鹿茸保健品中11种性激素的气相色谱-串联质谱法分析

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定鹿茸保健品中11种性激素的分析方法。鹿茸中的性激素经固相萃取富集和净化,经七氟丁酸酐衍生处理。采用DB-5色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)、非线性梯度升温程序分离,在串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,外标法定量,实现了11种性激素的有效分离。11种性激素的检出限为1.0～5.0 μg/kg,线性相关系数为0.9916～0.9999,平均回收率为67.4%～99.1%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～13%。该方法准确,可靠,可满足鹿茸保健品中性激素含量的测定和确证。     

梅花鹿茸中活性多肽的纯化、测序及功能研究

利用凝胶过滤、离子交换层析及C18反相柱层析等方法, 从梅花鹿茸中分离得到了一个多肽CNT14, SDS-PAGE电泳显示其为一条带, HPLC图谱为单峰, 激光解析电离飞行时间质谱测定其分子量为1479.9028. 氨基酸组成分析结果表明, 此多肽主要含缬氨酸、亮氨酸、谷氨酸及脯氨酸, 用电喷雾串联质谱法测序结果为E-P-T-V-L-D-E-V-C-L-A-H-G-P. 活性检测结果表明, 该多肽能够明显促进小鼠海马HT22细胞增殖. 同时, 采用固相合成法对该多肽进行了合成, 与所分离的天然多肽进行了结构与性质的比较.     

麋鹿茸、马鹿茸和梅花鹿茸营养成分的分析比较研究

对麋鹿茸,马鹿茸,梅花鹿茸中的水分,粗蛋白,粗脂肪,膳食纤维,水溶性和脂溶性维生素,氨基酸和无宏量及微量元素进行了测定,和比较,结果表明,麋鹿茸与马鹿茸和梅花鹿茸的化学分成及含量相近,鹿鹿茸中膳食纤维和必需无机元素含量高于其它两种鹿茸,填补了麋鹿研究的空白,为鹿资源的保护,发展,开发和利用提供了营养学依据。     

溶剂提取-高效液相色谱法测定大气颗粒物中18种多环芳烃

建立大气颗粒物PM2.5中18种多环芳烃的样品快速溶剂提取结合高效液相色谱的测定方法。将1/2玻璃滤膜剪碎后加入2.0 mL乙腈,于20℃水浴超声提取30 min,提取液经0.22μm有机相滤膜过滤,多环芳烃C₁₈专用柱分离,以乙腈-水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用紫外串联荧光检测器-高效液相色谱仪检测,以色谱峰面积外标法定量。18种PAHs的质量浓度在0.01～0.50μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数不小于0.999,检出限为0.03～0.47 ng/m³,样品加标平均回收率为75.6%～114.7%,相对标准偏差为0.09%～3.78%(n=7)。该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,可应用于大气颗粒物PM2.5中18种多环芳烃的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种性激素

应用高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种性激素的含量。化妆品样品以甲醇提取,采用Kromasil 100-5C18色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈-水(65+35)溶液为流动相,在检测波长242nm和290nm处进行测定。5种性激素的质量浓度均在0.100~10.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.552~1.01 mg·kg-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在1.10~5.04mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在96.2%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)在均小于10%。     

庐山石韦中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

优选庐山石韦中总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺.以芦丁为对照品,就微波提取法、碱提酸析法、丙酮提取法、乙醇提取法对庐山石韦中总黄酮类化合物的提取效果进行了比较,并采用正交试验,以提取物中总黄酮得率为指标进行试验.优选出庐山石韦中总黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺为20倍量的55%乙醇溶液在80℃条件下浸提5 h.总黄酮的得率为5.91%.该提取工艺可行.提取率高.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中七种性激素

建立了化妆品中7种性激素(雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、睾酮、甲基睾酮、孕酮、己烯雌酚)同时测定的高效液相色谱法。先在试样中加入20 g/L氢氧化钠溶液与油脂进行皂化反应,然后用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比为40∶1)混合液在酸性条件下(pH 3)萃取,选择XTerraTMRP18色谱柱,以水-甲醇-乙腈(体积比为50∶32∶18)混合液为流动相,在波长230 nm处检测。7种性激素分离良好并排除了样品中杂质峰的干扰,低、高浓度平均回收率范围为75.6%~97.8%;相对标准偏差为1.9%~7.2%;检出限为3.7     

土壤中痕量酞酸酯的提取与分析方法研究

采用ＣＨ_２Ｃｌ_２超声提取、氧化铝、硅胶双柱净化、高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）测定土壤中的酞酸酯（ＰＥｓ）、标准添加回收率达９３％～１０６％，对超声提取与索氏提取进行了比较，并对实际土壤样品中的ＰＥｓ进行了初步分析。     

