪

本文叙述了用超导隧道结产生和接收声子的声子谱仪的工作原理及其测量电路.给出了用 Sn-I-Sn 声子发生器,Al-I-Al 声子检测器,硅单晶样品的声子谱仪的实验结果.     

现场实测岩体声衰减探讨

判断工程岩体,特别是矿山岩体的稳定性一直是为人们所关注的问题之一。声测是判断岩体稳定的一种重要手段。理论和实验表明岩体声衰减对岩体稳定性比声速更加敏感。 实验室测量岩石声衰减比较容易做到,而现场测量则较为困难。笔者利用单板机作为现场测量仪器。在测量中,充分表现出单板机的便携、实用、方便、结果可靠等优点。文中还从理论到实践解决了测试方法和计算方法等问题,并对用声衰减估计岩体稳定性作了初步评价。     

相对湿度对光声信号的影响研究

共振型光声光谱系统容易受到外界环境的影响,其中相对湿度对光声信号的影响会直接降低光声光谱技术在进行痕量气体检测或气溶胶光吸收系数测量时的准确性。利用自制的U形光声池,搭建了一套相对湿度可精确调节的光声光谱测量系统,通过测量不同相对湿度下光声系统的性能参数,分析了相对湿度对光声信号的影响,获得了不同相对湿度下光声信号的修正参数。利用该参数,测量了7172.699cm-1波长处水分子的吸收,并定量分析了相对湿度的影响。该研究结果为光声光谱技术在不同相对湿度环境条件下的应用提供了重要参考。     

热声谐振管品质因数的实验研究

回热器中填充了玻璃丝绵,在声驱动的热声谐振管中发生共振,通过测量谐振频率,分析热声谐振管的频率特性,辨识谐振管的品质因数,其测量结果能与理论计算值较好的吻合。实验证实,品质因数是评价热声谐振管工作性能的重要参数。     

海底沉积物声特性与海水深度变化关系的研究

海底沉积物声特性的实验室测量结果,相对原位直接测量,将由于测量环境的改变而发生变化。其中海水深度(压强)的改变是影响海底沉积物声传播速度、声传播衰减系数的因素之一。文章以现有海底沉积物纵波传播速度理论为依据,分析了海水深度(压强)影响海底沉积物声传播速度、声传播衰减系数的原因;设计了海底沉积物声特性实验室仿真测量系统,并根据实验数据获得海水深度(压强)影响海底沉积物声传播速度、声传播衰减系数的变化规律。     

基于线缺陷声子晶体的声波导设计

在含缺陷的声子晶体中,缺陷模的声波能量被局限在缺陷处,据此设计了由花岗岩柱体按周期排列在空气中形成的二维线缺陷声子晶体型声波导.采用平面波展开法数值模拟了该模型的能带结构,确定最佳的排列形式以及缺陷能带的频率范围.测量了透过声子晶体的声压强,确定缺陷能带.实验结果证实线缺陷声子晶体对缺陷模具有明显的声波导作用.     

光声光谱法研究光学薄膜的吸收特性

本文以“一维热流活塞模型”为基础,推导出薄膜光声表达式,光声信号的幅值正比于吸收率.测量了透明基底上光学薄膜的光声吸收谱,实验结果与理论一致.尤其是测量弱吸收薄膜的吸收谱时,具有较高的灵敏度和实用性.     

Ultra-low-frequency dust-electromagnetic modes in self-gravitating magnetized dusty plasmas

Obliquely propagating altra-low-frequency dust-electromagnetic waves in a self-gravitating, warm, magnetized, two fluid dusty plasma system have been investigated. Two special cases, namely, dust-Alfvén mode propagating parallel to the external magnetic field and dustmagnetosonic mode propagating perpendicular to the external magnetic field have also been considered. It has been shown that effects of self-gravitational field, dust fluid temperature, and obliqueness significantly modify the dispersion properties of these ultra-low-frequency dust-electromagnetic modes. It is also found that in parallel propagating dust-Alfvén mode these effects play no role, but in obliquely propagating dust-Alfvén mode or perpendicular propagating dust-magnetosonic mode the effect of self-gravitational field plays destabilizing role whereas the effect of dust/ion fluid temperature plays stabilizing role.     

