Very smooth points of spaces of operators

In this paper we study very smooth points of Banach spaces with special emphasis on spaces of operators. We show that when the space of compact operators is anM-ideal in the space of bounded operators, a very smooth operatorT attains its norm at a unique vectorx (up to a constant multiple) andT(x) is a very smooth point of the range space. We show that if for every equivalent norm on a Banach space, the dual unit ball has a very smooth point then the space has the Radon-Nikodym property. We give an example of a smooth Banach space without any very smooth points.     

Gromov-Witten invariants of blow-ups along points and curves

Abstract. In this paper, using the gluing formula of Gromov-Witten invariants under symplectic cutting, due to Li and Ruan, we studied the Gromov-Witten invariants of blow-ups at a smooth point or along a smooth curve. We established some relations between Gromov-Witten invariants of M and its blow-ups at a smooth point or along a smooth curve. Received February 4, 1999     

Approximation in Sobolev Spaces by Kernel Expansions

For interpolation of smooth functions by smooth kernels having an expansion into eigenfunctions (e.g., on the circle, the sphere, and the torus), good results including error bounds are known, provided that the smoothness of the function is closely related to that of the kernel. The latter fact is usually quantified by the requirement that the function should lie in the “native” Hilbert space of the kernel, but this assumption rules out the treatment of less smooth functions by smooth kernels. For the approximation of functions from “large” Sobolev spaces W by functions generated by smooth kernels, this paper shows that one gets at least the known order for interpolation with a less smooth kernel that has W as its native space.     

Smooth functions in o-minimal structures

Fix an o-minimal expansion of the real exponential field that admits smooth cell decomposition. We study the density of definable smooth functions in the definable continuously differentiable functions with respect to the definable version of the Whitney topology. This implies that abstract definable smooth manifolds are affine. Moreover, abstract definable smooth manifolds are definably C^∞-diffeomorphic if and only if they are definably C¹-diffeomorphic.     

Smooth tropical surfaces with infinitely many tropical lines

We study the tropical lines contained in smooth tropical surfaces in ℝ³. On smooth tropical quadric surfaces we find two one-dimensional families of tropical lines, like in classical algebraic geometry. Unlike the classical case, however, there exist smooth tropical surfaces of any degree with infinitely many tropical lines.     

The necessary conditions of the preservation of an invariant manifold of an autonomous system near an equilibrium point

Let a smooth autonomous system of ordinary differential equations have a smooth locally invariant manifold passing through its equilibrium point. The sufficient conditions are known under which each perturbed system has at least one smooth invariant manifoldC ¹ close to the original one. In the paper we prove the necessity of these conditions.     

Higher Intersection Theory on Algebraic Stacks: II

This is the second part of our work on the intersection theory of algebraic stacks. The main results here are the following. We provide an intersection pairing for all smooth Artin stacks (locally of finite type over a field) which we show reduces to the known intersection pairing on the Chow groups of smooth Deligne–Mumford stacks of finite type over a field as well as on the Chow groups of quotient stacks associated to actions of linear algebraic groups on smooth quasi-projective schemes modulo torsion. The former involves also showing the existence of Adams operations on the rational étale K-theory of all smooth Deligne–Mumford stacks of finite type over a field. In addition, we show that our definition of the higher Chow groups is intrinsic to the stack for all smooth stacks and also stacks of finite type over the given field. Next we establish the existence of Chern classes and Chern character for Artin stacks with values in our Chow groups and extend these to higher Chern classes and a higher Chern character for perfect complexes on an algebraic stack, taking values in cohomology theories of algebraic stacks that are defined with respect to complexes of sheaves on a big smooth site. As a by-product of our techniques we also provide an extension of higher intersection theory to all schemes locally of finite type over a field. As the higher cycle complex, by itself, is a bit difficult to handle, the stronger results like contravariance for arbitrary maps between smooth stacks and the intersection pairing for smooth stacks are established by comparison with motivic cohomology.     

