自由落体运动

1）理解什么是自由落体运动，知道它是初速度为零的匀加速直线运动．     

演示实验在自由落体运动教学中的巧妙应用

自由落体运动是学生了解匀变速直线运动的规律后接触的新知识．自由下落的物体学生在生活中常见，学生的思维定势是：重的物体下落快，轻的物体下落慢．如何既打破学生的思维定势，又能让学生从理论上顺利学到新知识呢？笔者认为讲好这节课的关键是做好演示实验．通过演示实验，让学生循序渐进地了解自由落体运动的确定过程，达到学习目的．     

伽利略的加速度实验研究——"最美丽"的十大物理实验之五

伽利略的加速度实验的研究不仅开创出新的研究方法,而且也是进入宏观世界建立牛顿力学的一个突破口.     

谈物理课堂教学的衔接——"自由落体运动"教学片断评析

随着教学改革的深入,素质教育思想在物理课堂教学中正得以越来越充分的体现.日前,笔者观摩了一次青年教师优课评比活动,课题是人民教育出版社编的<全日制普通高级中学教科书(试验修订本·必修)>第二章的第八节"自由落体运动".所有参赛选手的教学设计均凸现了学生的主体地位,每堂课学生的自主活动,包括思维活动和实践活动时间总在30分钟左右.     

自由落体运动教学的困惑与突围

《自由落体运动》是中专物理教材(高教版)第三章第五节的内容。本节内容是在学生学习了运动学的基本概念、匀变速直线运动等知识后编排的,自由落体运动是匀变速直线运动的一种特例。通过对自由落体运动的研究,一方面是对前面知识的复习和巩固,另一方面也加强了课本知识与实际生活     

由"测定匀变速直线运动的加速度"实验的数据处理方法引起的思考

"测定匀变速直线运动的加速度"实验是高中物理第一册(必修)课本中的一个学生实验,它要求学生用一次逐差法处理数据,本文就针对此实验的数据处理方法作一些思考和讨论.     

关于匀变速直线运动实验装置的研究和改进

本文对测匀变速直线运动的实验装置进行了改进 ,采用了传感技术 ,演示效果好。     

理解"加速度"概念常见的错误分析

中职物理教材对加速度概念是通过四个层次展开的：在匀变速直线运动中，加速度的大小和方向都不变；牛顿运动定律，阐明了产生加速度的原因，强调了加速度的矢量性；在匀速圆周运动中，加速度从“恒定”过渡到大小不变而方向变化；在简谐振动中，加速度的大小和方向都随时间改变．     

谈"速度"与"速率"

一 高教出版社出版的中专《物理》教材(王银明主编1999年版)第40页中有这样一道题: 2-3-1关于匀速运动的特点,下列说法中正确的是: A.运动轨迹是直线 B.运动方向不变 C.运动速率不变 D.运动速度是常量     

极限思维法及其在解题中的应用

1极限思维法 极限思维法是一种科学的思维方法,在物理学的研究中,常常用它来解决某些不能直接验证的实验和规律.例如在研究落体定律时,伽利略由于无法用实验直接验证自己的论断,只好求助于极限思维法间接证明.他先证明了从斜面上滚落的小球总做匀变速直线运动,后把结论外推到斜面倾角增大到90°的极限情况,此时,小球将自由下落,从而说明自由落体运动也是匀变速直线运动.     

伽利略的自由落体定律研究——"最美丽"的十大物理实验之一

在伽利略的运动学研究中,自由落体运动是一个重要课题.他敏锐地认识到,通过打开自由落体运动这个缺口,会导致一门新科学的诞生.他在《两门新科学》(即《关于两门新科学的数学证明的对话》)一书中写道:"我的目的,是要阐述一门崭新的科学,它研究的却是非常古老的课题.也许,在自然界中最古老的课题莫过于运动了.     

用功能观点分析带电体的运动

带电体在电场中运动,用功能的观点来解,会使问题简捷明了.根据题目的具体情况常用动能定理和能量守恒定律.能量守恒常可用以下形式表达. (1)E初=E末;(2)△E增=△E减;(3)△E增+△E减=0.下面通过例题来说明其应用.例1:如图1,一个质量为m,带电量为     

A New Fractional Model for the Falling Body Problem

Recently; a conformable fractional derivative has been proposed to calculate the derivative of non-integer order of time functions. It has been shown that this new fractional derivative definition obeys many advantages over the preceding definitions. For mathematical models in applied sciences and to preserve the dimensionality of the physical quantities, an auxiliary parameter(σ) which has the dimension of seconds should be implemented in the fractional derivative definition. We obtain analytic solutions for the resulting conformable fractional differential equations describing the vertical velocity and the height of the falling body. It is shown that the dimensions of velocity and height are always correct without any restrictions on the auxiliary parameter σ which contradicts with the results in the literature when applying the Caputo definition to the same problem. This may open the door for many future works either to describe the role of such an auxiliary parameter or to derive a more suitable definition for the fractional derivative.     

A Complete Foliation of Schwarzschild Spacetime by Free Falling Hypersurfaces

Free falling hypersurfaces in the Schwarzschild geometry have been studied to provide a complete foliation of spacetime. The hypersurfaces do not cross into the maximally extended spacetime and are well behaved everywhere except at the singularity r =0 the mean extrinsic curvature becomes infinity.     

Characterizability of Free Motion in Special Relativity

The concept of forcefree motion is primitive, i.e., unexplained, in special relativity. The paper demonstrates a way to characterize it by more primitive, directly operationally interpreted notions. These are the worldlines of (more or less) pointlike, but non-quantum bodies and of light signals, clock parametrizations of the former kind of worldlines and the direction, in which an observer sees a light signal go out. Already at this general level one can define the radar distance and the radar (initial) velocity of one body with respect to another, and can define in a reasonable manner that two bodies move in opposite directions with respect to an observer. These concepts are then used to formulate a certain criterion for path structures which can experimentally be tested without presupposing inertial frames, atomic clocks, etc. It is demonstrated that the path structure of free motion in gravity-free regions of space-time, i.e., in the domain of validity of special relativity, satisfies that criterion.     

Rigid Body Motion in Special Relativity

We study the acceleration and collisions of rigid bodies in special relativity. After a brief historical review, we give a physical definition of the term ‘rigid body’ in relativistic straight line motion. We show that the definition of ‘rigid body’ in relativity differs from the usual classical definition, so there is no difficulty in dealing with rigid bodies in relativistic motion. We then describe

1. The motion of a rigid body undergoing constant acceleration to a given velocity.
2. The acceleration of a rigid body due to an applied impulse.
3. Collisions between rigid bodies.

     

落体偏东在惯性系中的分析

在惯性系中,讨论了落体偏东问题,从落体对地轴的转动角来分析偏东数值,最终得到落体偏东的数值计算式,并说明在实际教学中,采用惯性参考系来解释此现象的直观性.     

On the Motion of a Compact Elastic Body

We study the problem of motion of a relativistic, ideal elastic solid with free surface boundary by casting the equations in material form (“Lagrangian coordinates”). By applying a basic theorem due to Koch, we prove short-time existence and uniqueness for solutions close to a trivial solution. This trivial, or natural, solution corresponds to a stress-free body in rigid motion.     

落体偏东的定性及半定量分析

一般的理论力学教材[1,2]在计算落体偏东的距离时,都是先导出物体相对于地球的运动方程,然后再由运动方程求下落后偏东的距离,这样的推导过程显然较为复杂.而有关文献[3,4]在定性讨论时,也都是用相对运动的比较而得出的.