灵芝中灵芝三萜的提取方法研究

采用溶剂浸提、超声提取、快速溶剂萃取三种提取方法,每种提取方法分别加入无水乙醇、75%乙醇水、50%乙醇水、25%乙醇水、水进行提取,LC-MS/MS检测提取物中灵芝酸A、灵芝酸D、灵芝烯酸D、灵芝酸F、灵芝酸G的含量。结果表明,50%乙醇溶液超声提取液中灵芝酸A、灵芝酸D、灵芝烯酸D、灵芝酸F、灵芝酸G的含量最高。灵芝酸A的含量为25.05μg/g,灵芝酸D的含量为14.75μg/g,灵芝烯酸D的含量为7.40μg/g,灵芝酸F的含量为22.56μg/g,灵芝酸G的含量为17.22μg/g。最终确定50%乙醇水溶液超声提取为灵芝三萜类化合物的提取方法。     

杨梅素的提取工艺研究

对杨梅树叶中杨梅素的提取有影响的有机溶剂浓度、提取温度、料液比、提取时间进行正交优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件是乙醇体积分数95％,提取温度95℃,提取时间1．5h,料液比1：15,在此工艺条件下杨梅素提取率达到0．088％。     

Comparison of Structure and Biological Activity of Natural Polypeptide from Velvet Antlers of Cervus elaphus with Those of Synthesized Polypeptide

Biochemical techniques including ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) were used to isolate and purify the natural polypeptide from velvet antler(nVAP) of Cervus elaphus(C. elaphus), which has a molecular weight of 3215.8 and the primary structure of VLSAADKSNVKAAWGKVGGNAPAFGAEALLRM. The homology of the protein sequence in nVAP with known protein sequence is less than 50%, suggesting that nVAP appears to be a new bioactive substance. At a level of 0.4―50 μg/mL, nVAP promotes mitosis in epidermal cells, chondrocytes and NIH3T3 fibroblasts primarily cultured in a significant way. Given that a yield of high-purity nVAP isolated from C. elaphus is 0.001%, nVAP is artificially synthesized to prepare synthetic velvet antler polypeptide(sVAP) according to its primary structure. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) of sVAP shows a single band, and its HPLC spectrum displays a single peak. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to identify sVAP to be of a molecular weight of 3200 and the consistency between primary structures of sVAP and nVAP. Bioactivity test shows that at a dose of 5―40 μg/mL, sVAP promotes the proliferation of primarily cultured epidermal cells and NIH3T3 cell line. From the traditional Chinese medicine theory, velvet antler from Cervus nippon(C. nippon) and velvet antler from C. elaphus are considered as the same medicine, but differences between biochemical base and pharmacological effect of these two velvet antlers have been observed. We compared the total polypeptide mapping of the two velvet antlers, discovering that nVAP is active polypeptide and only exists in the velvet antler of C. elaphus. sVAP is similar to nVAP in physicochemical property and biological activity. These studies extend the possible utility of sVAP to be the promising compound to prepare velvet antler polypeptide of C. elaphus.     

Microwave-accelerated derivatization prior to GC-MS determination of sex hormones

A new microwave-accelerated derivatization method was developed for rapid determination of 13 natural sex hormones in feeds. Sex hormones were isolated from the sample matrix by ultrasonic extraction, followed by solid-phase extraction, derivatized under microwave irradiation, and then analyzed directly by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The key parameters affecting derivatization efficiency, including microwave irradiation time, microwave power, and reaction solvent were studied. Under microwave power of 360 W and microwave irradiation for 3 min, 13 natural sex hormones were simultaneously derivatized using heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFBA) as derivatization reagent. This method was applied to the determination of 13 natural sex hormones in different feed samples, and the obtained results were compared with those obtained by the traditional thermal derivatization. The recoveries from 58.1 to 111% were obtained at sex hormone concentrations of 10-300 μg/kg with RSDs ≤12.0%. The results showed that the proposed method was fast, simple, efficient and can be applied to the determination of 13 natural sex hormones in different feed samples.     

花生油提取工艺研究

以花生为原料,研究回流法,索式提取法和超声波辅助提取花生粗油脂的工艺条件,结果显示超声波提取在低温短时间内提取率有优势。通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了超声波辅助提取花生粗油脂的工艺条件。结果表明：超声波辅助提取花生粗油脂工艺的最佳条件是：石油醚作为溶剂,料液比1：12（g/mL）,提取温度35℃,提取时间25min,超...     

黄芪多糖提取分离纯化工艺的优化研究

采用温浸法设计四因素三水平正交试验,对黄芪多糖最佳提取工艺进行了优化,结果表明:四因素对黄芪多糖提取的影响顺序为提取温度>提取次数>料液比>提取时间,提取最佳工艺为:料液比1∶6,提取时间90 min,提取温度100℃时提取3次;采用乙醇沉淀法设计三因素三水平正交实验对其最佳分离工艺进行研究,研究发现:三因素三水平对黄芪多糖分离影响顺序为乙醇浓度>乙醇加入量>沉淀时间,分离的最佳工艺为乙醇浓度为90%,加入量5倍体积,沉淀时间4 h;选用AB-8大孔吸附树脂和聚酰胺为吸附剂,不同浓度乙醇为洗脱剂对黄芪多糖最佳纯化工艺进行了探索,确定了最佳纯化工艺为:AB-8大孔吸附树脂吸附,30%乙醇洗脱.这些条件的确定为黄芪的大规模开发和应用奠定了基础.     

