Luminescence investigations of cubic boron nitride doped with beryllium

The cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectra of cubic boron nitride doped with beryllium under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are investigated. It is revealed that, upon doping of cubic boron nitride with beryllium, the cathodoluminescence spectra exhibit a broad stable band. An increase in the impurity content leads to a shift in the position of the maximum of this band toward the short-wavelength range from ～315 to ～250 nm and to a change in the crystal color from dark yellow to blue. The structure, the intensity, and the position of the band at the maximum are studied as a function of the temperature of the cathodoluminescence measurement. The nature of the band is tentatively interpreted in the framework of the model of recombination at defects of the donor and acceptor types. It is assumed that several overlapping subbands which are associated with differently charged acceptor levels of beryllium are located in the vicinity of the valence band in the electronic structure of the doped cubic boron nitride. It is found that the photoluminescence spectra of single crystals of the doped cubic boron nitride contain three previously unknown zero-phonon lines at energies of 2.135, 2.270, and 2.600 eV.     

Heteronuclear double resonance study of pentafluorobenzene

The electronic absorption spectrum of solid Würster's blue perchlorate in the low temperature phase was measured at various temperatures, special attention being paid to the first π* ← π transition band of the monomer at ～ 600 mμ. The isosbestic points were clearly found for the spectral curves measured at several different temperatures, showing the coexistence of two transition bands in this wavelength region. By analysing the temperature dependence of the absorption intensity and by comparing the result with E.S.R. data, these two bands were interpreted as the singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet absorption bands originating from the ground singlet state and the thermally accessible triplet state, respectively. A similar result was obtained for the 260 mμ band. The present results can be interpreted by the dimer model for the low temperature phase of Würster's blue perchlorate but are inconsistent with the disproportionation mechanism for the phase transition.

The singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet transition bands were separately obtained for each of the 600 mμ and 260 mμ bands from analysis of the temperature dependence; the singlet-triplet separation in the corresponding excited states is 310±80 cm^-1 and 530±200 cm^-1, respectively, with the triplet state at lower energy.     

S1 and S2 excited States of gas-phase Schiff-base retinal chromophores

Photoabsorption studies of 11-cis and all-trans Schiff-base retinal chromophore cations in the gas phase have been performed at the electrostatic ion storage ring in Aarhus. A broad absorption band due to the optically allowed excitation to the first electronically excited singlet state (S1) is observed at around 600 nm. A second "dark" excited state (S2) just below 400 nm is reported for the first time. It is located approximately 1.2 eV above S1 for both chromophores. The S2 state was not visible in a solution measurement where only one highly blueshifted absorption band corresponding to the first excited state was visible. Knowledge of the position of the excited states in retinal is essential for the understanding of the fast photoisomerization in, for example, visual pigments.     

A study of beryllium-hydrogencomplexes in silicon

Single-crystal silicon, containing the impurity beryllium, has been doped with hydrogen, using two different techniques. Some samples were implanted with 3 MeV protons as a hydrogen source, and others were heated in a hydrogen atmosphere up to temperatures of 1000°C. Infrared absorption spectra of these samples at low temperatures have revealed two new series of absorptions identified as acceptor levels 91 meV and about 73 meV above the valence band. Quenching and annealing studies indicate that these absorptions are due to beryllium-hydrogen pairs, a direct analog to the beryllium-lithium pairs. Also a new series of absorptions has been found in samples which have a very high beryllium concentration. These lines at 298, 324 and 345 cm^?1 disappear after short anneals at elevated temperatures and are believed to be an acceptor level associated with a more complex beryllium center.     

γ射线辐照与O2退火对Bi∶CdWO4单晶体光谱性能的影响

用500和800℃,在氧气下,对掺Bi钨酸镉晶体进行热退火处理,测定了处理后晶体的吸收光谱与发射光谱。随退火处理温度的升高晶体的吸收强度降低,吸收边带发生蓝移。在373与980nm的光激发下,分别观察到发光中心为528nm的CdWO4晶体本征发光与发光中心为1 078nm的Bi 5+发光。晶体样品通过高温氧气处理,发光中心为528nm的荧光带强度增强,但发光中心为1 078nm的荧光带强度变弱。这可能是由于氧退火使Bi 5+转化成Bi 3+所致。经退火处理后,晶体的颜色逐渐变浅,透光率明显提高,这是由于晶体中氧空位减少所致。经γ射线辐照处理后,528nm处的发光增强,而1 078nm处的发光减弱,这可能是由于γ射线辐照后导致Bi 5+变成Bi 3+。     

