Characterizations of isomorphisms and derivations of some algebras

Let ? be a zero-product preserving bijective bounded linear map from a unital algebra A onto a unital algebra B such that ?(1)=k. We show that if A is a CSL algebra on a Hilbert space or a J-lattice algebra on a Banach space then there exists an isomorphism ψ from A onto B such that ?=kψ. For a nest algebra A in a factor von Neumann algebra, we characterize the linear maps on A such that δ(x)y+xδ(y)=0 for all x,y∈A with xy=0.     

The Generalized Chern Character and Lefschetz Numbers in W*-Modules

We define N-theory as being an analogue of K-theory on the category of von Neumann algebras such that K ₀(A)N ₀(A) for any von Neumann algebra A. Moreover, it turns out to be possible to construct the extension of the Chern character to some homomorphism from N ₀(A) to an even Banach cyclic homology of A. Also, we define generalized Lefschetz numbers for an arbitrary unitary endomorphism U of an A-elliptic complex. We study them in the situation when U is an element of a representation of some compact Lie group.     

Duality and operator algebras: automatic weak* continuity and applications

We investigate some subtle and interesting phenomena in the duality theory of operator spaces and operator algebras, and give several applications of the surprising fact that certain maps are always weak^*-continuous on dual spaces. In particular, if X is a subspace of a C^*-algebra A, and if a∈A satisfies aX⊂X, then we show that the function x?ax on X is automatically weak^* continuous if either (a) X is a dual operator space, or (b) a^*X⊂X and X is a dual Banach space. These results hinge on a generalization to Banach modules of Tomiyama's famous theorem on contractive projections onto a C^*-subalgebra. Applications include a new characterization of the σ-weakly closed (possibly nonunital and nonselfadjoint) operator algebras, and a generalization of the theory of W^*-modules to the framework of modules over such algebras. We also give a Banach module characterization of σ-weakly closed spaces of operators which are invariant under the action of a von Neumann algebra.     

Cohomological Characterizations of Biprojective and Biflat Banach Algebras

 Let A be a biprojective Banach algebra, and let A-mod-A be the category of Banach A-bimodules. In this paper, for every given -mod-A, we compute all the cohomology groups . Furthermore, we give some cohomological characterizations of biprojective Banach algebras. In particular, we show that the following properties of a Banach algebra A are equivalent to its biprojectivity: (i) for all -mod -A; (ii) for all -mod-A; (iii) for all -mod-A. (Here and are, respectively, the Banach A-bimodules of left, right and double multipliers of X.) Further, if A is a biflat Banach algebra and -mod-A, we compute all the cohomology groups , where is the Banach A-bimodule dual to X. Also, we give cohomological characterizations of biflat Banach algebras. We prove that a Banach algebra A is biflat if and only if any of the following conditions is valid: (i’) for all -mod-A; (ii’) for all -mod-A; (iii’) for all -mod-A.     

Cohomological Characterizations of Biprojective and Biflat Banach Algebras

 Let A be a biprojective Banach algebra, and let A-mod-A be the category of Banach A-bimodules. In this paper, for every given -mod-A, we compute all the cohomology groups . Furthermore, we give some cohomological characterizations of biprojective Banach algebras. In particular, we show that the following properties of a Banach algebra A are equivalent to its biprojectivity: (i) for all -mod -A; (ii) for all -mod-A; (iii) for all -mod-A. (Here and are, respectively, the Banach A-bimodules of left, right and double multipliers of X.) Further, if A is a biflat Banach algebra and -mod-A, we compute all the cohomology groups , where is the Banach A-bimodule dual to X. Also, we give cohomological characterizations of biflat Banach algebras. We prove that a Banach algebra A is biflat if and only if any of the following conditions is valid: (i’) for all -mod-A; (ii’) for all -mod-A; (iii’) for all -mod-A. Received 16 June 1998     

A construction of a nonparametric quantum information manifold

We present a construction of a Banach manifold structure on the set of faithful normal states of a von Neumann algebra, where the underlying Banach space is a quantum analogue of an Orlicz space. On the manifold, we introduce the exponential and mixture connections as dual pair of affine connections.     

Topological algebras with maximal regular ideals closed

It is shown that all maximal regular ideals in a Hausdorff topological algebra A are closed if the von Neumann bornology of A has a pseudo-basis which consists of idempotent and completant absolutely pseudoconvex sets. Moreover, all ideals in a unital commutative sequentially Mackey complete Hausdorff topological algebra A with jointly continuous multiplication and bounded elements are closed if the von Neumann bornology of A is idempotently pseudoconvex.     

AlgebraicK-theory of von Neumann algebras

To every von Neumann algebra, one can associate a (multiplicative) determinant defined on the invertible elements of the algebra with range a subgroup of the Abelian group of the invertible elements of the center of the von Neumann algebra. This determinant is a normalization of the usual determinant for finite von Neumann algebras of type I, for the type II₁-case it is the Fuglede-Kadison determinant, and for properly infinite von Neumann algebras the determinant is constant equal to 1. It is proved that every invertible element of determinant 1 is a product of a finite number of commutators. This extends a result of T. Fack and P. de la Harpe for II₁-factors. As a corollary, it follows that the determinant induces an injection from the algebraicK ₁-group of the von Neumann algebra into the Abelian group of the invertible elements of the center. Its image is described. Another group,K ₁ ^w (A), which is generated by elements in matrix algebras overA that induce injective right multiplication maps, is also computed. We use the Fuglede-Kadison determinant to detect elements in the Whitehead group Wh(G).Partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-9103327.     

