玉米支链淀粉在单糖、寡糖水溶液中的粘度行为

通过乌氏粘度计和数字流变仪研究了玉米支链淀粉在单糖和寡糖溶液中的特性粘度和表观粘度.发现在稀溶液中,玉米支链淀粉的特性粘度随糖浓度的增加而降低;浓溶液中,玉米支链淀粉的糖溶液的表观粘度随糖浓度的增加而升高.小分子糖对支链淀粉在糖溶液中的特性粘度和表观粘度的影响由强到弱依次为蔗糖>麦芽糖>葡萄糖>半乳糖>果糖.     

利用光吸收特性鉴定直、支链淀粉纯品质量

本文报道依据马铃薯及谷物直、支链淀粉的光吸收特性来鉴定直、支链淀粉纯品质量,与用碘结合量测定直、支链淀粉标准物质的纯度相比较,其方法简单可靠。     

聚乙烯醇－淀粉共混溶液流变特性研究

聚乙烯醇－淀粉共混溶液流变特性研究邱威扬，邱贤华，喻继文，吴素果（江西科学院应用化学研究所南昌３３００２９）关键词聚乙烯醇，淀粉，共混，流变特性淀粉塑料是目前国内外研究的热点，各国已宣布研制成功多种淀粉塑料．据报道８０年代末以来，生产量以７５％的年增...     

聚乙烯醇－淀粉共混溶液流变特性研究

聚乙烯醇－淀粉共混溶液流变特性研究邱威扬，邱贤华，喻继文，吴素果（江西科学院应用化学研究所南昌３３００２９）关键词聚乙烯醇，淀粉，共混，流变特性淀粉塑料是目前国内外研究的热点，各国已宣布研制成功多种淀粉塑料．据报道８０年代末以来，生产量以７５％的年增...     

气流超微粉碎对马铃薯淀粉颗粒形貌及理化性质的影响

为探讨气流超微粉碎对马铃薯淀粉颗粒形貌及理化性质的影响,以马铃薯淀粉为原料,利用流化床气流粉碎机在不同分级转速条件下制备超微粉,采用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析仪、X射线衍射仪、快速黏度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪等研究气流超微粉碎对马铃薯淀粉颗粒形貌、颗粒大小及分布、晶体结构、糊化特性、热力学特性、溶解度、膨胀度和冻融稳定性等性质的影响。结果表明,马铃薯淀粉经气流超微粉碎后,淀粉颗粒表面粗糙且有棱角和裂纹,颗粒形状变的不规则,粒度减小且尺寸分布不均,在分级转速3000r/min时颗粒平均粒径由39.75μm减小至13.38μm;粉碎后淀粉粉体松装密度和振实密度降低,压缩度增大;粉碎没有改变淀粉的晶体结构,但结晶度降低;粉碎降低了淀粉糊的衰减黏度和回生黏度,淀粉的热糊及冷糊稳定性较好,降低了淀粉糊化温度和热吸收焓,提高了淀粉溶解度和膨胀度,改变了淀粉冻融稳定性。研究结果为淀粉干法物理改性技术研究和马铃薯淀粉深加工与高值化利用提供理论依据及参考。     

半夏淀粉的理化特性

研究了不同产地的4种半夏淀粉的理化特性,包括直链淀粉含量、膨胀度、溶解性、持水性、淀粉粒大小和形貌、结晶类型、热特性和糊化特性等。结果表明,这些半夏淀粉中直链淀粉含量为18.60%～23.91%;膨胀度21.53%～23.09%;溶解度11.5%～32.3%;持水性100.3%～119.0%。淀粉粒单粒球形,卵形或圆半球形,直径2～20μm,复粒由2～3个分粒组成,其结晶类型均为C型,结晶度15.0%～37.9%。用差示扫描量热仪测得的转变温度TO、TP和TC分别为71.58～77.75℃、83.03～83.84℃和89.41～90.99℃,热焓为4.316～5.809 J/g。用快速粘度分析仪测定了4种半夏淀粉的糊化特征值:峰值粘度、热糊粘度、冷糊粘度、稀懈值和回复值分别为149.5～226.2、97.7～127.2、141.8～194.3、50.4～99.0和44.2～67.2 RVU。糊化温度77.8～79.9℃,峰值时间8.3～8.7 min。     

马铃薯淀粉磷酸酯的物理化学特性

通过与玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉相比较,研究了马铃薯淀粉磷酸酯（PEPS）的理化特性,包括粘度的测定,热糊与冷糊的稳定性,不同pH值及电解质（NaCl)和非电解质（蔗糖）存在下的粘度曲线,凝胶强度及冻融稳定性,结果表明,马铃薯淀粉磷酸酯比玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉具有更优良的热糊与冷糊的稳定性,电解质(NaCl）和非电解质（蔗糖）的存在,对其热糊与冷糊的稳定性基本元影响,凝胶强度高,冻融稳定性好,尤其是耐酸性能强。     

微电泳法研究变性淀粉对表面活性剂的吸附作用

变性淀粉是天然淀粉经过物理、化学或酶法处理后得到的性质发生了改变的产品。经过变性,淀粉的性能得到了大大改善,广泛应用于纺织、造纸、食品、医药、卫生、油汽开采、机械铸造、建筑材料和水处理等领域[1,2]。变性淀粉的种类很多,就化学离子特性而言,就有酸解淀粉、氧化淀粉     

淀粉囊化农药控释缓释技术

介绍了近20年来淀粉囊化农药控释缓释技术的研究和发展概况，详细综述和讨论了淀粉囊化技术的囊化方法、影响释放特性的主要因素、制品耐水性问题的解决办法、开发应用研究及发展前景。     

顺丁烯二酸酐羧化淀粉的制备

顺丁烯二酸酐羧化淀粉的制备;淀粉;顺丁烯二酸酐;羧化     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.