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones

Liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the sex steroid hormones 17‐β estradiol, progesterone and testosterone from biological matrices. The importance of accurate quantification with these hormones, even at endogenous levels, has evolved with our understanding of the role these regulators play in human development, fertility and disease risk and manifestation. Routine monitoring of these analytes can be accomplished by immunoassay techniques, which face limitations on specificity and sensitivity, or using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. LC–MS/MS is growing in capability and acceptance for clinically relevant quantification of sex steroid hormones in biological matrices and is able to overcome many of the limitations of immunoassays. Analyte specificity has improved through the use of novel derivatizing agents, and sensitivity has been refined through the use of high‐resolution chromatography and mass spectrometric technology. This review highlights these innovations, among others, in LC–MS/MS steroid hormone analysis captured in the literature over the last decade.     

从月桂烯合成梨圆蚧性信息素

梨圆蚧是对果林危害较大的害虫。该虫的性信息素包括三个组分:3-亚甲基-7-甲基-7-辛烯-1-醇丙酸酯(1)、(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1-醇丙酸酯(2)和(2E)-3,7-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1-醇丙酸酯(3)。本文介绍了通过对月桂烯进行结构改造来合成梨圆蚧性信息素,从月桂烯到1,总产率为19%。工业上从月桂烯制龋萑花醇和香叶醇,再将橙花醇和香叶醇转变为相应的氯烯醇后再还原、丙酰化即得2和3,其总产率分别为30%和28%。(以橙花醇和香叶醇计)。月桂烯可从β-蒎烯裂解而得。我国有丰富的蒎烯资源,所以开辟从月桂烯合成梨圆蚧性信息素的新途径具有重要的意义。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鱼制品中残留的7种性激素

以电喷雾离子源(ESI)为电离源,在正离子采集模式下建立了鱼制品中7种性激素（甲基炔诺酮、甲基睾酮、丙酸睾酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、醋酸氯地孕酮、诺龙）的超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品被酶解后用甲醇提取,提取液经氯化锌(ZnCl2)去脂、LC-C18和LC-NH2固相萃取柱净化、Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC BEH-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,在多反应监测模式下进行UPLC-MS/MS分析。7种性激素的方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.08～0.17 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.24～0.58 μg/kg。考察了内标法和基质匹配外标法对7种性激素进行定量的回收率与精密度: 添加水平为1, 4 μg/kg时,以内标法定量,7种性激素的平均回收率为76%～118%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为5.0%～11.3%;以基质匹配外标法定量,7种性激素的平均回收率为66%～94%,RSD为4.5%～10.7%。该结果表明两种方法均能够满足鱼制品中7种性激素的多残留检测要求。应用建立的方法对市售脱脂大黄鱼及烤鱼片进行检测,未发现7种目标违禁性激素。     

性激素研究的开拓者：生物化学家阿道夫.布特南特

“因性激素方面的工作”荣膺1939年诺贝尔化学奖的阿道夫?布特南特是一位杰出的生物化学家。布特南特(团队)不仅率先成功分离(部分界定与合成)了雌酮、雄酮、孕酮、蜕皮酮及蚕蛾性诱醇,而且对二战期间及其前后的德国科学事业有重要推动作用。尽管布特南特早年成名,一生收获了以诺贝尔奖和联邦十字勋章为代表的多项重大荣誉与奖励,但因他在二战期间与纳粹政府的密切关系而备受质疑。考察布特南特的科学生涯能为我们提供一个了解二战期间德国科学(科学家)及其与政治(政府)关系的窗口,也是当代思考科学(科学家)与政治(政府)关系的一个契机。     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定精油中的7种雌性激素

建立了采用同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时快速测定精油中7种雌性激素(雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮、炔雌醇、己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚)的方法。样品中雌性激素用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(2:98, v/v)溶液提取后,经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化,通过ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH SHELD RP18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)、以水-乙腈作流动相梯度洗脱对7种雌性激素进行分离,采用串联质谱在负离子扫描方式下通过多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性定量分析。以雌三醇-D3、雌二醇-D3、己烯雌酚-D6为内标,有效减少了样品基质的影响。该方法对精油中7种雌激素的检出限(LOD)为0.3～7 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为1～20 μg/kg。待测物与内标物定量离子的峰面积比值与待测物的质量浓度在20～500 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.997;在20～500 μg/kg范围内3个水平的加标平均回收率为88.5%～114.8%,日内精密度(以相对标准偏差计)(n=6)为4.8%～18.9%。应用该方法对浙江杭州地区不同超市或美容院随机采集的12份精油样品进行测定的结果显示,有1份样品含有雌二醇和雌酮,其余11份样品均未检出雌性激素。