Fluorescence properties of Bi4Ge3O12(BGO) single crystals under laser excitation: Excited state dynamics and saturation effects

Laser-excited techniques were used to investigate the optical properties of bismuth germanate crystals. Absorption, reflectivity, excitation, emission, lifetime, time-resolved fluorescence, photoconductivity, thermally stimulated conductivity measurements were performed at various temperatures on single crystals of different origins.The absorption is shown to occur in bismuth and germanate centers while both intrinsic and perturbed Bi³⁺ ions together with impurities contribute to the total fluorescence.The emission mechanism at room temperature involves a thermally activated energy migration, and at low temperature localized emitting centers. Formation of deep holes in the wide emission band at room temperature reveals saturation effects on various luminescent centers, promoted by energy migration. Trapped exciton models are proposed to explain the excited state dynamics occurring at low and room temperature.     

Laser time-resolved spectroscopy: Investigations of energy transfer in Eu3+ and Er3+ doped YVO4

Host-sensitized energy transfer in YVO₄ crystals doped with Eu³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions was investigated using laser excited time-resolved spectroscopy techniques. The results are consistent with a model in which the energy is transferred by a single step process from self- trapped excitons to activators at low temperatures, and by thermally activated exciton hopping at high temperatures. The rate of the latter process is found to be strongly affected by the trapping step with activator-induced host traps playing an important part in the trapping process. Time-resolved spectroscopy techniques are shown to be expecially useful in separately determining the characteristics of migration and trapping processes in exciton energy transfer. The parameters describing these processes are determined for the systems investigated using both diffusion and generalized random walk theories.     

3-Pentanone LIF at elevated temperatures and pressures: measurements and modeling

The objective of this study is to investigate 3-pentanone fluorescence experiments in a constant volume vessel at high temperature and high pressure to underline the influent parameters in conditions close to those encountered in internal combustion engines. To obtain quantitative analysis, measured fluorescence signals must be corrected by considering the influence of preponderant parameters such as temperature, pressure and gas composition. Quantitative dependences of fluorescence on thermodynamic parameters are measured and compared with the predictions of a photophysical model, which combines the effects of temperature, pressure, excitation wavelength on fluorescence quantum yield. The increase of 3-pentanone fluorescence with pressure is due to the vibrational relaxation of energy levels. The fluorescence decreases with increasing temperature, except at low temperature where the fluorescence increase is due to an activation of intersystem crossing between triplet toward singlet levels. The influences of thermodynamic parameters are based on an increase of the non-radiative decay rate with the vibrational energy level of excited electronic state and the important collisions to remove the excess vibrational energy. Experimental and calculated results show a satisfactory agreement. PACS 33.20; 33.50; 34.90     

Cd3Al2Ge3O12锗酸盐石榴石中Cr3+的宽发射带和R线

本文首次报道了掺杂不同浓度Cr3+的Cd3Al2Ge3O12锗酸盐石榴石在295K和77K温度下的荧光光谱、Cr3+的鲜红色宽带发射强度与激励功率的关系及荧光衰减.发现在Cr3+的荧光光谱中存在从15400cm-1延伸到11400cm-1附近的宽带、两组R线及R线的Stokes和反Stokes振动光谱.295K时以宽带发射为主,77K时宽带明显减弱,R线发射显着增强.在Cd3Al2Ge3O12石榴石中,Cr3+离子的光谱是由两个性质上稍有差异的Cr3+中心发射组成的.     

Heat source optimization in a multisection heater for the growth of bismuth germanate crystals by the low-gradient Czochralski method

The growth of bismuth germanate crystals with uniform heater control has been simulated within the time-dependent approach. To optimize the multisection heater control, the global heat transfer optimization problem in a crystallization setup was considered. A new control algorithm, based on the solution of the optimization problem, is proposed.     

Amplitude-Phase Effects in Acousto-Optical Interaction in Gyrotropic Cubic Crystals

The amplitude-phase features of an intermediate regime of light diffraction on ultrasound in gyrotropic cubic crystals have been investigated. It is established that in the gyrotropic medium excited by ultrasound two coupled phase lattices of photoelasticity appear as a result of the rotation of the polarization planes of interacting waves. These lattices determine the polarization and energy characteristics of a diffracted light. For a gyrotropic cubic crystal of bismuth germanate, good agreement between the theoretical and experimental dependences of the efficiency of diffraction on the ultrasonic intensity in the intermediate regime close to the Bragg regime of diffraction is obtained.     

