超级电容器技术及其低碳经济意义

介绍超级电容器结构与储能原理及大容量的储能特性和绿色环保等优点以及超级电容器技术的发展前景和在通信、电力、国防、电子产品等等众多个领域的实际应用.     

地铁通风排烟系统评价指标的实验研究

由于地铁大多处于地下封闭空间内,通风排烟系统的好坏越来越受到人们的关注,它不仅可以改善地铁空间的空气质量,还可以在发生火灾时,控制烟气的流动.因此本文整理出一套通风排烟系统的评价指标,并在缩小尺寸模型内运用有效的测量方法进行风速、温度等参数的实验测定.经过分析,整理出的评价指标可以对地铁环境的实际测量工作起到一定的建议与指导作用.     

船舶夜航光环境评价指标筛选

为了客观、全面地评价船舶夜航光环境质量,保障船舶夜航安全,从分析海上光污染的概念及其来源出发,提出了选取船舶夜航光环境评价指标应遵循“主导性、可操作性及覆盖面广”的原则;在遵循该指标选取原则的基础上,利用光学、色度学及系统工程理论,从驾驶人员视觉绩效、船舶避碰行为、通航光环境条件等3大方面筛选出19个评价指标,建立了海上光环境评价体系,并给出了通航光环境条件中背景光的亮度、背景光的色度、污染光源眩光以及污染光源闪烁度的评价标准,为船舶夜航光环境的测量与评价奠定了基础。     

传热效率——强化传热的新评价指标

本文从热耗散的角度出发,提出了一种新的衡量热量传输过程效率的物理撼.随后,本文利用最小热耗散优化原理对圆管管内空气对流换热问题进行了优化计算,同时从层流和湍流两种情况进行了优化前后的传热效率的比较.结果表明,对于管内对流换热问题,与不优化的光管相比,优化后的圆管的传热效率远高于前者,并且传热效率与努塞尔数的趋势一致.因此,本文提出的传热效率能够很好地应用于管内强化传热的评价.     

初中物理校本课程学生学习评价体系的构建

为解决校本课程评价体系缺失的共性问题,在实践教学研究的基础上,课题组以多元化评价、PTA量表评价、物理学科核心素养等理论为指导,构建了适用于初中物理校本课程新教学模式的学生学习评价体系.     

PBL视角下中学物理教育评价的途径

文章从基于问题学习（PBL）的视角,以教师在中学物理教学中的实际经验为背景,分别阐述基于传统课堂和网络环境的教育评价途径,并结合广州市新版八年级物理教材与学生实际情况,对基于PBL教学模式的物理课堂实施教育评价的效果进行了分析与探讨。     

课改背景下物理作业评价改革初探

新课程评价强调学生的参与和师生的互动,自评和他评相结合,实现评价主体的多元化.即被评价者从被动接受评价转化为主动参与评价,一改以往以管理者为主的单一评价主体的现象.     

去耦覆盖层降噪性能评价指标的理论探讨

去耦覆盖层是降低水下结构声辐射的一个重要措施。为了给工程上去耦覆盖层降噪性能评价指标的选择提供理论参考,建立了点激励力作用下敷设去耦覆盖层的四端简支撑矩形板水下振动和声辐射理论模型,定义了可能表征去耦覆盖层降噪性能的五项评价指标。研究结果表明:只有振动传递损失相对独立于基板的长度、宽度和点激励力位置,而且能较好地描述去耦覆盖层隔离基板振动向水层传递的性能;而湿面均方振速插入损失较振动传递损失则能更好地反映辐射声功率插入损失,尤其在低频。作为评价指标,振动传递损失和湿面均方振速插入损失分别有各自的优点和缺点。     

课程思政背景下将德育评价融合物理教学实践研究

德育与物理学科教学互相依存、相互促进,德育评价与物理学科教学应同步展开.试图从课前诊断评价、课堂活动评价、课后作业评价3方面阐述将德育评价有效融合于物理教学评价的措施,以期在物理教学中贯彻落实"课程思政"的理念,为立德树人探索新的途径与经验.     

