十二烷基磺酸钠增强的吡啶锉 对芘的荧光猝灭

水溶液中三种吡啶 盐(吡啶盐酸盐, HP+;N-苄基吡啶,BP^+; 苄基紫精, BV^2^+)对芘的荧光猝灭因十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)的引入而增强, 且猝灭常数对SLS浓度的敏感性BV^2^+>BP^+>HP^+, 电导实验表明体系中无簇集体形成。认为SLS与吡啶 的静电作用及表面活性剂分子中烷基链的绕曲是导致猝灭增强的原因。     

十二烷基磺酸钠增强的吡啶鎓对芘的荧光猝灭

水溶液中三种吡啶鎓盐(吡啶盐酸盐,HP~+;N-苄基吡啶,BP~+;苄基紫精,BV~(2+))对芘的荧光猝灭因十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)的引入而增强,且猝灭常数对SLS浓度的敏感性BV~(2+)>BP~+>HP~+,电导实验表明体系中无簇集体形成。认为SLS与吡啶鎓的静电作用及表面活性剂分子中烷基链的绕曲是导致猝灭增强的原因。     

烷基苄基铵对芘的荧光猝灭行为研究

广义的荧光猝灭系指所有能使荧光强度降低的物理和化学过程,但通常涉及的主要有动态猝灭和静态猝灭,二者均遵从Stern-Volmer方程,但由于猝灭作用本质不同,它们在荧光寿命变化、温度效应及吸收光谱等方面表现出差异可资区别.本文通过稳态荧光强度变化和荧光衰减速率的比较研究了具有不同烷基链长的十四烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵(Zeph)和苄基三甲基溴化铵(TMBA)对芘的荧光猝灭,并基于电导实验结果以及猝灭剂全反式构象从理论上计算了Zeph和TMBA的猝灭速率常数,讨论了荧光猝灭的性质和长链分子的构型。     

马来酸酐与二苄基马来酸酯共存体系的荧光分析法研究

本实验测定了二苄基马来酸酯甲醇溶液的荧光光谱，并发现马来酸酐对该荧光体系有猝灭作用，通过对不同马来酸酐浓度与各种浓度的二苄基马来酸酯甲醇溶液在４００ｎｍ处荧光强度数据的分析，发现马来酸酐的浓度与荧光猝灭程度在一定范围内呈良好的线型关系。据此，提出了用荧光猝灭法对马来酸酐及二苄基马来酸酯的定量分析     

亚稳分子O~2(b^1∑^+~g)猝灭反应研究

在流动余辉装置中,利用镍金属表面催化氧原子复合的方法,产生了高浓度的亚稳态O~2(b^1∑^+~g)。采用准一级近似的方法,测定了O~2(b^1∑^+~g)被15种分子猝灭的速率常数,其大小在10^-12～10^-14cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1数量级范围内,用电子－振动(E-V)能量转移模型分析了各种分子猝灭反应的机理,结果表明猝灭速率常数的大小与试剂分子中的C----H,N---H以及O-----H键的数目密切相关;同时,我们的结果也表明,分子的其它特性将对O~2(b)的猝灭反应也起着重要的作用。     

亚稳分子O~2(b^1∑^+~g)猝灭反应研究

在流动余辉装置中,利用镍金属表面催化氧原子复合的方法,产生了高浓度的亚稳态O~2(b^1∑^+~g)。采用准一级近似的方法,测定了O~2(b^1∑^+~g)被15种分子猝灭的速率常数,其大小在10^-12～10^-14cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1数量级范围内,用电子－振动(E-V)能量转移模型分析了各种分子猝灭反应的机理,结果表明猝灭速率常数的大小与试剂分子中的C----H,N---H以及O-----H键的数目密切相关;同时,我们的结果也表明,分子的其它特性将对O~2(b)的猝灭反应也起着重要的作用。     

用于测定铁离子的光化学敏感膜

光化学传感器;荧光猝灭;二苄基四甲基联苯二胺;用于测定铁离子的光化学敏感膜     

咔唑及其衍生物对 9-氰基蒽的荧光猝灭机理的研究

本文研究咔唑及其衍生物对9-氰基蒽(9CNA)的荧光猝灭机理。结果表明, 猝灭过程有以下三种方式:(1)一系列N-烷基咔唑及1,4-二咔唑丁烷、反式1,2-二咔唑环丁烷、N-苄基咔唑等对9CNA的荧光猝灭是通过形成激基复合物。(2)咔唑对9CNA的荧光猝灭是通过形成氢键。(3)1,3-二咔唑丙烷及N-痖烯基咔唑对9CNA的荧光猝灭是属于一般碰撞猝灭过程。以上所有猝灭过程主要都是来自电荷转移相互作用。另外, 还讨论了空间位阻对形成激基复合物的影响。并由稳态和动态荧光实验结果,应用Ware关于激基复合物的形成和解离的动力学公式计算出一系列光物理速率常数。     

