ESR方法检测竹红菌素的半醌负离子自由基

从顺磁共振波谱检测到通过竹红菌素的光诱导还原和基态竹红菌素跟脂肪胺的电子转移两条途径所得到的自由基信号,并由电化学还原得到同一自由基,确认它为半醌负离子自由基。竹红菌素溶液中加入芳香胺观察不到ESR信号。它的3,10位上与醌基相邻近的羟基离解以后,无论在基态还是在激发态都观察不到ESR信号。此外,还从吸收光谱观察到半醌负离子自由基吸收以及竹红菌素跟脂肪胺之间的相互作用。     

某些还原性生物分子对竹红菌甲素敏化产生^1O~2的抑制作用

存在还原性的生物分子如甲硫氨酸、尿酸和 还原性谷胱甘肽时,竹红菌甲素经受单电子还原形成甲素的半醌自由基、在去氧溶液中观察到了 甲素半醌负离子自由基的ESR信号.在充氧的溶液中检测到了超氧负离子自由基.还原剂的存在降低了单重态氧的生成并引起超氧负离子自由基的生成.     

某些还原性生物分子对竹红菌甲素敏化产生^1O~2的抑制作用

存在还原性的生物分手如甲硫氨酸、尿酸和还原性谷胱甘肽时,竹红菌甲素经受单电子还原形成甲素的半醌自由基、在去氧溶液中观察到了甲素半醌负离子自由基的ESR信号.在充氧的溶液中检测到了超氧负离子自由基.还原剂的存在降低了单重态氧的生成并引起了超氧负离子自由基的生成.     

竹红菌甲素的光化学——Ⅶ.光敏化竹红菌素的单电子还原

本文研究了在半胱氨酸和抗坏血酸的存在下光诱导的竹红菌甲素和乙素的单电子还原.通过ESR和电子吸收谱,并证实了光还原生成的甲素和乙素的半醌负离子自由基及它的质子化与歧化.通过热化学合成和电子吸收谱的对比,推断了竹红菌素经净的两电子还原所形成的亚稳态产物为3,4,9,10-四羟基(艹北)衍生物.     

竹红菌素与脂肪胺作用的研究

用ESR和纳秒级吸收光谱研究了除氧的溶液中竹红菌素(甲素简称为HA,乙素简称为HB)与脂肪胺的相互作用.在极性溶剂中,过量的脂肪胺存在时,光照前竹红菌素的吸收光谱大大红移.当体系中预先加入自旋捕获剂a-Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone(PBN),除了HA·HB·外,还检测到了PBN与胺生成的自由基的加成物的ESR信号.     

竹红菌素的13位磺化反应和反应机理

在通空气条件下,回流竹红菌甲素(HA)(或乙素,HB)和Na~2SO~3的含1%NaOH强碱性水溶性生成14-脱羟基-15-脱乙酰基竹红菌甲素-13-位磺酸钠(13-SO~3Na-DDHA)(产率30%)和另一种红色的水溶性聚合物。当这一反应在吡啶-水(1:1/V:V)混合溶剂中进行,并用CuO作氧化剂时,只得到13-SO~3Na-DDHA一种水溶性产物(70%产率)。在后一体系中,由于改变了溶剂和氧化剂,使13-SO~3Na-DDHA的制备更加便利。反应体系的ESR研究表明,这一磺化反应首先是通过竹红菌素和Na~2SO~3之间热活化的电子转移进行的。电子转移的结果产生竹红菌素半醌负离子自由基和三氧化硫负离子自由基(SO~3^-)。硝基甲烷酸式负离子猝灭实验证明,由于竹红菌素的13位能在碱性、高温下活化,磺化的关键步骤是SO~3^-对其活化了的13位的亲电进攻。氧化剂在这一反应中的作用为:将产生的竹红菌素半醌负离子自由基氧化至其母体醌,增加反应物的相对浓度,同时使竹红菌素与SO~3^2^-之间的电子转移循环进行,加速SO~3^-的产生。     

竹红菌甲素半醌自由基的变化特点

通过研究竹红菌甲素半醌负离子自由基衰减的动力学,建立了甲素半醌自由基在624nm的可见吸收强度和ESR信号强度的平行关系.在624nm的可见吸收属于甲素半醌自由基的吸收.这个研究结果对研究甲素的半醌自由基具有实用意义.讨论了还原型谷胱甘肽存在下光诱导所产生的甲素 半醒自由基的衰变特点.     