新课程背景下初中物理实验教学评价初探

文章基于对教学评价助学、助教优势价值的认识把握,以推动初中物理实验教学改革创新、培养提升学生物理核心素养为目标导向,探讨了在新课程背景下运用实验教学评价优化完善初中物理实验教学的路径方法。主要包含,构建科学评价目标、确定明确评价内容、实施多元评价手段三个方面。旨在通过将实验教学评价与初中物理实验教学深度融合的方式,进一步增大、增强初中物理实验教学效益,稳步推进学生全面发展、终身发展的实现。     

Crystallographic study of grain refinement in low and medium carbon steels

In order to clarify and articulate the long-standing problems associated with the role of various compounds in grain refinement of as-cast steels, a comprehensive crystallographic study on grain refiners in a number of low carbon steels has been conducted using the edge-to-edge matching (E2EM) model, which has been successfully applied to explain and predict effective grain refiners in light metals. Five commonly investigated compounds, namely NbO, CeS, TiN, Ce₂O₃ and TiC, in steels were examined. According to the extent of crystallographic matching, the predicted grain refining potency of these five grain refiners is ranked in the order of NbO > CeS > TiN > Ce₂O₃ > TiC, which is consistent with previously reported experimental results. Four different orientation relationships between δ-ferrite and these grain refiners were predicted. One of them has been verified by previously published experimental data. The similarity and the advantages of the E2EM model over conventional Bramfitt’s model were also discussed.     

Improvement of the corrosion behavior of low carbon steel by laser surface alloying

In the present study, an integrated layer of iron aluminides of FeAl and Fe₃Al was formed on the surface of a low carbon steel sheet by a two-step process. The first step was hot dipping of the steel in a molten aluminum pool and secondly laser surface processing using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The corrosion resistance of the coated specimens was evaluated by activation polarization and Tafel methods. The results show that laser processing of the aluminized steel leads to a considerable increase in its corrosion resistance compared to both uncoated and merely aluminized materials.     

低温材料及低温钻杆的研发现状

随着目前深井和超深井的发展,以及北方、西北地区高寒地带油气井的开发,越来越多的钻杆要求具有抵抗低温或者超低温度的性能需要.低温钻杆成为目前极有发展前景的石油工业技术之一.文中在综述低温材料研究现状的基础上,阐述了低温材料钻杆的工艺现状及其发展趋势.     

Characterization of a low concentrator photovoltaics module

Low concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) systems have the potential to reduce the cost per kWh of electricity compared to conventional flat-plate photovoltaics (PV) by up to 50%. The cost-savings are realised by replacing expensive PV cells with relatively cheaper optical components to concentrate incident solar irradiance onto a receiver and by tracking the sun along either 1 axis or 2 axes. A LCPV module consists of three interrelated subsystems, viz., the optical, electrical and the thermal subsystems, which must be considered for optimal module design and performance. Successful integration of these subsystems requires the balancing of cost, performance and reliability. In this study LCPV experimental prototype modules were designed, built and evaluated with respect to optimisation of the three subsystems and overall performance. This paper reports on the optical and electrical evaluation of a prototype LCPV module.     

低偏压下单层碳纳米管的输运特征

系统地计算了各种手性碳纳米管最低导带的电子速度和有效质量的变化规律,在此基础上推断手性碳纳米管低偏压下的输运特征,计算表明:在低偏压电子输运时,同一系列(手性角相同)的各种手性金属碳纳米管的输运性质相同,与管径无关,但不同系列的手性金属碳纳米管的输运性质有明显区别;而同一系列的各种手性半导体型碳纳米管的输运性质有一定差异,但不同系列的手性半导体型碳纳米管的输运性质有着显著差异.这一结果说明:碳纳米管在低偏压下的输运特征与系列有着密切的关系,手性角是决定各种碳纳米管在低偏压下具有不同输运性质的最关键的几何参 关键词： 碳纳米管 手性角 电子速度 有效质量     

