On purely inseparable extensions and their generators

Let be a field of characteristic and a polynomial algebra in two variables. By a -generator of we mean an element of for which there exist and such that . We also define a -line of to mean any element of whose coordinate ring is that of a -generator. Then we prove that if is such that is a -line of (where is an indeterminate over ), then is a -generator of . This is analogous to the well-known fact that if is such that is a line of , then is a variable of . We also prove that if is a -line of for which there exist and such that , then is in fact a -generator of .

     

The range of a ring homomorphism from a commutative -algebra

We prove that if a commutative semi-simple Banach algebra is the range of a ring homomorphism from a commutative -algebra, then is -equivalent, i.e. there are a commutative -algebra and a bicontinuous algebra isomorphism between and . In particular, it is shown that the group algebras , and the disc algebra are not ring homomorphic images of -algebras.

     

-regular maps on smooth manifolds

A continuous map is said to be -regular if whenever are distinct points of , then are linearly independent over . For smooth manifolds we obtain new lower bounds on the minimum for which a -regular map can exist in terms of the dual Stiefel-Whitney classes of .

     

The modular group algebra problem for metacyclic -groups

It is shown that the isomorphism type of a metacyclic -group is determined by its group algebra over the field of elements. This completes work of Baginski. It is also shown that, if a -group has a cyclic commutator subgroup , then the order of the largest cyclic subgroup containing is determined by .

     

Amenability and weak amenability of second conjugate Banach algebras

For a Banach algebra , amenability of necessitates amenability of , and similarly for weak amenability provided is a left ideal in . For a locally compact group, indeed more generally, is amenable if and only if is finite. If is weakly amenable, then is weakly amenable.

     

Transformations conjugate to their inverses have even essential values

Let be an ergodic automorphism defined on a standard Borel probability space for which and are isomorphic. We study the structure of the conjugating automorphisms and attempt to gain information about the structure of . It was shown in Ergodic transformations conjugate to their inverses by involutions by Goodson et al. (Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 16 (1996), 97--124) that if is ergodic having simple spectrum and isomorphic to its inverse, and if is a conjugation between and (i.e. satisfies ), then , the identity automorphism. We give a new proof of this result which shows even more, namely that for such a conjugation , the unitary operator induced by on must have a multiplicity function whose essential values on the ortho-complement of the subspace are always even. In particular, we see that can be weakly mixing, so the corresponding must have even maximal spectral multiplicity (regarding as an even number).

     

Rational nodal curves with no smooth Weierstrass points

Let denote the rational curve with nodes obtained from the Riemann sphere by identifying 0 with and with for , where is a primitive th root of unity. We show that if is even, then has no smooth Weierstrass points, while if is odd, then has smooth Weierstrass points.

     

-analyticity

Let be a finite-dimensional commutative algebra over and let , and be the ring of -differentiable functions of class , the ring of real analytic mappings with values in and the ring of -analytic functions, respectively, defined on an open subset of . We prove two basic results concerning -differentiability and -analyticity: ) , ) if and only if is defined over .

     

The second iterate of a map with dense orbit

Suppose that is a Hausdorff topological space having no isolated points and that is continuous. We show that if the orbit of a point under is dense in while the orbit of under is not, then the space decomposes into three sets relative to which the dynamics of are easy to describe. This decomposition has the following consequence: suppose that has dense orbit under and that the closure of the set of points of having odd period under has nonempty interior; then has dense orbit under .

     

Oscillatory singular integrals on and Hardy spaces

We consider boundedness properties of oscillatory singular integrals on and Hardy spaces. By constructing a phase function, we prove that boundedness may fail while boundedness holds for all . This shows that the theory and theory for such operators are fundamentally different.

     

Correspondences of closed submodules

If is an -faithful -module, then there is an order-preserving correspondence between the closed -submodules of and the closed -submodules of , where .

     

On fully invariant ideals of the free group algebra

Let be the group algebra of a free noncyclic group over an integral domain . It is proved that if is not a field, then there exists a fully invariant ideal of such is torsion-free but not projective as an -module. In other words, there exists a pure nonprojective variety of group representations over .

     

The boundedness of Riesz

Let be a finite nonzero Borel measure in satisfying for all and and some . If the Riesz -transform

is essentially bounded, then is an integer. We also give a related result on the -boundedness.

     

On contravariant finiteness of subcategories of modules of projective dimension

Let be an artin algebra. This paper presents a sufficient condition for the subcategory of to be contravariantly finite in , where is the subcategory of consisting of --modules of projective dimension less than or equal to . As an application of this condition it is shown that is contravariantly finite in for each when is stably equivalent to a hereditary algebra.

     

The statistics of continued fractions for polynomials over a finite field

Given a finite field of order and polynomials of degrees respectively, there is the continued fraction representation . Let denote the number of such pairs for which and for . We give both an exact recurrence relation, and an asymptotic analysis, for . The polynomial associated with the recurrence relation turns out to be of P-V type. We also study the distribution of . Averaged over all and as above, this presents no difficulties. The average value of is , and there is full information about the distribution. When is fixed and only is allowed to vary, we show that this is still the average. Moreover, few pairs give a value of that differs from this average by more than

     

Derivations with Engel conditions on multilinear polynomials

Let be a prime algebra over a commutative ring with unity and let be a multilinear polynomial over . Suppose that is a nonzero derivation on such that for all in some nonzero ideal of , with fixed. Then is central--valued on except when char and satisfies the standard identity in 4 variables.

     

On free group algebras in division rings with uncountable center

Let be a division algebra with uncountable center . If contains a noncommutative free -algebra, then also contains the -group algebra of the free group of rank 2.

     

Finite and -resolvability

A topological space is -resolvable if has disjoint dense subsets. In this paper, we prove that if is -resolvable for each positive integer , then is -resolvable.

     

On a measure-theoretic problem of Arveson

A probability measure on a product space is said to be bistochastic with respect to measures on and on if the marginals and are exactly and . A solution is presented to a problem of Arveson about sets which are of measure zero for all such .