2(水杨醛缩苯胺)-(1,10-邻菲罗啉)合钙的光谱特性

合成了一种新型的蓝光发射材料2(水杨醛缩苯胺)-(1,10-邻菲罗啉)合钙,并利用红外光谱、X射线衍射谱、DSC热分析、UV-vis吸收谱、荧光激发光谱和荧光发射光谱研究了其结构、晶态、热稳定性以及光学特性,分析了它的能态结构和发光机理。结果表明,2(水杨醛缩苯胺)-(1,10-邻菲罗啉)合钙的热稳定性较高,是一种多晶粉末发光材料,禁带宽度2.93eV,在紫外光的激发下,固态荧光发射峰在449.7nm处,在乙醇溶液体系中的荧光发射峰在491nm处,均为蓝色荧光,色纯度高,荧光量子效率高,其荧光发射主要来源于长波吸收带,最大波长吸收带对荧光发射贡献最大。     

低温热处理刚玉实验中含水矿物包裹体的特征研究

近年来,低温热处理刚玉出现在宝石交易市场,由于其特征容易与天然刚玉混淆,如何鉴定低温热处理刚玉成为宝石实验室的研究热点。在弱氧化氛围,360,610和650 ℃条件下,先后对9粒刚玉进行了热处理实验,并采用显微拉曼定性分析刚玉中的包裹体、显微镜下观察包裹体形貌、显微红外光谱分析含水矿物包裹体中羟基的特征峰等方法,对刚玉低温热处理前后的特征进行了对比研究。热处理实验揭示：600 ℃左右温度、弱氧化氛围已能有效去除刚玉中的蓝色调,并增强红色,可达到热处理改善或改变刚玉颜色的目的。研究结果表明：针铁矿、高岭石、勃姆石等含水矿物包体主要存在于刚玉的开放裂隙中,硬水铝石、磷灰石、云母等含水矿物包体主要存在于刚玉晶体中。针铁矿热处理前红外光谱可显示与羟基相关的3 435 cm-1吸收峰,并伴有以3 185 cm-1为中心的吸收宽带,经360 ℃热处理后相关吸收消失,其颜色由亮黄色变为红色;高岭石热处理前红外光谱在3 620,3 648,3 670和3 698 cm-1附近显示一组与羟基相关的吸收峰,经610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰消失;勃姆石热处理前红外光谱显示与羟基相关的3 086和3 311 cm-1吸收峰,经610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰消失。硬水铝石包裹体通常呈针状,热处理前红外光谱显示与羟基相关的1 980和2 110 cm-1吸收峰,经610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰消失,但仍保持针状晶形假像;磷灰石包体通常呈透明柱状或粒状晶形,由于OH与F相互作用,红外光谱在3 550 cm-1附近显示与羟基相关的吸收峰,610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰仍然存在,磷灰石包体的形貌未见改变;白云母呈近透明无色片状晶形分布于刚玉中,红外光谱在3 624 cm-1附近显示与云母中羟基相关的吸收峰,650 ℃热处理后这一吸收峰仍然存在,云母的形状未见变化,透明度略微降低。通过实验,证明含水矿物包裹体对于鉴定低温热处理刚玉具有重要作用。     