含1-(4′-氟苄基)-2-硝基吡啶鎓离子的四氯合铜配合物的合成及晶体结构

利用CuCl2和[4′-FBz-2-NO2Py]Cl([4′-FBz-2-NO2Py]+为1-(4′-氟苄基)-2-硝基吡啶鎓离子,其中Py为吡啶)在含盐酸的甲醇中直接反应,得到了一种新的离子对配合物[4′-FBz-2-NO2Py]2[CuCl4].利用元素分析、红外光谱、电子喷雾质谱、X射线衍射等表征了其组成和结构....     

AOT反相胶束介质中敏化稀土离子荧光: 嘌呤类化合物为能量给体

研究了反相胶束体系中敏化Tb^3^+的离子荧光。在AOT/C6H12H2O反相胶束溶液中[AOT: 琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠]发生了非常有效的从茶碱的三重态到Tb^3^+的4f能层的能量转移, 并敏化稀土离子Tb^3^+产生离子荧光。而在阳离子表面活性剂CTAB形成的反相胶束体系中, 只能观察到较弱的Tb^3^+的离子荧光。表明在AOT反相胶束中Tb^3^+是键合在磺酸头基上, 有利于能量转移过程, 显著增强Tb^3^+的离子荧光。通过发光光谱和寿命测量, 详细讨论了AOT浓度和水泡大小(W值)等对敏化离子荧光的影响, 表明与Tb^3^+离子水合的水分子的高频OH振动猝灭Tb^3^+的离子发光, 该猝灭过程属静态猝灭。在较低的AOT浓度和较小的W值下, 可观察到较强的Tb^3^+离子荧光, 并建立了AOT反相胶束中五种嘌呤类化合物的分析方法, 检出限在8.0×10^-^9～8.0×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3之间。     

Cobalt Ion‐Mediated Cysteine Detection With a Hyperbranched Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as a New Sensing Platform

A highly efficient colorimetric and fluorescence turn‐off probe for the sensitive and selective detection of the biologically important amino acid, cysteine (Cys), is demonstrated using a newly synthesized water‐soluble hyperbranched polymer (HP) containing sulfonic acid groups. The detection mechanism involves two steps: (i) the slight quenching of HP in the presence of Co²⁺ in advance; and (ii) the gradual quenching of the HP–Co²⁺ complex according to the concentration of Cys due to the absorption screening effect of the formation of the Cys‐Co²⁺ complex, which prevents HP from absorbing excitation energy.     

Determination of environmentally important metal ions by fluorescence quenching in anionic micellar solution

This work describes the effect of a variety of metal ions as quenchers of the fluorescence of naphthalene, in aqueous micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The quenching by the metal ions can be adequately described by the Stern-Volmer equation and the best signal to noise ratios are obtained with low micellized detergent concentrations. Apparent Stern-Volmer constants decrease in the order: Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Cr3+ > Ni2+ and directly reflect the relative sensitivity of the method for these ions. Detection limits (defined as three times the standard deviation of the blank for n= 10) for the fluorescence quenching of naphthalene by the metal ions in aqueous micellar SDS are in the range of 1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol dm(-3). The proposed fluorescence quenching method shows good repeatibility for a variety of added quencher metal ions, indicating that anionic micelle-enhanced fluorescence quenching by metal ions constitutes an analytical method of rather general application.     