波导适用型铝锗酸盐玻璃中铥离子上转换荧光光子输出与量子产率定量

制备了适用于钾钠离子交换波导的Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂铝锗酸盐玻璃,利用积分球配以光纤光谱仪在975nm激光泵浦下对玻璃的上转换荧光进行测试,解析出样品的绝对荧光特征参量。测试与计算结果显示,在380℃的KNO3熔盐中,Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂的铝锗酸盐玻璃的钾钠离子交换有效扩散系数为0.070μm~2/min,热离子交换过程易于控制。铝锗酸盐玻璃样品中,Tm~(3+)主要发出477 nm蓝光和806 nm近红外光,其中近红外光为支配性发射。绝对荧光参数和激发功率密度呈正相关,当功率密度达到1 482 W/cm2时,三光子上转换蓝光的绝对光谱功率、净发射光子数和量子产率分别为269μW、6.46×10~(14)/s和1.43×10~(-4),双光子近红外光上转换对应的3个参量分别为4 024μW、1.63×10~(16)/s和3.61×10~(-3)。基于波导适用型铝锗酸盐玻璃中Tm~(3+)上转换荧光的绝对化表征,为进一步研发光电子器件和激光材料提供了有益的数据参考。     

Luminescence and energy transfer in TbAl3B4O12

An investigation of the luminescence properties of TbAl₃B₄O₁₂ in the temperature region 1.4–300 K is reported. Laser site-selection and time-resolution techniques were used.The results show that energy migration among Tb³⁺ ions on the regular crystallographic sites occurs. The transfer characteristics at room temperature are consistent with a diffusion-limited transfer process to Mo³⁺ quenching centres. The diffusion constant and the critical transfer distance for Tb³⁺ → Mo³⁺ transfer are derived. The rate of diffusion increases for decreasing temperature. At about 60 K a transition from diffusion-limited transfer to trapping-limited transfer occurs. This behaviour is due to the variation in the diffusion constant with temperature. In the temperature region below 60 K transfer to Tb³⁺ traps is observed. The intensity of the emission from the traps increases exponentially with decreasing temperature. However, the overall transfer rate to Mo³⁺ and traps remains roughly constant. A simple model including time-independent transfer rates and back transfer from traps to intrinsic Tb³⁺ ions is proposed to explain the results. The rates of transfer to Mo³⁺ and traps are obtained.     

掺铒重金属氧氟硅铋酸盐玻璃的光谱性质

研究了重金属氧氟硅铋酸盐玻璃 (50-x)SiO2 xBi2O3 50PbF2(x=0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 15 mol%)中Er3+离子的吸收光谱、荧光光谱、荧光半高宽、荧光 寿命和热稳定性能.应用Judd Ofelt理论计算了玻璃的强度参数Ωt(t=2,4,6)，应用 McCumber计算了能级4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的受激发射截面. 结果发现荧光半高宽与Ω6有较大联系，Ω6越大，荧光半高宽越宽.对Er3+ 关键词： 重金属氧氟硅铋酸盐玻璃 光谱性质 Er3+离子 Judd Ofelt参数     

Concentration of radiation displacement defects in BSO and BGO crystals irradiated by electrons or neutrons

This work is devoted to the calculation of the concentration of radiation displacement defects (RDD) in bismuth germanate and bismuth silicate crystals as a function of particle energy (electrons and neutrons). Energy dependencies of RDD concentrations are discussed in comparison with results for other complex oxide crystals. The obtained results show that for the case of electron irradiation the radiation hardness of BSO and BGO should be similar to other oxide crystals, but for neutrons is drastically smaller. Additionally, for the neutron irradiation, the efficiency of the production of defects in the oxide sublattice is drastically smaller than for other oxide crystals.      

磷酸盐、锗酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃中Ce3+、Tb3+、Er3+、Tm3+离子的发光和敏化作用的研究——Ⅰ.吸收光谱、荧光光谱和激发光谱

研究了在不同基质玻璃中Ce3+、Tb3+、Er3+和Tm3+离子的吸收、荧光和激发光谱,对发光强度进行了定量的测定。研究了玻璃基质的紫外吸收对发光的影响,并且讨论了无机玻璃的配位场与上述稀土离子的相互作用。     

Femtosecond Laser-Written Waveguides in a Bismuth Germanate Single Crystal

We demonstrate the fabrication of symmetric waveguides in a bismuth germanate （BGO） single crystal using a double line approach by an 80Ohm [emtosecond laser. The optical attenuation of the single mode waveguide is measured to be 4.2 dB/cm at 633nm. The influence of pulse energy and focal depth on the end facet of the irradiated region is also studied. This technique is promising to fabricate buried BGO waveguide arrays used in positron emission tomography systems.     

石榴石型Cd3Al2Ge3O12:Tb化合物的发光

对具有石榴石型的镉铝锗酸盐Cd3Al2Ge3O12(CAGG)磷光体的合成、光致发光、阴极射线发光及磷光衰减特性进行了研究.254nm紫外光停止激发后,CAGG:Tb呈现强而长的Tb3+离子的特征的黄绿光辐射.基质和磷光体的磷光衰减都符合B=At-α关系式.对这种磷光现象进行了讨论.     