竹红菌乙素与BNAH及AcrH_2的光化学反应

BNAH与AcrH2 同为二氢吡啶类衍生物 ,但由于结构和电化学性质上的差异 ,造成了它们与竹红菌素的光化学反应历程上的差异 ,HB与BNAH的光化学反应是以电子转移为反应的初始步骤 ,吸收光谱及ESR谱均能检测到竹红菌素自由基负离子中间体HB-·.AcrH2 能以动态和静态两种方式猝灭HB的荧光 ,而在AcrH2 与HB的光化学反应过程中未能检测到竹红菌素自由基负离子中间体HB-·,1HCID NP研究表明反应的初始步骤为激发单线态1HB 夺取AcrH2 上氢原子而形成中性自由基对中间体     

水溶性竹红菌素及电子转移中间体的光谱研究

本文详细研究了水溶性竹红菌素衍生物14-脱羟基-15-脱乙酰基-竹红菌甲素-13-磺酸钠(13-SO_3Na-DDHA)及光还原产物的吸收光谱和影响因素。通过吸收光谱随pH值的变化观察到13-SO_3Na-DDHA及两电子还原产物酚羟基的分步解离,并通过实验值与理论公式相拟合分别求出了解离的pK_a。此外,还比较了13-SO_3Na-DDHA在buffer溶液和在DMF-buffer溶液中的光还原特点。测定了13-SO_3Na-DDHA半醌负离子自由基质子化和歧化的动力学性质。     

电子顺磁共振现场研究多孔电极表面自由基的电化学行为

本文建立了一套ESR-EC联合现场测试多孔电极表面顺磁粒子的方法, 并对多孔碳电极上吸附的醌化合物在电极上还原时的自由基中间产物的ESR进行了研究。首次获得了固体电极表面自由基有hfs的高分辨ESR信号。研究结果表明,醌在RB碳电极表面有多种行为各异的吸附态。在测量电位范围内, 观察到了四种吸附醌化合物是通过自由基过程还原的。其中两种通过可旋转单键吸附到碳电极表面, 给出有hfs的ESR谱; 另两种表现为各向异性ESR信号,可能是通过多个位置吸附在碳表面。     

ESR study of kinetic acidity of 6-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-triphenylmethylphenoxyl

Thermodynamic and kinetic acidities of 6-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-triphenylmethylphenoxyl during its interaction with triethylamine in toluene have been studied by ESR. It has been shown that the protolysis of this radical is a two-pathway process, since tautomeric transitions, i.e. ammonium ion migration between oxygen atoms of the semiquinone radical anion, have been detected in the reaction products, that is, in contact ion pairs of the corresponding semiquinone radicals.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No 1, pp. 81–84, January, 1993.     

Mimicking primary processes in photosynthesis—covalently linked porphyrin quinones

Porphyrin quinones (P-Qs), covalently linked via different aliphatic bridges, have been synthesized and studies in their (porphyrin) cationic and (semiquinone) anionic radical states by EPR, ENDOR and TRIPLE resonance techniques. Electron transfer (ET) from the porphyrin donor to the quinone acceptor could be observed by time-resolved picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy (singlet ET) and by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy (triplet ET) in isotropic fluid solution and in anisotropic media (liquid crystals and reversed micelles). Steady-state in situ photoexcitation of P-Qs in CTAB cationic reversed micelles yielded the corresponding semiquinone radical anions. In TRITON X-100 reversed micelles both the radical cation of the porphyrin and the radical anion of the semiquinone could be detected, which occured in complete emission. In covalently linked porphyrin flavins ET from the photoexcited porphyrin fragment to the flavin and, in addition, energy transfer from the photoexcited flavin to the porphyrin could be observed.     

Synthesis and Structure of a p-Terphenoquinone and Paramagnetic Species Derived Therefrom

3,5,3″,5″-Tetra(tert-butyl)-p-terphenoquinone ( 12b ) was synthesized and characterized by its spectroscopic and X-ray structural data. The ground state of 12b is singlet with a strong contribution of a biradical structure. Paramagnetic derivative of 12b , such as the semiquinone radical anion (12b^τ) and its O-protonated form, the phenoxy radical ( 18 ), were studied by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy.     