TYPE I AND TYPE II MECHANISMS IN THE PHOTOSENSITIZED LYSIS OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LIPOSOMES BY HEMATOPORPHYRIN

Abstract The lysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes was sensitized to visible light (>500nm) by hematoporphyrin (HP) incorporated in the liposomes (0.09-1.5%, wt/wt) or in the external buffer (1-15 μM). The lytic mechanism changed from the Type II pathway mediated by singlet oxygen (¹O₂) at low HP concentrations to the anoxic, Type I pathway at high HP concentrations. Spectral measurements of HP in aqueous and organic solvents indicate that the HP was not aggregated (monomers and/or dimers) for Type II sensitization and aggregated for Type I conditions. High concentrations of azide (>0.1 M) or DABCO (>0.5 M) were protective with high HP concentration under oxic and anoxic conditions, which cannot involve the scavenging of ¹O₂. Feasible protective mechanisms are quenching of the HP triplet state by high azide and repair of the damaged membrane by DABCO via an electron transfer process. There was significant protection against lysis under Type I conditions by low concentrations of ferricyanide (>1 mM), indicative of an electron transfer mechanism. The incorporation of 22 mol % cholesterol in PC liposomes with 1% HP had no effect on the lytic efficiency for oxic and anoxic conditions. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes incorporating 1% HP showed negligible photosensitized lysis at 50°C compared with PC liposomes with 1% HP at 25°C. The promotion of photosensitized lysis by hydrodynamic agitation observed in prior work with methylene blue (Grossweiner and Grossweiner, 1982) was significant with HP sensitization for both Type I and Type II conditions. Actinometry with PC liposomes incorporating 1% HP indicated that photosensitized lysis was very inefficient, requiring many absorbed quanta per lysed liposome. Preliminary experiments with crude hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) showed similar concentration effects on lytic efficiency, where PC liposomes incorporating 0.1% (wt/wt) Hpd were strongly sensitized by oxygen, whereas sensitization by oxygen was insignificant with 3.1% Hpd. The results with HP and crude Hpd indicate that lytic damage in a biomembrane does not necessarily require oxygenation.     

Terbium hybrid particles with spherical shape as luminescent probe for detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ in water

A novel green emissive terbium inorganic-polymeric hybrid particle was designed and this material could detect cations in water. Polyvinyl alcohol as an amphiphilic surfactant rendered the powders dispersible in water with regular round shape (10-20 μm). Interestingly, we noticed that not only Cu(2+) (detection limit 10(-4)M) but also Fe(3+) (detection limit 10(-4) M) can give rise to emission quenching to this target material in comparison with K(+), Na(+), Fe(2+), Mn(2+), Pd(2+), Cd(2+) and Co(2+) (10(-3) mol L(-1)). We regarded that the coordination interactions between ligand and metal ions resulted in these quenching processes. Additionally, it was found that the sensing material can be repeatedly used at least 5 cycles. More importantly, this novel material demonstrated higher thermal-stability in aqueous media than pure silica hybrid material.     

Effects of polymer aggregation and quencher size on amplified fluorescence quenching of conjugated polyelectrolytes

The fluorescence of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) is efficiently quenched by low concentrations of quenchers with opposite charges. We have reported the close correlation between this amplified quenching phenomenon and CPE chain aggregation. In this paper, we further demonstrate the profound correlation between the fluorescence quenching efficiency, CPE chain aggregation, and quencher molecular size. Aggregation of a poly(phenylene ethynylene)-type CPE (PPE-CO2-) is induced by the addition of either water or Ca2+ to methanol solution, as indicated by absorption, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence microscope measurements. For quencher ions with a small molecular size, such as methyl viologen (MV2+), either the loose (induced by the addition of Ca2+) or the compact (induced by the addition of water) CPE chain aggregates are beneficial to the fluorescence quenching. For quencher ions with large molecular size, such as tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium (Ru(dpp)32+), however, the loose chain aggregates are found to be favorable for quenching, while the quenching efficiency is lower for the compact polymer aggregates present in aqueous solution.     

A new ion sensor based on fiber optics

A fluorimetric ion sensor based on fiber optics has been developed that employs Rhodamine 6G hydrophobically and electrostatically "trapped" on a Nafion film. The sensor is based on the measurement of quenching or enhancement of the Rhodamine 6G fluorescence by various ions. It was found that ions such as Co(2+), Cr(3+), Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+) and NH(+)(4) rapidly quench the Rhodamine 6G fluorescence at an initial rate that depends on the concentration of the ion. This quenching is then readily reversed by the addition of "reverser" ions such as H(+), Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Ba(2+), Ca(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+) and Mg(2+). Again, the initial rate for the attainment of the original fluorescence was found to depend on the concentration of the reverser ion. Therefore, by monitoring the quenching directly the concentration of quencher ions can be determined. In addition, by loading the film with quencher and monitoring the initial rate of return towards the original baseline signal, it is possible to determine non-quenching ions.     