On Cremona transformations and quadratic complexes

We study the relation between Cremona transformations in space and quadratic line complexes. We show that it is possible to associate a space Cremona transformation to each smooth quadratic line complex once we choose two distinct lines contained in the complex. Such Cremona transformations are cubo-cubic and we classify them in terms of the relative position of the lines chosen. It turns out that the base locus of such a transformation contains a smooth genus two quintic curve. Conversely, we show that given a smooth quintic curve C of genus 2 in ℙ³ every Cremona transformation containing C in its base locus factorizes through a smooth quadratic line complex as before. We consider also some cases where the curve C is singular, and we give examples both when the quadratic line complex is smooth and singular.     

多机制半参数平滑转换回归模型——兼论我国宏观经济运行周期

本文结合多机制平滑转换回归模型和半参数平滑转换回归模型,提出多机制半参数平滑转换回归模型。对模型转换函数中的未知光滑有界函数采用级数估计,并给出了结合Back-fitting算法和非线性最小二乘法估计模型参数的具体执行步骤,随机模拟结果说明了本文模型和估计算法的可行性和灵活性。应用本文模型和估计算法对我国宏观经济运行周期的实证研究表明,我国经济增长的非线性结构可以分为四个显著不同的增长机制:扩张阶段、衰退阶段、收缩阶段、恢复阶段,并且宏观经济政策的作用有三到四个季度的迟滞效应。     

On multiple Fourier integrals of piecewise smooth functions with discontinuities of the second kind

It is well known that the Riesz means of eigenfunction expansions of piecewise smooth functions of order s>(n−3)/2 converge uniformly on compacts where these functions are smooth. In 2000 L. Brandolini and L. Colzani considered eigenfunction expansions of piecewise smooth functions with discontinuities of the second kind across smooth surfaces. They showed that the Riesz means of these functions of order s>(n−3)/2 may diverge even at certain points where these functions are smooth. Here it is argued that this effect depends on the measure of the singularity area, i.e. we consider functions with singularities across more limited areas and prove that the Riesz means of their eigenfunction expansions of order s>(n−3)/2 converge uniformly on compacts where these functions are continuous.     

Recovering plane curves of low degree from their inflection lines and inflection points

In this paper we consider the following problem: is it possible to recover a smooth plane curve of degree d ≥ 3 from its inflection lines? We answer the posed question positively for a general smooth plane quartic curve, making the additional assumption that also one inflection point is given, and for any smooth plane cubic curve.     

k-super-strongly convex and k-super-strongly smooth Banach spaces

In this paper, we introduce two types of new Banach spaces: k-super-strongly convex spaces and k-super-strongly smooth spaces. It is proved that these two notions are dual. We also prove that the class of k-super-strongly convexifiable spaces is strictly between locally k-uniformly rotund spaces and k-strongly convex spaces, and obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions of k-super-strongly convex space (respectively k-super-strongly smooth space). Also, for each k?2, it is shown that there exists a k-super-strongly convex (respectively k-super-strongly smooth) space which is not (k−1)-super-strongly convex (respectively (k−1)-super-strongly smooth) space.     

Absolute Points of Continuous and Smooth Polarities

This paper deals with sets of absolute points of continuous or smooth polarities in compact, connected or smooth projective planes, called topological polar unitals or smooth polar unitals, respectively. We will show that topological polar unitals are Z₂-homology spheres. In the four-dimensional case, a topological polar unital U is either a topological oval, or any line which intersects U in more than one point intersects in a set homeomorphic to S₁. Smooth polar unitals turn out to be smoothly embedded submanifolds of the point space. Moreover, secants intersect such unitals transversally. For these unitals, we will obtain full information on the existence of secants, tangents and exterior lines through given points according to their position with respect to the unital. The main result of this paper states that the possible dimensions of smooth polar unitals coincide with those of sets of absolute points of continuous polarities in the classical projective planes P₂F, F?{R,C,H,O}. Finally, we will prove that smooth polar unitals in four-dimensional smooth projective planes are topological ovals or are homeomorphic to S₃.     

