甾体植物生长调节剂的合成 XXIII.从猪去氧胆酸立体选择性合成牡蛎甾醇和油菜甾醇

牡蛎甾醇和油菜甾醇是从猪去氧胆酸所得的20-碳醛6为起始物,各经六步反应合成的,总产率分别为48-57%和52-54%.合成的关键步骤是Claisen重排反应.     

甾体植物生物调节剂的合成XXⅢ.'从猪去氧胆酸立体选择性合成牡蛎甾醇和油菜甾醇

牡蛎甾醇和油菜甾醇是从猪去氧胆酸所犁20-碳醛为起始物,各经六步反应合成的,总产率分别为48-57%和52-54%.合成的关键步骤是Claisen重排反应.     

25,26,27-三失碳-B-高-7-氧-6-酮-5α-胆甾-3α,24-二醇的合成

本文报道以3α-羟基-6-羰基-5α-胆烷酸甲酯(3)为原料经六步反应合成了油菜甾醇类似物25,26,27-三失碳-B-高-7-氧-6-酮-5α-胆甾-3α,24-二醇(9a).总产率14%.9a的促进植物生长作用是24-表油菜甾醇内酯的60%.     

24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β,19-二醇的合成

从豆甾醇出发,通过10步反应,合成得到具有显著细胞毒活性的24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β,19-二醇(1),总产率为16%.目标产物1的熔点、[α]值和波谱数据与天然产物一致.化合物1的合成是首次报道,它对人体鼻咽癌(CN2)和胃癌(Mgc803)细胞有显著抑制活性.     

甾体植物生长激素合成的研究V: 甾体醛与3-甲基丁烯-2-内酯醛醇反应的立体化学

研究了甾体醛与3-甲基丁烯-2-内酯的醇醛缩合反应的温度与产物的立体化学的关系. 这一反应是合成油菜甾醇内酯植物生长激素边链的关键. 结果发现-78℃是这一醇醛缩合反应的最佳反应温度.     

甾体不对称合成的研究 14.两个光学活性甾体CD环合成原的新法合成

光学活性甾体CD环合成原1a和2a可分别从3a和3b制得.我们已从γ-羰基亚砜5合成了光学活性合成原4.本文报道从一个新的成环试剂7b与2-乙基-环戊烷-1,3-二酮反应得到的三酮硫醚8a来合成2b和4. 二噻烷6a经羟乙基化(n-BuLi,CH_2CH_2O,THF)、水解(HgCl_2-CaCO_3,80％ CH_3CN-     

甾体肟醚化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

肟醚类化合物往往表现出很好的杀虫、除草、抗菌、抗病毒以及抗肿瘤等生理活性,因而受到人们的广泛关注.从胆甾醇、豆甾醇出发,通过不同的合成路线,制备得到系列3-取代、6-取代及22-取代甲氧基肟醚和苄氧基肟醚甾体化合物,通过IR、NMR及MS等现代分析方法对合成物进行了结构表征.同时,分别采用人胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)、人肝癌细胞(Bel-7404)和鼻咽癌细胞(CNE-2)对合成产物及部分合成中间体进行了体外抑制肿瘤细胞生长增殖活性研究.结果表明,某些具有22-取代结构的甲氧肟醚及苄氧肟醚甾体化合物对这些肿瘤细胞株表现出较好的抑制活性,其中22-降-3β-羟基-22-苄氧肟基-豆甾-6-缩胺硫腙(15)对人鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2的IC50值为5.7μmol/L.     

C-去甲-D-高甾烷的合成工艺改进

以海可吉宁为原料,经乙酰化反应制得海可吉宁乙酸酯(2);2用硼氢化钠还原得到C12-羟基化合物(3);3与对甲苯磺酰氯反应成酯得化合物(4);4经重排反应合成了具有异甾环骨架的烯烃化合物(5),总收率62.6%. 5的结构经1H NMR, MS和IR表征.用正交实验优化了3的合成工艺,使3的收率达95.2%;考察了重排反应溶剂对环内双键[5a(Δ17a(18)-olefin)]和环外双键[5b(Δ13(17a)-olefin)]异构体比例的影响,结果表明,以无水吡啶为溶剂时,5的收率达到86.1%,且5a含量达到100%.     