MIGRATION OF EXCITATION ENERGY FROM THIONINE TO METHYLENE BLUE IN MICELLES

Abstract— The main absorption bands of thionine (Th⁺) and methylene blue (MB⁺) in aqueous solution lie at 598 nm and 664 nm, respectively. This position permits excitation energy transfer from Th⁺ to MB⁺, but not vice versa. We describe here studies of such transfer between these molecules adsorbed on micelles of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), imitating, at least to some extent, the state of pigments in chloroplasts.
The SLS concentration was varied from 3.0 to 11 × 10^-3 M. In the presence of dye, aggregation to micelles, each containing 70–100 detergent molecules, begins at about 3.0 × 10^-3 M SLS. Practically all dye ions are adsorbed on these micelles as soon as their formation begins.
Energy transfer from adsorbed Th⁺ ions to adsorbed MB⁺ ions can be demonstrated by observing the quenching of the fluorescence of thionine and the sensitization of that of methylene blue.
At [Th⁺] = [MB⁺] = 1 × 10^-5 M , the most efficient energy transfer (82 per cent efficiency, as derived from measurements of the quenching of Th⁺ fluorescence, or 90 per cent, as derived from sensitization of MB⁺ fluorescence) is observed at the lowest SLS-concentration (3.0 × 10^-3 M ), when the only micelles present are those formed by aggregation of dye-carrying low molecular complexes of SLS with dye cations. Each micelle carries, under these conditions, 10–14 molecules of the two dyes, and the distance between two closest dye ions is about 16 A. Transfer becomes less efficient as the SLS-concentration increases, causing pigment molecules to distribute themselves among a greater number of micelles.     

A rationally designed novel receptor for probing cooperative interaction between metal ions and bivalent tryptophan side chain in solution

Cooperative interactions between metal ions and bivalent tryptophan side chain are identified in water by fluorescence quenching of a designed novel receptor, EDTA-bis(L-tryptophan methyl ester), supplemented by a circular dichroism study; results revealed that the receptor is capable of distinguishing a variety of metal ions on the basis of their abilities in quenching tryptophan fluorescence and the relative magnitude of these interactions is Cu2+ approximately Fe2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+ > La3+ > Al3+.     

含磷酰杂菲侧基的苯乙烯衍生物聚集诱导发光特性及其在过渡金属离子检测中的应用

以2-(6-氧化-6-氢-二苯基(c,e)<1,2>氧杂磷酰基)-1,4-二羟基苯(ODOPB) 为中心结构单元, 通过两步酯化反应, 在两侧分别引入4-戊氧基苯甲酰基和4-乙烯基苯甲酰基, 得到苯乙烯衍生物(MED).由于磷酰杂菲基团的大π共轭结构和极性共同作用, 使得形成聚集体后分子内转动受到限制, 降低了非辐射去活效率, 使 MED在达到一定聚集程度时, 荧光强度成倍增加, 呈现出聚集诱导发光增强(AIEE) 特性. 同时, Pt²⁺, Ru³⁺, Fe³⁺的加入对MED有显著的猝灭效果; 而Fe²⁺只是在形成聚集体过程中才有猝灭效果.     

六氰合铁酸铜钴薄膜修饰铂电极的电化学、XRD及XPS研究

采用循环伏安法在铂电极上电聚合了六氰合铁酸铜钴薄膜,并用电化学、XRD 和XPS对该薄膜进行了表征。研究表明此薄膜属于取代型的多核六氰合铁酸盐,由 Cu~(2+),Co~(2+)和Fe~(2+)共同占据晶格格点。通过改变Cu~(2+),Co~(2+)和 Fe~(3+)在沉积液中的比例可以改变聚合膜的性质。随沉积液中Cu~(2+)含量的增加 ,聚合膜中铜的含量相应增加而晶格常数则逐渐减小,但保持着面心立方的晶格对 称性。当沉积液中Cu~(2+):Co~(2+):Fe~(3+) = 1:1:2时,得到的聚合膜具有比较 典型的性质,该薄膜修饰的铂电极在pH 4～10之间均能保持着稳定的电化学响应。 其对一价阳离子的选择性顺序为K~+ > Li~+ > Na~+ > NH_4~+,与单组分的六氰铁 酸酮和六氰合铁酸钴都存在着较大的差别。XPS实验表明氧化态薄膜中铁元素以Fe (III)存在,并且在X射线的照射下很快转化为Fe(II)。