钾镁胁迫对橡胶幼苗叶片物质成分影响的FTIR表征

养分亏缺是作物产量和质量提升的重要限制因子。我国砖红壤植胶区钾、镁缺乏及其低的有效性长期制约天然橡胶的产、质量。以“热研7-33-97”橡胶幼苗为研究对象,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对钾、镁胁迫下橡胶树叶片物质组成特征进行研究,分析不同钾、镁胁迫条件下叶片红外光谱图谱特征峰的变化及其差异,探讨钾、镁胁迫对叶片物质成分和结构的影响,以期为钾镁缺乏影响橡胶树生长与生理代谢的机理研究提供参考。结果表明：（1）缺钾条件下,1 554,1 519和1 075 cm-1处的吸收峰缺失,表明橡胶叶片中蛋白质酰胺Ⅱ带、酚类物质、碳水化合物的化学结构受到破坏,并且其他特征峰吸光度与正常处理相比均有不同程度的升高,表明缺钾造成蛋白质、碳水化合物等物质在叶片中大量积累,物质转运效率降低;（2）缺镁条件下,1 554 cm-1处吸收峰向高频方向位移了6 cm-1,说明缺镁造成蛋白质酰胺Ⅱ带的结构发生改变,同时,1 550~1 350 cm-1波数范围内吸收峰相对吸光度明显下降,说明缺镁降低了细胞壁多糖以及含油脂化合物的含量,且该波数范围内的三个吸收峰较其他吸收峰变化敏感,表明该波段可以较好地指示橡胶叶片镁营养状况;（3）钾镁同时缺乏条件下,各吸收峰的相对吸光度和强度明显减弱,1 554,1 519和1 075 cm-1处的吸收峰缺失,说明蛋白质酰胺Ⅱ带、酚类物质、碳水化合物的化学结构受到破坏,1 057 cm-1处吸收峰向高频方向位移了11 cm-1,表明橡胶叶片中果胶类多糖分子结构发生了变化。综上所述,缺钾造成橡胶叶片蛋白质、糖类物质的含量的大量积累,缺镁造成叶片细胞壁多糖和油脂化合物下降,而钾镁同时缺乏时蛋白质、脂类、糖类物质等物质含量均明显下降。研究表明,使用FTIR技术对养分缺乏下的橡胶叶片物质成分定性分析具有一定的可行性,同时可为橡胶钾、镁营养生理代谢的机制研究提供新的思路和方法。     

“海纹石”的矿物学及谱学特征研究

“海纹石”是具有蓝色条带的针钠钙石,是一种稀有的宝石材料,具有较好的市场前景。为查明其矿物学特征及成因,采用常规宝石学测试并结合X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电镜(SEM)及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等现代测试方法,对“海纹石”不同颜色部分的矿物成分及特征进行了深入分析。XRD,FTIR,Raman分析结果表明,“海纹石”的主要组成矿物为针钠钙石,并含有少量的方解石,与SEM分析结果较为一致。FTIR分析显示,“海纹石”白色部分在1 500 cm-1处出现一个明显的宽吸收带并伴有883和710 cm-1的吸收峰,表明含有少量方解石,而蓝色部分在该处没有此吸收。紫外可见吸收光谱分析显示蓝色部分在可见光区有640 nm宽吸收峰,表明可能含有微量元素Cu。“海纹石”白色和蓝色部分矿物组分的差异,表明两者可能形成于不同的地质环境。     

烟草过氧化物酶Ⅰ的紫外-可见吸收光谱研究

通过对烟草过氧化物酶Ⅰ (TOPⅠ )的紫外 可见光谱进行分析 ,证实了TOPⅠ为一含血红素的酸性蛋白酶。发现pH变小 ,TOPⅠ的在紫外 可见区的Soret带特征吸收峰出现蓝移 ;当pH变大时 ,则产生红移。变性剂脲对TOPⅠ的紫外 可见光谱的影响结果表明 ,当加入变性剂后 ,变性的TOPⅠ可能发生了去折叠的结构变化 ,使肽链充分伸展。向脱铁烟草过氧化物酶TOPⅠ加入相同量的Fe(Ⅲ ) ,Fe(Ⅱ ) ,Cu(Ⅱ ) ,Zn(Ⅱ ) ,Co(Ⅱ ) ,Ni(Ⅱ ) ,Sn(Ⅱ )金属离子后 ,发现除Fe(Ⅲ )基本不变外 ,溶液的UV Vis谱图发生变化 ,Soret带的最大特征吸收峰均发生不同程度的蓝移 ,且峰强减弱 ,α带和 β带特征吸收峰位置基本不变 ,但二者的相对峰强均略有减弱。     

生长温度对立方MgZnO薄膜生长取向和紫外光吸收特性的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积技术在非晶石英衬底上制备立方结构MgZnO薄膜,并研究MgZnO薄膜结晶特性、光学带隙随生长温度的变化情况。当生长温度从150℃升高到700℃时,MgZnO薄膜的生长取向由（200）向（111）转变。在600℃以下,MgZnO薄膜光学带隙的变化规律与晶格中Mg和Zn原子比例的变化趋势是一致的;而当温度升至700℃时,虽然MgZnO晶格中Mg和Zn原子比例降低,但由于平均晶粒尺寸变大,薄膜的光学带隙反而上升。在300℃和700℃晶格匹配的情况下,获得了单一（200）和（111）取向的立方MgZnO薄膜。     