甾体植物生长调节剂的研究——ⅩⅦ.高油菜甾醇内酯和(22_s,23_s)-22,23-表-高油菜甾醇内酯的新法合成

高油菜甾醇内酯(2)和(22s,23_s)-22,23-表-高油菜甾醇内酯(4)是以大豆固醇为原料经七步反应合成的,2和4的比例为1:5,2和4的总产率分别为4.7％和24.1％。合成的关键步骤是用高区域选择性反应造成B-高-7-氧-6-酮的结构单元。     

B-失碳-3,5-环谷甾烷-6-羟基-6-甲酸及B-失碳-3,5-环谷甾烷-6-酮的合成

油菜甾醇内酯(brassinolide,1)是从油菜花粉中分离到的一种新型高效植物生长激素.自1979年确定其结构以来,一些实验室先后成功地进行了合成.尽管这些合成路线各有特点,但在B环内酯的建立上,大都采用了Baeyer-Villiger方法氧化6-酮化合物的路线;该方法在生成预期的B-高6-酮-7-氧化合物的同时,得到了约15％的7-酮-6-氧化合物异构体.     

Studies with dithizone--XII. Formation of thiadiazolines by condensation with aldehydes and ketones

The red colour that develops when mineral acids are added to solutions of dithizone (I; 3-mercapto-1,5-diphenylformazan) in certain samples of dioxan is mainly due to the formation of 2-methyl-3-phenyl-5-phenylazo-1,3,4-thiadiazoline (II) derived in part from adventitious traces of 2-methyldioxalane. A purple compound of molecular formula C(13)H(10)N(4)S is also formed from (I) by an independent and slower reaction. The thiadiazoline (II) is readily prepared from (I) and acetaldehyde, but analogous compounds from formaldehyde benzaldehyde, acetone and ethyl methyl ketone are obtained in better yield by starting from diphenylthiocarbazide. Di-p-tolyldithizone gives similar reactions. Reduction of the thiadiazoline (II) [which has spectra very closely resembling those of 1:1 complexes of (I) with arylmercury (II) cations] with ammonium hydrogen sulphide in ethanol yields diphenylthiocarbazide by opening of the hetero-ring and elimination of an alkyl residue from the intermediate 3-alkylmercapto-1,5-diphenylformazan. Other examples of nucleophilic displacements from the formazan group by SH(-) have been investigated.     

以(+)-樟脑缩苄胺作中间体对映选择合成(R)-α-取代苄胺

本文报道以(+)-樟脑作手性助剂, 苄胺为原料, 二者缩合制得的酮亚胺作中间体3,不对称合成(R)-α-取代苄胺(7)的一条有效新途径。化合物3用丁基锂去质子化提供的锂衍生物4和卤代烷反应, 以较高立体选择性产生烷基化产物6, 化合物6用醋酸羟胺转氨反应后, 获得了光学产率为4.6-90%的(R)-α-取代苄胺(7), 以肟的形式回收(+)-樟脑。     

Optically active hydrocarbon polymers with aromatic side chains. II. Poly-(S)-p-sec-butylstyrene

The synthesis of optically active p-sec-butylstyrene (I) has been carried out starting with (S)-2-phenylbutane (II) having optical purity 88–91%. The optical purity of I thus obtained was found to be 73–75%. The polymerization of I with stereospecific coordinated anionic catalysts gave amorphous polymers, as in the case of many other p-substituted styrene derivatives. The fractions obtained from these polymers have very similar rotatory power at 589 nm which is practically equal to that of polymer of I obtained by nonstereospecific radical initiator and of low molecular weight structural models. Accordingly the ¹L_b electronic transition of the aromatic chromophore shows a very low rotatory strength in all samples examined. This result is related to the lack in solution of conformations with a predominant single chirality of the main chain of the macromolecules derived from I.     

