物理教学中培养创新能力的途径

从科学方法渗透、鼓励学生质疑、发散思维的训练、解决实际问题的能力训练、实验教学的改革等方面阐述了在物理教学中培养创新能力的途径.     

Digital Studies and Perspectives for N-Body Modelling in Physics

In 1977, Richard Feynman, in an invited lecture at the national APS meeting, stated unequivocally that quantum mechanical principles placed few important restrictions on how a stable atom can be held in place, and, indeed, a stable atom on the whole has a comparatively definite position fixed by its comparatively massive nucleus. In this spirit, N-body problems are studied using molecules and classical molecular potentials and also using collections of molecules, called particles, with related potentials derived through conservation of mass and energy. Detailed applications include primary vortex flow and turbulent flow for both water vapor and air, soliton collision, and the motion of a top on a smooth surface. Other applications, like microdrop collision, stress of a slotted copper plate, contact angle of adhesion, cellular self-reorganiztion, the bounce of an elastic ball, and elastic snap-through are mentioned and referenced appropriately. Lastly, numerical methodology is developed which preserves the physics of special relativity and is applied to simulate a relativistic oscillator.     

在物理课堂上对教材内容的情感性处理的探讨

情感和认知在历史上往往被人为地分离开来，从而忽略了学习者内隐的情感需求。本文从物理教学的现实出发，结合心理学、生理学和教学的普遍规律，讨论了在物理课堂上对教材进行情感性处理的必要性，并初步提出几项措施。     

一部美国现行物理教材的分析

在新课程体系中，国家课程标准的制定和课程目标的确立是我国新世纪基础教育课程改革系统工程的重要“枢纽”，体现了新课程所倡导的基本理念，为新课程的实施、管理和评价提供了指针．因此，物理课程标准随着新一轮基础教育改革的开展有了崭新的课程基本理念．它在课程目标上注重提高全体学生的科学素养；在课程结构上重视基础，     

关于大学物理教材建设的几点建议

在对美国教材与国内教材分析比较的基础上,借鉴其教材建设中的成功之处,给出了大学物理教材建设的几点建议.     

Three Different Approaches to the Same Interaction: The Yukawa Model in Nuclear Physics

After a brief discussion of the meaning of the potential in quantum mechanics, we shall examine the results of the Yukawa model (scalar meson exchange) for the nucleon-nucleon interaction in three different dynamical frameworks: the non-relativistic dynamics of the Schrodinger equation, the relativistic quantum mechanics of the Bethe–Salpeter and Light-Front equations and the lattice solution of the Quantum Field Theory, obtained in the quenched approximation.     

放射性束在固体物理和材料科学中的应用

回顾了放射性核素在固体物理和材料科学中的应用,并对高能放射性束流的应用前景作了展望．The application of radioactive isotopes to solid state physics and material science is reviewed and the perspectives with high energy radioactive ion beams are discussed.     

一种对物理问题进行数值求解的新方法

用计算机对物理问题进行数值求解,一般采用C语言编程的方法实现[1].这种方法在使用时,存在两个问题:其一是编程工作量大,费时费力;其二是程序的普适性较差,当物理问题的初始条件改变时,需对原程序进行修改.Matlab语言为解决这一问题提供了新的方法.Matlab语言友好的人机界面,简便灵活的操作平台,实用而又齐全的功能,为我们提供了一个良好的工具.     

Timeless Configuration Space and the Emergence of Classical Behavior

The inherent difficulty in talking about quantum decoherence in the context of quantum cosmology is that decoherence requires subsystems, and cosmology is the study of the whole Universe. Consistent histories gave a possible answer to this conundrum, by phrasing decoherence as loss of interference between alternative histories of closed systems. When one can apply Boolean logic to a set of histories, it is deemed ‘consistent’. However, the vast majority of the sets of histories that are merely consistent are blatantly nonclassical in other respects, and further constraints than just consistency need to be invoked. In this paper, I attempt to give an alternative answer to the issues faced by consistent histories, by exploring a timeless interpretation of quantum mechanics of closed systems. This is done solely in terms of path integrals in non-relativistic, timeless, configuration space. What prompts a fresh look at such foundational problems in this context is the advent of multiple gravitational models in which Lorentz symmetry is not fundamental, but only emergent. And what allows this approach to overcome previous barriers to a timeless, conditional probabilities interpretation of quantum mechanics is the new notion of records—made possible by an inherent asymmetry of configuration space. I outline and explore consequences of this approach for foundational issues of quantum mechanics, such as the natural emergence of the Born rule, conservation of probabilities, and the Sleeping Beauty paradox.     