Regularity of Segal algebras

Let A be a Banach algebra. The second dual A** can be equipped with two multiplications, each of which is a natural extension of the original multiplication in A. The algebra A is said to be Arens regular if these two multiplications coincide. We give necessary (and, for some classes of algebras, sufficient) conditions for the regularity of a Segal algebra. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the weak complete continuity of a Segal algebra.     

Extensions of Isometric Dual Representations of Semigroups

Let T be a dual representation of a suitable subsemigroup Sof a locally compact abelian group G by isometries on a dualBanach space X=(X_*)^*. It is shown that (X, T) can be extendedto a dual representation of G on a dual Banach space Y containingX, and that this extension can be done in a canonical way. Inthe case of a representation by *-monomorphisms of a von Neumannalgebra, the extension is a representation of G by *-automorphismsof a von Neumann algebra.     

Derivations into duals of ideals of Banach algebras

We introduce two notions of amenability for a Banach algebra A. LetI be a closed two-sided ideal inA, we sayA is I-weakly amenable if the first cohomology group ofA with coefficients in the dual space I* is zero; i.e.,H ¹(A, I*) = {0}, and,A is ideally amenable ifA isI-weakly amenable for every closed two-sided idealI inA. We relate these concepts to weak amenability of Banach algebras. We also show that ideal amenability is different from amenability and weak amenability. We study theI-weak amenability of a Banach algebraA for some special closed two-sided idealI.     

Algebraic properties of isometries between groups of invertible elements in Banach algebras

We prove that an isometry T between open subgroups of the invertible groups of unital Banach algebras A and B is extended to a real-linear isometry up to translation between these Banach algebras. While a unital isometry between unital semisimple commutative Banach algebras need not be multiplicative, we prove in this paper that if A is commutative and A or B are semisimple, then (T(eA))⁻¹T is extended to an isometric real algebra isomorphism from A onto B. In particular, A−1 is isometric as a metric space to B−1 if and only if they are isometrically isomorphic to each other as metrizable groups if and only if A is isometrically isomorphic to B as a real Banach algebra; it is compared by the example of ?elazko concerning on non-isomorphic Banach algebras with the homeomorphically isomorphic invertible groups. Isometries between open subgroups of the invertible groups of unital closed standard operator algebras on Banach spaces are investigated and their general forms are given.     

Calcul sous-differentiel et optimisation

Any amenable $\text{C}{}^1$ algebra is nuclear. Injective von Neumann algebras are characterized by the vanishing of their cohomology with coefficients in dual normal Banach bimodules.     

On a Banach Algebra Generated in its Multiplier Space and Applications to Locally Compact Groups

In this paper, we present a general version of the algebra A_M(G) which was introduced by B. Forrest. Indeed, for a faithful commutative Banach algebra A, we embed it in ?(A), the multiplier algebra of A, and obtain Banach algebra A_M. Then, we study the spaceability of A_M? A and A_M (G) ? ?A(G). These results give some characterizations of compactness and discreteness of locally compact groups. Also, we show that A_M(G) is an ideal in its second dual if and only if G is discrete. Finally, we study the BSE-property of A_M(G).

     

Ideal Connes-Amenability of Dual Banach Algebras

Following Runde, we define the concept of ideal Connes-amenability for dual Banach algebras. For an Arens regular dual Banach algebra \({\mathcal {A}}\), we prove that the ideal Connes-amenability of \(\mathcal {A^{**}}\), the second dual of \({\mathcal {A}}\) necessities ideal Connes-amenability of \({{\mathcal {A}}}\). As a typical example, we show that von Neumann algebras are always ideally Connes-amenable. For a locally compact group G, the Fourier–Stieltjes algebra of G is ideally Connes-amenable, but not ideally amenable.     

On the radical for some class of Banach algebras

Let A be a complex Banach algebra. It is well known that the second dual A** of A can be equipped with a multiplication that extends the original multiplication on A and makes A** a Banach algebra. We show that Rad(A) = ^⊥(A ^* · A) and Rad(A ^**) = (A ^* · A)^⊥ for some classes of Banach algebras A with scattered structure space. Some applications of these results are given.     

The Daugavet Property of C*-Algebras and Non-commutative Lp-Spaces

We prove that a C ^*-algebra A or a predual N _* of a von Neumann algebra N has the Daugavet property if and only if A (or N) is non-atomic. We also prove a similar (although somewhat weaker) result for non-commutative L _p-spaces corresponding to non-atomic von Neumann algebras.     

Commutative Abelian Galois extensions of a Banach algebra

Let A be a commutative unital Banach algebra with connected maximal ideal space X. We show that the Gelfand transform induces an isomorphism between the group of commutative Galois extensions of A with given finite Abelian Galois group, and the corresponding group of extensions of C(X). This result is applied, when X is sufficiently nice, to construct a separable projective finitely generated faithful Banach A-algebra whose maximal ideal space is a given finitely fibered covering space of X.     

Locally von Neumann algebras II

In this paper, we will prove some properties of locally von Neumann algebras. In particular, we will show that every locally von Neumann algebra is the dual of a certain locally convex space and also, we will show the existence of a polar decomposition for every element in a locally von Neumann algebra.