General strategy for the synthesis of B1 phytoprostanes, dinor isoprostanes, and analogs

The synthesis of the phytoprostane B1 types I and II is achieved in high overall yield (35-53%) by only two principal transformations starting from 1,3-cyclopentanedione. The first side chain is attached via O-acylation of the 1,3-dione followed by rearrangement and reduction to give the 2-alkyl-1,3-diones 4a-c. After conversion into the corresponding vinylic iodides 5a-c, the second side chain is introduced by transition metal catalysis following Heck- or Sonogashira-type protocols. The whole spectrum of the phytoprostane B1 types I, II, and the dinor isoprostane B1 type III and some structural analogs are rapidly accessible along the same general protocol.     

三环型吗啡类似物合成的新方法

本文报道4,6-二羟基-9bβ-N-甲基苯乙胺乙基六氢双苯骈呋喃(1)的合成路线。以芳基取代的环己烯醇(2)为原料, 经重排、环氧化、环合、还原、磺酰化、取代和脱保护等九步反应, 1的总产率为46%。     

A flexible synthesis of the phytoprostanes B1 type I and II

Syntheses of the enantiomerically pure phytoprostanes B(1) type I and II are described starting from furfural and n-propylfuran. Key steps include the preparation of the Freimanis (+/-)-hydroxycyclopentenone and Wittig coupling using chiral phosphonium salts.     

3-O-Methyl-6-desoxy-D-allose. Desoxyzucker, 38. Mitteilung

3-O-Methyl-6-deoxy-D -allose (V) and its methyl β-D -pyranoside (IV) have been synthesized and obtained in a crystalline state, although in low yield, starting from methyl 6-deoxy-β-D -allopyranoside (I) via the 2,4-di-O-benzoyl derivative II.     

昆虫性信息的结构鉴定与合成 XXVII: (5R, 6S)-(-)-及(5S, 6R)-(+)-淡色库蚊产卵引诱性信息素的立体选择性合成与手性亚砜不对称加成的立体化学

从R-(-)-正十三烯-3-醇2所得的R-(+)-醛5, 与R-(+)亚砜化合物6的不对称醇醛缩合得7a和7b(30:1). 7a经一系列转化得1a, 从(5S, 6R)-14出发, 经两次构型翻转[5S,6R)-15→(5S, 6S)-16和(5S, 6S)-17→(5R, 6S)-14], 得1a的对映体1b. 光学活性α-苄氧基醛5与手性亚砜的不对称醇醛缩合, 受手性亚砜的1,3-不对称诱导控制, 而不是受醛5的1,2-不对称诱导控制.     

Influence and role of metal ions in enzymatic catalysis with e.c. 1.2.3.2. xanthine oxidase Application to trace analysis

The effect of metal ions on the reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the catalytic conversion of xanthine into uric acid has been studied spectrophotometrically in Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4, 37 +/- 0.1 degrees and ionic strength 0.04M. Some metal ions display inhibitor properties, the sequence of inhibiting efficiency being Ag(I) > Hg(II) > Cu(II) > Cr(VI) > V(V) > Au(III) > Tl(I) and for these the I(50) values were determined. Only Tl(I), V(V) and Cu(II) showed reversible inhibition and therefore for these the mechanisms were assessed [competitive for V(V) and Tl(I); uncompetitive for Cu(II)]. The conditional inhibition constants (K(i)) were also determined. The effect of EDTA for protection of the enzyme against metal inhibition, and for its reactivation after inhibition, was also investigated. Utilization of the linear relationship between relative enzyme activity and inhibitor concentration allowed sensitive and selective (though not specific) determination of Ag(I) and Hg(II) (10(-9)-10(-8)M), and of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) (10(-7)-10(-6)M), the maximum relative error being +/- 4%. For a few metal ions, e.g., Ag(I) and Cr(VI), in the presence of EDTA, a certain specificity is observed.     

反,反,顺-2,4,7-十四碳三烯与单重态氧的反应

Nugtern等人关于不饱和酯肪酸经自动氧化生成少量具有生物活性的前列腺素类似物的报道,为人工非酶仿生合成前列腺素开辟了新途径.Sammuelsson认为,在生物体中合成前列腺素过程中生成的双环过氧化物,类似于单重态氧与1,4-二烯反应的产物.Mihelich