共轭聚合物中稳定自由基的ESR研究

通过ＥＳＲ跟踪测试，研究了３种胺类化合物与聚（Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基苯胺）（ＰＤＭＡ）中离域正离子自由基相线作用的过程，发现胺类化合物能使ＰＤＭＡ的ＥＳＲ谱形发生不同程度的劈裂，信号强度随时间的变化与胺的结构有关，说明正离子自由基与亲核试剂作用后发生了定域化转变，通过进一步比较发现ＰＤＭＡ自由基的亲电活性不如聚苯上的正离子的自由基。     

Trapping effect of eugenol on hydroxyl radicals induced by L-DOPA in vitro

Many researchers have stated that eugenol might inhibit lipid peroxidation at the stage of initiation, propagation, or both, and many attempts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of its antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, details of its mechanism are still obscure. This study was carried out to investigate the trapping effect of eugenol on hydroxyl radical generated from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in MiliQ water and the generation mechanism of the hydroxyl radical by this system which uses no metallic factor. This was studied by adding L-DOPA and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or MiliQ water, and the generation of hydroxyl radical was detected on an ESR spectrum. By this method, the effect of antioxidants was detected as a modification of ESR spectra. We found that the eugenol trapped hydroxyl radicals directly, because it had no iron chelating action, did not trap L-DOPA semiquinone radical and inhibited hydroxyl radicals with or without iron ion.     

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS—X. A SPIN-TRAPPING AND DIRECT ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDY OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF DAUNOMYCIN AND ADRIAMYCIN

Abstract— Irradiation of daunomycin (or adriamycin) and the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) at 490 nm in the presence or in the absence of air generated the hydroxyl radical adduct (DMPO-OH). The observed DMPO-OH signal was not affected by the addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol, formate), suggesting that direct trapping of the hydroxyl radical was not involved. The DMPO-OH signal was insensitive to superoxide dismutase and catalase, which ruled out the possibility of superoxide or H₂O₂ involvement. These findings demonstrate that daunomycin (or adriamycin) does not generate hydroxyl radicals or superoxide radical anions when subjected to 490-nm excitation. However, when daunomycin (or adriamycin) was irradiated at 310 nm DMPO adducts derived from two carbon-centered radicals, superoxide and the hydroxyl radical were detected. The superoxide adduct of DMPO was abolished by the addition of SOD, providing unequivocal evidence for the generation of the superoxide anion radical. The daunomycin semiquinone radical, observed upon 310-nm irradiation of daunomycin in the absence of DMPO, appears to be the precursor of the superoxide radical anion. One of the carbon-centered radicals trapped by DMPO exhibited a unique set of hyperfine parameters and was identified as an acyl radical. This suggests that the known photochemical deacylation of daunomycin occurs via a homolytic cleavage mechanism. The free radicals generated photolytically from adriamycin and daunomycin may be involved in the etiology of the skin ulceration and inflammation caused by these drugs. A knowledge of the dependence of these photogenerated radicals on the wavelength of excitation may be important in the development of adriamycin and daunomycin for photodynamic therapy.     

Stepwise vs. concerted pathways in scandium ion-coupled electron transfer from superoxide ion to p-benzoquinone derivatives

Superoxide ion (O2˙-) forms a stable 1 : 1 complex with scandium hexamethylphosphoric triamide complex [Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+)], which can be detected in solution by ESR spectroscopy. Electron transfer from O2˙- -Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) complex to a series of p-benzoquinone derivatives occurs, accompanied by binding of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) to the corresponding semiquinone radical anion complex to produce the semiquinone radical anion-Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) complexes. The 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes between semiquinone radical anions and Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) depending on the type of semiquinone radical anions were detected by ESR measurements. This is defined as Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+)-coupled electron transfer. There are two reaction pathways in the Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+)-coupled electron transfer. One is a stepwise pathway in which the binding of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) to semiquinone radical anions occurs after the electron transfer, when the rate of electron transfer remains constant with the change in concentration of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+). The other is a concerted pathway in which electron transfer and the binding of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) occurs in a concerted manner, when the rates of electron transfer exhibit first-order and second-order dependence on the concentration of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) depending the number of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) (one and two) bound to semiquinone radical anions. The contribution of two pathways changes depending on the substituents on p-benzoquinone derivatives. The present study provides the first example to clarify the kinetics and mechanism of metal ion-coupled electron-transfer reactions of the superoxide ion.