Laser Charecteristics of a New Dye: 7-Diethylamino-3-cyano Benzimidazo(1,2-a)quinoline by Energy Transfer Dye Laser Mechanism

An experimental study of the laser characteristics, by energy transfer machanism of a new dye: 7-Diethylamino-3-Cyano Benzimidazo (1,2-a) Quinoline (DCBQ) using 7-Diethylamiho-4-Methyl Coumarin (Coumarin 1,DAMC) as a donor are presented. The effect of the concentration of the components on the lasing characteristics like peak power and wavelength of lasing of dye mixture is studied and discussed. The effect of the solvents on the fluorescence energy transfer has also been studied to ascertain the nature of the transfer mechanism involved. The fluorescence energy transfer rate constant(k_ET) and the critical transfer distance(R_o) are experimentally determined and also calculatee theoretically. These results indicate the dominance of resonance transfer in this energy transfer dye laser.     

Multiphonon relaxation of rare earth ions in borate,phosphate, germanate and tellurite glasses

Non-radiative multiphonon relaxation rates were obtained for excited electronic states in borate, phosphate, germanate and tellurite glasses. The rates were calculated from the intensities of fluorescence in the visible range of the spectrum, the measured radiative transitions and the decay times of fluorescence. A functional dependence was found between the relaxation rates and the energy gaps of the rare earth ion. It was shown that by changing the glass host from the borate to tellurite matrix, an increase in visible fluorescence was achieved. This was especially notable in Er³⁺, where the increase of fluorescence from germanate to tellurite was by a factor of 15.     

苯酚磺酞类酸性染料与人血清白蛋白的结合

在人体条件下 ,用荧光光谱法研究了苯酚磺酞类酸性染料苯酚红、甲酚红、氯酚红、溴甲酚紫、间甲酚紫与人血清白蛋白 (HSA)之间的相互作用。实验表明 :苯酚磺酞类酸性染料对人血清白蛋白的荧光有较强的猝灭作用 ,其荧光猝灭主要为静态猝灭 ,从荧光猝灭结果求得不同温度下各染料与HSA的结合常数K ,发现染料取代基的引入使K值增大 ,且随反应温度上升K值下降。由染料与HSA反应焓变、熵变 ,确定染料与HSA的结合主要是静电引力。依据非辐射能量转移机理 ,探讨了不同温度下该类染料与HSA相互结合时 ,其给体 受体间距离和能量转移效率。进一步证实了该类反应为单一静态猝灭过程 ,且阐明了其猝灭机理是通过能量转移产生的。     

Giant dipole resonance in55Mn* studied with the BGO detector

High-energy gamma-rays emitted in the decay of the giant dipole resonance built on excited states of⁵⁵Mn nucleus were measured with a bismuth germanate detector. Resonance parameters were extracted from the fits to the experimental spectra. Two new high-energy calibration points originating from slow-neutron capture in germanium isotopes of bismuth germanate crystal are proposed for large-volume BGO detectors.     

NO2分子内能传递和弛豫过程的光声和荧光光谱探测

将荧光光谱和光声光谱两种互补的探测技术结合起来,从辐射和无辐射跃迁两个方面,分析了 532nm激光作用下,NO2分子的激发和弛豫过程.发现NO2分子在激光作用下,将跃迁至第一激发电子态.当样品气压较低时,受激NO2分子除辐射荧光外,可通过快速的内能转移过程实现在几个振转能级的再布居;随样品气压的升高,分子间碰撞加剧,受激NO2分子通过分子间的碰撞,实现在多个振转能级的再布居.激光布居能级的荧光辐射效率随样品气压的升高逐渐降低,而长波区域的荧光辐射及光声信号强度逐渐增强,说明在高样品气压条件下,受激NO2分子的弛豫过程除辐射荧光外,还存在很强的碰撞弛豫过程,在碰撞弛豫过程中受激NO2分子将振动能转化为热运动的平动能,引起温度升高而产生很强的声信号.     

1-乙酰乙酰基-3-甲基吲哚对稀土离子能量传递过程研究

通过1-乙酰乙酰基-3-甲基吲哚(I3MK)与各种稀土离子在77K乙醇刚性溶液体系中的荧光光谱、磷光光谱的测定,进行了I3MK向稀土离子能量传递过程的静态分析;从I3MK和I3MK-Tb(Ⅲ)体系的荧光寿命、磷光寿命、量子产率,时间分辨光谱等,计算了各主要能量传递过程的速率常数和能量传递效率,进行了该体系能量传递过程的动态分析,提出了Perrin公式的修正参数,讨论了I3MK-Tb(Ⅲ)体系的能量传递机理.     

LiYF4:Nd3+中脉冲光泵浦的上转换蓝光

本文报道利用578.4nm的脉冲光泵浦,在室温和77K下,观察到LiYF4:Nd3+单晶中的上转换蓝光。由发光强度与泵浦光强度平方的直线关系,确定此上转换过程是双光子过程.通过对吸收谱和激发谱以及衰减曲线的研究,确定其上转换激发机制为两步激发和能量传递上转换。