一种蓝光发射材料的表征及发光性能研究

8-羟基喹啉铝类有机金属配合物作为一类重要的发光材料广受关注.文章合成并通过真空升华提纯得到了一种高纯度的8-羟基喹啉铝的衍生物-三(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)铝,通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱以及元素分析确定了三(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)铝的分子结构.通过热重和差示扫描量热分析研究了三(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)铝的热稳定性,试验结果表明:此衍生物的结晶转变温度可达158℃,分解温度为357℃;并进一步通过紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱表征了材料的带隙以及能带结构.将吸收边的线性关系延伸到与能量轴相交所得禁带宽度2.85 eV,三(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)铝在365 nm紫外光的激发下,在乙醇溶液体系中的荧光发射峰在479 nm处,为蓝色荧光,荧光量子效率高,是一种蓝光发射的优选材料.     

Optical studies on the red luminescence of InGaN epilayers

Photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation and time-resolved photoluminescence studies were performed in a partially relaxed InGaN epilayer, and exhibiting a 3D growth mode at the surface. Two emission bands, a red (centred at 1.88 eV) and a blue (centred at 2.58 eV) were observed. In order to investigate their origin and their relation with the strain relaxation along the growth direction, the sample was etched. After etching, only an asymmetrical broad emission band centred at 2.15 eV was observed.The decrease of decay time and the increase of the band edge absorption energy with increasing monitored photon energy, along the red emission, are assigned to the effect of localization of excitons at potential minima, originated in compositional and strain inhomogeneities of the sample. Therefore, the blue shift observed on this band with an increase in temperature, is caused by the population of higher energy states. The large difference between the luminescence intensities, decay times and the thermal quenching of the red and blue (centred at 2.58 eV) band is also accounted for by the localization model. It is demonstrated that the luminescence observed after etching is a superposition of two bands, one originated from the InGaN film, and the other from the GaN underlayer. The large difference between absorption and emission energies, compared with those measured in the as-grown sample, within the same spectral region, indicates that this emission has a different origin. It is suggested that deep levels might be responsible for the luminescence observed after etching.     

Optical properties of silicon microcolumn grown by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation

We have investigated the optical properties of silicon pillars formed by cumulative nanosecond pulsed excimer laser irradiation of single-crystal silicon in vacuum created under different repetition rates. The changes in optical characteristics of silicon pillar were systematically determined and compared as the number of KrF laser shots was increased from 1 to 15,000.The results show that silicon pillar PL curves exhibit a blue band around 430 nm and an ultraviolet band peaking at 370 nm with the vanishing of the green emission at 530 nm. A correlation between the intensity of the blue PL band and the intensity of the Si-O absorption bands has been exploited to explain such emission, whereas, the origin of the ultraviolet band may be attributed to different types of defects in silicon oxide.     

Properties of stable nonstoichiometric nanoceria produced by thermal plasma

Thermally stable blue nonstoichiometric nanoceria was produced by feeding nanoceria with an average size of 50 nm into a DC thermal plasma reactor. The effects of different plasma power levels and atmospheres were investigated. XRD results showed the ceria lattice parameter increased with plasma power. SEM and TEM results showed that the shape of nanoparticles changed after plasma treatment; the blue nonstoichiometric nanoceria had highly regular shapes such as triangular pyramids and polyhedral in contrast to the irregular shape of the raw nanoceria. Significant downshift was found in the Raman spectra of the plasma products, with a 7.9-cm^?1 shift compared with raw nanoceria, which was explained by the reduction of Ce⁴⁺. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the Ce³⁺ fraction increased from 14% in the raw nanoceria to 38–39% for the product CeO_2-x , indicating the high reduction state on the ceria surface. It was determined that this blue nonstoichiometric nanoceria was stable up to 400 °C in air, but the color changed to pale yellow after 4 h at 500 °C in air indicating oxidation to CeO₂. Additionally, this novel stable nano-CeO_2-x caused a red shift in the UV-visible absorption results; a 48-nm red shift occurred for the nonstoichiometric nanoceria produced at 15 kW compared with the raw nanoceria. The band gap was calculated to be 2.5 eV while it was 3.2 eV for the raw nanoceria, indicating that this novel stable blue nonstoichiometric nanoceria should be a promising material for optical application.     