The effect of deposition temperature on the surface coverage and morphology of iron-phosphate coatings on low carbon steel

The influence of deposition temperature and concentration of NaNO₂ in the phosphating bath on the surface morphology and coverage of iron-phosphate coatings on low carbon steel was investigated. The phosphate coatings were chemically deposited on steel from phosphate bath at different temperatures (30-70 °C) and with the addition of different amounts of accelerator, NaNO₂ (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g dm⁻³). The morphology of phosphate coatings was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The composition of iron-phosphate coatings was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface coverage was evaluated by the voltammetric anodic dissolution (VAD) technique.It was shown that the increase in temperature of the NaNO₂-free phosphating bath up to 70 °C caused an increase in surface coverage. The addition of NaNO₂ in the phosphating bath significantly increased the surface coverage of phosphate coatings deposited at temperatures lower than 50 °C. The phosphate crystals were of laminated and needle-like structures for deposits obtained at temperatures lower than 50 °C, while at higher temperatures needle-like structure was transformed to laminated structure. The increase in NaNO₂ concentration in the phosphating bath from 0.1 to 1.0 g dm⁻³ did not significantly increase the surface coverage, but decreased the crystals size, consequently favouring the phosphate nucleation and better packing of the crystals.     

Improvement of sound absorption characteristics under low frequency for micro-perforated panel absorbers using super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays

Super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) arrays are grown on the surface of micro perforated panel (MPP) in the hope of improving the acoustic performance of MPP absorbers by virtue of their unique properties. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that SACNT arrays did not block the perforations of MPPs or changed the perforation diameter due to their “super-aligned” nature, although MPPs are thickened. The absorption effect of SACNT arrays which are of the same and different lengths with different incident side on MPP absorbers are investigated, and standing wave tube method is used to determine the normal sound absorption coefficient. Results show that both of the lengths of SACNT arrays and the incident side have effects on the sound absorption performance of MPP absorbers. And generally SACNT arrays help to improve the sound absorption capacity of MPP absorbers in low-frequency regions only when the SACNT arrays surface is the incident side. SACNT arrays decrease absorption performance of MPP absorbers when the MPP surface is used as the incident side. Moreover, SACNT arrays are found to increase the acoustic ability of MPP absorbers with the same structure parameters monotonically at lengths up to 600 μm in the condition that the SACNT arrays surface is used as the incident side.     

Effects of low cut-off frequency of optical receiver on the performance of lightwave systems using pilot tones

We investigate the effects of low cut-off frequency of optical receiver on the performance of lightwave systems. The results show that we can reduce the tone-induced power penalty by ∼0.8 dB (tone frequency = 1 MHz) using a high-pass filter in the optical receiver. In addition, our calculation shows that the power penalty can be negligible (<0.1 dB) even when the low cut-off frequency of the 10 Gb/s optical receiver is increased up to ∼10 MHz.     

碳纳米管在大气压环境中的场致发射特性

研究了在大气压环境下,单根碳纳米管作为场致发射阴极,与阳极间距为100—200 nm时的场致发射特性.对比了碳纳米管在不同阴阳极间距和不同气体环境中的场致发射电流和噪声的特点. 关键词： 碳纳米管 场致发射 大气压     

表面粗糙度对玻璃钢材料放气速率影响的试验研究

设计了一套基于压差流量法的试验装置来测量不同表面粗糙度玻璃钢试样的放气速率;采用两种砂纸(100#和500#)打磨而得到两种不同表面粗糙度玻璃钢试样;采用扫描探针显微镜对试样表面粗糙度进行测量,测量了不同表面粗糙度试样在不同温度下的放气速率。试验结果表明:测量室温度越高,玻璃钢试样的放气速率越大;试样的表面粗糙度越大,其放气速率越大。