COMPLEX MONGE-AMPEREEQUATIONS ON GENERAL DOMAINS

Abstract. The smooth solutions of the Dirichlet problems for the complex Monge-Ampere equa-tions on general smooth domains are found ,provided that there exists a C3 strictly plurisub har-monic subsolution with prescribed boundary value. It is the smooth version of an existence theo-rem given by Bedford and Taylor.     

Smooth approximations

We prove, among other things, that a Lipschitz (or uniformly continuous) mapping f:X→Y can be approximated (even in a fine topology) by smooth Lipschitz (resp. uniformly continuous) mapping, if X is a separable Banach space admitting a smooth Lipschitz bump and either X or Y is a separable C(K) space (resp. super-reflexive space). Further, we show how smooth approximation of Lipschitz mappings is closely related to a smooth approximation of C¹-smooth mappings together with their first derivatives. As a corollary we obtain new results on smooth approximation of C¹-smooth mappings together with their first derivatives.     

Functions and Sets of Smooth Substructure: Relationships and Examples

The past decade has seen the introduction of a number of classes of nonsmooth functions possessing smooth substructure, e.g., “amenable functions”, “partly smooth functions”, and “g ° F decomposable functions”. Along with these classes a number of structural properties have been proposed, e.g., “identifiable surfaces”, “fast tracks”, and “primal-dual gradient structures”. In this paper we examine the relationships between these various classes of functions and their smooth substructures. In the convex case we show that the definitions of identifiable surfaces, fast tracks, and partly smooth functions are equivalent. In the nonconvex case we discuss when a primal-dual gradient structure or g ° F decomposition implies the function is partly smooth, and vice versa. We further provide examples to show these classes are not equal.     

Eine kartesisch abgeschlossene Kategorie glatter Abbildungen zwischen beliebigen lokalkonvexen Vektoräumen

This paper is a continuation of [6], in which I identified thec ^∞-complete bornological locally convex spaces (in short: 1cs) as the right ones for infinite dimensional analysis. Here I discuss smooth mappings between arbitrary 1cs, where a mapping is called smooth iff its compositions with smooth curves are smooth. The 1^st part is mainly devoted to prove the cartesian closedness of the category of (bornological,c ^∞-complete) 1cs together with the smooth mappings between them. In the 2^nd part I discuss the bornology of function spaces and furthermore demonstrate the smoothness of the differentiation process. Finally, in the 3^rd part, I compare this concept of smoothness with several others, discussed byKeller in [5], and show it to be the weakest that fulfills the chainrule.     

Hodge cohomology on blow-ups along subvarieties

We establish a blow-up formula for Hodge cohomology of locally free sheaves on smooth proper varieties over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. For this, we introduce a notion of relative Hodge sheaves and study their behavior under blow-ups along smooth centers. In particular, as an application, we study the blow-up invariance of the E₂-degeneracy of the Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg spectral sequence for smooth proper varieties.     

Fragmented deformations of primitive multiple curves

A primitive multiple curve is a Cohen-Macaulay irreducible projective curve Y that can be locally embedded in a smooth surface, and such that Y _red is smooth. We study the deformations of Y to curves with smooth irreducible components, when the number of components is maximal (it is then the multiplicity n of Y). We are particularly interested in deformations to n disjoint smooth irreducible components, which are called fragmented deformations. We describe them completely. We give also a characterization of primitive multiple curves having a fragmented deformation.     

Small resolutions and non-liftable Calabi-Yau threefolds

We use properties of small resolutions of the ordinary double point in dimension three to construct smooth non-liftable Calabi-Yau threefolds. In particular, we construct a smooth projective Calabi-Yau threefold over \mathbbF₃{\mathbb{F}_3} that does not lift to characteristic zero and a smooth projective Calabi-Yau threefold over \mathbbF₅{\mathbb{F}_5} having an obstructed deformation. We also construct many examples of smooth Calabi-Yau algebraic spaces over \mathbbF_p{\mathbb{F}_p} that do not lift to algebraic spaces in characteristic zero.