超高斯光束在片状放大器中传输的特性研究

根据非线性薛定谔方程 ,应用分步傅立叶算法 ,模拟了不同强度的入射超高斯光束在片状放大器中的传输行为。分析了超高斯光束的光束宽度参量、阶数 ,以及片状放大器中的自由传播空间对光传输的影响。     

超高斯光束在片状放大器中传输的特性研究

 根据非线性薛定谔方程,应用分步傅立叶算法,模拟了不同强度的入射超高斯光束在片状放大器中的传输行为。分析了超高斯光束的光束宽度参量、阶数,以及片状放大器中的自由传播空间对光传输的影响。     

高功率微波低电离层传输的聚焦和散焦特性

 基于高功率微波(HPM)混合气体传输模型,系统阐述了考虑磁效应条件下HPM窄波束在低电离层中传输时的聚焦与散焦原理,推导了考虑外加磁场和HPM热效应情况下,窄波束在低电离层中传输的非线性几何光学方程及聚焦和散焦特性描述参数,并对低电离层中的波束发散特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：低电离层表现出的散焦特性,使HPM窄波束发散,L,R,O,X波均发生了波束发散现象,且R波的波束发散角最大,O,X波次之,L波最小,但随着入射波频率的增加,这种差别逐渐减小;相同条件下,入射波频率越高,散焦现象越弱;一定入射波频率条件下,波束轴线上的场强越大,波束发散现象越明显。     

反向交叉相位调制对NOLM开关特性影响

提出了NOLM中反向信号脉冲与控制脉冲耦合方程,研究了正、反向信号脉冲在传输过程中共同作用的非线性相移,分析了高斯脉冲和NRZ码在此情况下的开关特性,得到了有反向交叉相位调制时的第一最佳解复用长度、开关窗口和输出信号波形等对实际应用有价值的数据和波形.     

Multiframe observation of an intense femtosecond optical pulse propagating in air

We have demonstrated femtosecond time-resolved and picosecond time-interval successive observations of a single femtosecond optical pulse propagating in air with ultrafast self-modulation such as filamentation. A quadruple femtosecond probe pulse crossing an intense propagating pulse at picosecond intervals was able to capture directly four successive images of the propagating pulse as in a movie but with femtosecond time resolution. From this observation, we can directly analyze and recognize the propagation process, which is significantly affected by pulse-energy fluctuation, and (or) atmospheric turbulence from shot to shot.     

Driven spin wave modes in XY ferromagnet: non-equilibrium phase transition

The dynamical responses of XY ferromagnet driven by linearly polarised propagating and standing magnetic field wave have been studied by Monte Carlo simulation in three dimensions. In the case of propagating magnetic field wave (with specified amplitude, frequency and the wavelength), the low temperature dynamical mode is a propagating spin wave and the system becomes structureless (or random) in the high temperature. A dynamical symmetry breaking phase transition is observed at a finite (non-zero) temperature. This symmetry breaking is confirmed by studying the statistical distribution of the angle of the spin vector. The dynamic non-equilibrium transition temperature was found to decrease as the amplitude of the propagating magnetic field wave increased. A comprehensive phase boundary is drawn in the plane formed by temperature and amplitude of propagating field wave. The phase boundary was observed to shrink (in the low temperature side) for longer wavelength of the propagating magnetic wave. In the case of standing magnetic field wave, the low temperature excitation is a standing spin wave which becomes structureless (or random) in the high temperature. Here also, like the case of propagating magnetic wave, a dynamical symmetry breaking non-equilibrium phase transition was observed. A comprehensive phase boundary was drawn. Unlike the case of propagating magnetic wave, the phase boundary does not show any systematic variation with the wavelength of the standing magnetic field wave. In the limit of vanishingly small amplitude of the field, the phase boundaries approach the recent Monte Carlo estimate of equilibrium transition temperature.     

Electron states in the quantum wire with periodic serial structure

A model infinite quantum wire embedded in a matrix permeable to electron waves is investigated in terms of electronic states. The wire is assumed to have a 1D crystal structure. Through electron waves propagating in its surroundings, lateral modes are coupled with Bloch waves propagating along the wire axis, which results in modes splitting into multiplets. The results presented in this study have been obtained by direct solution of the Schrödinger equation in the effective mass approximation.     

实现控制波前传播的纯相位衍射光学元件的设计

基于投影限制集算法（ＰＯＣＳ），设计出用一个纯相位调制的衍射光学元件实现控制光波前在三维区域之内的传播，将输入的高斯光束变换为沿纵向调制的等光强的２×２光束阵列。模拟计算表明，该算法在控制光波前传播方面是有效的。