具有有源闭合腔的光纤光栅传感系统地址查询技术

基于熔融拉锥技术研制的3 dB宽带耦合器的光纤环形镜的工作原理,提出了一种新型的具有有源闭合腔装置的光纤光栅传感系统。在用作闭合共振腔端镜的环形镜中写入十个波分复用光纤光栅传感元,利用共振腔中接入的法布里-珀罗滤波器,通过控制电压对传感光栅的波长扫描,实现对传感地址的查询。用非平衡的迈克耳孙扫描干涉仪将传感光栅的波长漂移信息变为相移信息,实现传感信号的解调。系统传感灵敏度的实验值为1.5835°/10-6ε,与理论值(1.6662°/10-6ε)基本吻合。     

岩层变形检测的光纤光栅多点传感理论与工程应用

为了监测松散地层沉降变形,提出了一种用于钻孔中植入式光纤Bragg光栅传感器(FBG)的结构和传感网络系统.基于室内实验结果,给出了用于岩层变形检测的传感光栅波长带宽为6 nm,分析了多点传感信号分辨因子,山光源带宽决定的测试系统最大实际复用能力为6个传感器.设计并实现了一个由18个光纤光栅组成的具有特色的光纤Bragg光栅波分复用/空分复用混合阵列.工程实践表明,光纤光栅传感系统采用双同路布置.可提高系统下放后光纤光栅传感器的成活率.     

基于光纤激光器的波分复用光纤光栅传感系统

用传感器光栅串作环形腔激光器的端镜 ,借助腔镜倾角可调法布里珀罗滤波器对波分复用传感元进行波长寻址 ,利用非平衡迈克耳孙扫描干涉仪对来自传感光栅的包含应变信息的波长漂移信号进行解调 ,实验证实系统的应变传感灵敏度为 1 6 6 9°/ με ,与理论值 1 6 78°/ με非常吻合。锁定来自某一光栅的信号后 ,所设计的反馈装置保证了系统具备自动追踪感测信号的能力。     

分布式大容量光纤光栅传感网络的组网技术

基于光纤光栅复用传感原理,结合F-P可调谐滤波技术,采用波分复用与空分复用相结合的方法构建光纤光栅复用传感网络,并对传感网络中的电源、可调谐滤波器、光电探测器、光开关及传感光纤光栅阵列的组成等进行分析和选择,提出了结构优化的分布式、大容量光纤光栅传感网络的组网方案。通过在光路中使用F-P标准具和参考光栅对波长值进行标定和校准,提高了传感系统的测量精度,为构建大容量、高精度、实时性强的光纤光栅传感系统提供了设计参考。分布式大容量光纤光栅传感网络在多点、多参量和大空间范围传感测量领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

长周期光纤光栅折射率传感器的结构优化

为了提高长周期光纤光栅对环境介质折射率的传感灵敏度,提出一种长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的结构优化.基于长周期光纤光栅的耦合模理论,分析了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的大小分别与环境介质折射率传感灵敏度的关系,讨论了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径对折射率传感的影响以及控制光栅周期与包层半径对折射率传感的重要性.为使...     

基于峰值匹配分布式估计算法的光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠光谱的波长解调

针对有限光源带宽条件下光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠复用的解调瓶颈,提出基于峰值匹配分布式估计算法的波长解调方法,将光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠光谱的解调问题转化为函数优化问题,利用理论光谱与重叠光谱之间的差异构建优化模型,通过峰值匹配分布式估计算法对该优化模型进行求解得到各光纤布拉格光栅的传感值.分布式估计算法采用高斯混合模型构建描述光纤布拉格光栅传感网络的解空间概率分布,由概率模型采样产生新的种群个体,并引入峰值匹配算子消除光纤布拉格光栅峰值错配,通过反复进化最终得到最优解.采用该方法对不同规模数量的光纤布拉格光栅传感网络进行解调实验,结果表明该方法在大规模光纤布拉格光栅光谱完全重叠的情况下,平均误差可控制在10pm以内;与现有其他解调技术相比,其具有更高的解调精度,能够解决光纤布拉格光栅传感网络光谱在部分重叠甚至完全重叠情况下的波长解调问题,为提升光纤布拉格光栅传感网络复用数量提供了新的解调途径.     

VB语言环境下基于串口通信的光纤光栅传感网络分析软件的设计

 为了更方便地编写基于串口通信的光纤光栅传感网络的分析软件,实现对光纤光栅传感网络的远程控制,设计了一种VB语言环境下编写光纤光栅传感网络的分析软件的方法。利用VB语言环境实现了PC机和单片机之间串口通信、PC机对单片机的控制、数据处理以及图形绘制功能。并利用已标定的光纤光栅对可调谐激光器解调法的光纤光栅传感网络及其解调软件的精确性和实用性进行测定。实验结果表明该软件具有设计简单、工作稳定的特点。本文也为光纤光栅传感网络的远程控制和联网控制提出了思路。     

长周期光纤光栅折射率传感器的结构优化

为了提高长周期光纤光栅对环境介质折射率的传感灵敏度,提出一种长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的结构优化.基于长周期光纤光栅的耦合模理论,分析了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的大小分别与环境介质折射率传感灵敏度的关系,讨论了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径对折射率传感的影响以及控制光栅周期与包层半径对折射率传感的重要性.为使优化的长周期光纤光栅具有实用性,谐振波长设计在1.55 μm的常规波长范围,经过多次摸拟实验,提出最佳优化参量为：Λ=380 μm,rcl=17 μm,对环境介质折射率从1.26~1.38不同值的实验测试,折射率传感灵敏度达到0.000 12,长周期光纤光栅的结构优化获得理想的预期效果.     

极窄带宽的布拉格光纤光栅光谱特性研究

根据理想模展开下的耦合模方程，对光纤布拉格光栅的峰值反射率公式进行了数学推导，得到了布拉格光纤光栅的光谱反射率表达式。全面讨论了光栅周期、光纤栅长、光致折射率微扰最大值等参数与光纤光栅反射光谱的关系。仿真结果显示了固定参数下布拉格光栅的极限窄带宽，得到的反射率为1、带宽为0.02nm的窄带宽布拉格光栅，比现今分布式传感系统中使用的布拉格光栅的带宽窄1个数量级。这种布拉格光纤光栅用于分布式传感系统，可大大提高分布式传感系统中光源的带宽利用率，消除各信号间的相互串扰，提高传感光栅复用数目，降低解调系统成本。     

基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤光栅传感实验研究

提出了一种基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤布拉格光栅传感解调系统,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。此传感系统具有稳定性好、信噪比高、结构简单等特点。实验结果表明:在常温下光纤光栅传感解调系统能很好的实现光纤光栅传感信号的传感和检测;15m掺铒光纤用作增益介质可以产生较大信噪比的稳定激光输出,系统在4nm范围内的解调精度为0.04nm。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.