Fluorescence Quenching of Auramine in Fluid Solutions: A Femtosecond Spectroscopy Study

The quenching of Auramine fluorescence in ethanol is studied by two ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. The gain band, probed by transient absorption spectroscopy, vanishes in a few picoseconds, while a transient absorption band rises and the ground-state repopulation is delayed. In up-conversion experiments, nonexponential wavelength-dependent fluorescence decays are observed. The average decay times increase with the wavelength and the reconstructed instantaneous spectrum exhibits a few hundred-wavenumber red shift and a broadening while its intensity drops. The previously proposed relaxation model, involving a barrierless internal twisting motion toward a transient dark state, is further examined. In particular, the extinction coefficients of the transient state are extracted from the differential absorption spectra. The band is found to lie in the same wavelength range as the dimethylaniline cation radical. This result is discussed as a possible support for an internal twisting process involving a charge shift.     

宇宙黑暗时代的探索与月基天文

宇宙黑暗时代是指宇宙大爆炸刚刚结束,第一代恒星和星系尚未形成的时期,这时的宇宙“鸿蒙未开”,蕴藏着宇宙起源阶段所遗留的大量宝贵信息。这一时期宇宙中性氢气体产生的21 cm信号为观测宇宙黑暗时代提供了探针,但这一信号现已红移到米波、十米波甚至百米波频段,在这一频段有其他天体特别是银河系产生的巨大前景辐射,在地球上的观测还受到地球电离层的吸收、折射以及多种电磁干扰,因此其观测具有极大的挑战性。利用月球背面或月球轨道进行观测具有优越的条件,可以避免电离层和电磁干扰对低频射电观测的影响。随着重返月球热潮的兴起,美国、欧洲、印度等国和中国都在积极酝酿月基天文特别是低频射电天文研究,打开低频电磁观测的新窗口,实现对宇宙黑暗时代和宇宙起源的探测。文章将介绍关于宇宙黑暗时代、宇宙黎明的研究进展以及利用月球开展低频射电天文观测的动向,并简要介绍中国提出的鸿蒙绕月卫星阵列计划。     

BeH2薄膜的制备及红外特性

采用蒸发铍原子与非平衡态氢原子反应制备了透明的BeH2薄膜。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到薄膜表面存在微孔洞,红外光谱显示在722 cm-1有一个强烈的吸收峰。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对BeH2网状结构进行了计算,得到的３个基本振动模式的频率和强度与文献中BeH2粉末的实验数据基本一致,其中弯曲振动的计算频率为747 cm-1,与BeH2薄膜的红外吸收峰一致。推测BeH2薄膜的结构与BeH2粉末有所不同,因而导致某些振动峰被抑制。     

BeH2薄膜的制备及红外特性

采用蒸发铍原子与非平衡态氢原子反应制备了透明的BeH2薄膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到薄膜表面存在微孔洞,红外光谱显示在722 cm-1有一个强烈的吸收峰.采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对BeH2网状结构进行了计算,得到的3个基本振动模式的频率和强度与文献中BeH2粉末的实验数据基本一致,其中弯曲振动的计算频率为747...     

紫细菌捕光天线LH2中的超快光物理研究

采用飞秒泵浦探测技术研究了紫细菌外周捕光天线LH2中的超快光动力学过程.从B800蓝侧的激发态动力学中观察到B800到B850的能量传递时间,实验结果与理论计算结果的差别说明激发B800时可能引起B850上激子带的直接激发,或存在由B800到B850上激子态的能量传递通道.在B800红侧激发的动力学过程中,漂白信号前端存在的一个快速光吸收信号主要来源于B850上激子带的直接激发.在天然RS601和突变体GM309的LH2中,800 nm激发时的动力学过程都表现为一个类似的光漂白过程,动力学曲线的衰减时间常量在天然LH2中明显快于突变体中,说明在GM309中B800到B850的激发能传递速率有所降低.而在845 nm激发下两个样品中的快过程类似,但慢过程在GM309中有所增快,激发态中的能量重新分布包括逆向的能量传递也受到类胡萝卜素微结构的影响.