The Discovery of the Tau Lepton and the Changes in Elementary-Particle Physics in Forty Years

I describe the discovery of the tau lepton in the 1970s using the SPEAR electron-positron collider and the SLAC-LBL detector of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. I also describe the subsequent verification of the existence of the tau lepton and its leptonic nature by experiments at SPEAR and at the DORIS electron-positron collider at DESY. As a preliminary to the tau discovery I discuss how I became a physicist and became interested in leptons. This history of the discovery of the tau allows me to give a general picture of the high-energy physics world of forty years ago and to discuss the changes that have occurred in the practice of high-energy physics over these forty years.Martin L. Perl is a professor, experimenter, and group leader at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center of Stanford University. In 1995 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the tau lepton.     

The Notion of Order in Mathematics and Physics. Similarity, Difference and Indistinguishability

The notion of order as a universal and fundamental conceptual category is discussed as being based on sets of similar differences and different similarities. A discussion of relationships between order and disorder is followed by a proposal for a mathematical theory based on non-ordinality which could also have relevance for indistinguishables in physics.     

三阶非线性光学材料及其表征技术研究进展

介绍三阶非线性光学材料及其表征技术的研究进展。分析几种典型的三阶非线性光学材料及今后的发展趋势，指出介质物理材料的非线性光学特性将成为今后的研究热点。随着表征技术研究的进一步拓展，准波导技术将可能作为一种新的表征技术应用于非线性光学材料研究中。     

高阶辛算法的稳定性与数值色散性分析

利用Maxwell方程的哈密尔顿函数,导出对应的欧拉-哈密尔顿方程.利用辛积分技术与高阶交错差分技术,建立求解三维时域Maxwell方程的高阶辛算法;结合电磁场中的物理概念,借助矩阵分析和张量分析理论,获得高阶时域方法及高阶辛算法的稳定性和数值色散性的统一处理新方法.用数值结果证实方法的正确性,与FDTD算法和其它时域高阶方法相比,高阶辛算法具有较大的计算优势,为电磁计算提供了新的途径.     

从2020年高考物理试题看命题新变化——对近几年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ的分析与思考

2017年新课程标准修订以后,高考理综全国卷Ⅱ的试题内容及分布开始逐渐发生变化.文章通过比较近几年高考理综全国卷Ⅱ试题,在考查内容、考查形式等方面挖掘今年的命题新变化,并对其变化原因做相应的分析,为今后高考复习提供建议.     

怎样在没有开设量子力学的材料系上好固体物理课

根据多年从事固体物理和大学物理的教学实践, 总结了在没有开设量子力学和量子统计的材料学专 业, 上好固体物理课所采取的方法     

New Semiclassical and Numerical Approaches to Locate Zeros of Wave Functions

A new semiclassical method is presented for evaluating zeros of wave functions. In this method, locating zeros of the wave functions of Schrodinger equation is converted to finding roots of a polynomial. The coefficients of this polynomial are evaluated using WKB and semi quantum action variable methods. For certain potentials WKB expressions for moments are obtained exactly. Almost explicit formulae for moments are obtained for the potential V(x)=x^N. Examples are given to illustrate both methods. Using semi quantum action variable method, complex zeros of the wave functions of the PT symmetric complex system V(x)=x^4 iAx are obtained. These zeros exhibit complex version of in terlacing.     

反应堆高阶κ本征方程数值计算方法的改进

针对反应堆高阶κ-本征方程数值计算问题，提出了提高计算效率和计算精度的改进方法，并以一维问题为例，对该方法进行了验证。The solution methods for the higher order oped yet in the nuclear reactor engineering. Based on harmonics and higher order eigenvalues are not well develthe analysis of the convergence process of power iteration, a new approach for setting the starting values of higher order harmonic flux has been proposed. The results of numerical tests demonstrate that the proposed method could effectively improve the efficiency of calculations of higher order harmonics. In addition, a new type of criterion that judges the convergence of higher order harmonics dynamically has been proposed, it has been verified that the new convergence criterion could effectively prevent the buildup of numerical errors introduced in the solution of lower order harmonics in the solution of higher order harmonics.     

原料加入顺序对制备Cu/Ag纳米粒子的影响

以硫酸铜为原料制备纳米级铜粉,再用化学还原法沉积生长Ag包覆层,制备Cu/Ag复合纳米粒子,使用紫外吸收光谱法监测反应过程.结果表明.加料方式对Cu粒子的粒径会产生影响,向水合肼中滴加聚乙烯吡咯烷铜与硫酸铜的混合液能制得粒径均匀的铜纳米粒子.同时,使用向聚乙烯吡咯烷铜与硫酸铜的混合液中滴加水合肼方法制得Cu2O继而得到...