有中心缺陷孔的椭圆孔光子晶体光纤传输特性研究

基于超格子构造法,采用全矢量模型研究了具有中心缺陷孔的椭圆光子晶体光纤的传输特性。着重讨论了中心缺陷孔对光纤中基模的模场分布、双折射特性和色散特性的影响。研究表明：与椭圆孔光子晶体光纤相比。由于中心椭圆缺陷孔的引入,使该光纤具有更高的模式双折射。光纤的传输特性对光纤的结构参量和波长具有较强的依赖关系。随着波长和中心缺陷孔的增加。双折射将增大,其模式双折射在10^-3量级。改变光纤的结构参量,可以获得超宽带的色散平坦或异常的色散特性。分析结果显示,当中心孔的尺寸de／D=0．4时。在波长1．55μm附近,可获得近400nm的色散平坦区。     

基于双鱼网结构的可见光波段超材料

基于双鱼网左手模型的思想,使用模板辅助化学电沉积的方法制备出不同结构周期的金属银纳米网格,并进一步实现了可见光波段的双鱼网结构超材料.随着结构周期的减小,金属银纳米网格透射通带位置出现蓝移.使用周期为420 nm的金属银纳米网格组装成双鱼网结构,样品在610 nm处出现透射增强及平板聚焦效应.倘若使用结构周期更小的模板,有望实现更短波长,甚至蓝光波段的双鱼网结构超材料. 关键词： 超材料 双鱼网结构 可见光 平板聚焦     

带有实时温度补偿功能的微型光谱仪研制

解调飞机上变栅距光栅位移传感器的微型光谱仪在受到严重的高低温冲击后会出现温度漂移。针对航空领域中变栅距光栅位移传感器的解调系统研制了一种具有实时温度补偿功能的微型光纤光谱仪。为了实现实时温度补偿,分析了温度变化对微型光谱仪的影响,并对传统的交叉式Czerny-Turner光路进行了优化,用ZEMAX软件模拟得到：在相同的受热产生的变形条件下,优化的C-T光路光谱漂移量相比优化前的更小且整体漂移线性度更好。在此基础上提出了一种引入参考光来实现实时温度补偿的方法,并最终基于改进的C-T光路制作了一个体积为80 mm×70 mm×70 mm、工作波段在500～1 000 nm、积分时间为8 ms～1 000 ms、光学分辨率约为2 nm的微型光纤光谱仪,用实验验证了优化的C-T光路的光谱温度漂移情况及温度补偿方案的可行性。实验结果表明在近60 ℃范围内的温度冲击下,研制的微型光谱仪能够达到波长标准误差小于0.1 nm,波长最大误差小于传感器系统所要求的0.3 nm,满足初始的设计要求。该微型光谱仪的创新之处在于采用了优化的交叉式C-T光路作为色散系统且基于引入参考光的方法实现了实时温度补偿功能。     

吸收介质膜/金属空芯光纤的太赫兹波传输特性

介质/金属结构空芯光纤是一种有发展前景的太赫兹波传输媒质.介质膜在有效增加内面反射率从而降低传输损耗的同时,其材料吸收会引起附加损耗.讨论了介质材料吸收对太赫兹空芯光纤结构参数的影响.计算结果表明,相比于无吸收的理想介质,吸收介质的最优膜厚变小.最优折射率变大.综合考虑了光纤内直径、介质膜折射率和传输波长等因素,分析了介质膜的材料吸收容限.分析结果表明,吸收容限随光纤内直径减小或传输波长增大而减小.当光纤内直径很小或传输波长很大时,吸收容限可能不存在.分析结果对介质/金属太赫兹空芯光纤的设计和材料选择具有重要参考价值.     

用于POF的高性能共振腔发光二极管

提出用AlGaAs材料为n型下DBR,AlGaInP材料为p型上DBR,GaInP/AlGaInP多量子阱为有源区来制备650nm波长的共振腔发光二极管（RCLED）.用传输矩阵法对器件的结构进行了理论设计,并制备了RCLED和普通LED两种结构.测试结果表明,RCLED有更高的发光效率,是普通LED的近1.3倍,当注入电流从3mA增加到30mA时,RCLED的峰值波长只变化了1nm,而普通LED的波长则变化了7nm,且RCLED的光谱半宽窄,远场发散角小. 关键词： 发光二极管 共振腔 金属有机物化学气相淀积     

周期结构薄膜在折射率色散下反射区特性研究

周期性结构是光学薄膜设计的基本物理模型,给出了反射区中心波长的一般性条件,研究了在膜层材料存在折射率色散情况下,等厚周期结构和非等厚周期结构的薄膜反射区中心波长与带宽特性.研究结果表明:在等厚和非等厚周期结构中,考虑膜层材料折射率色散与忽略色散情况相比,中心波长向长波方向移动,反射级次与相对波数的线性关系偏离;在薄膜光学厚度一定的非等厚周期结构中,高折射率层光学厚度大于低折射率层时,反射级次与相对波数的线性关系偏离度高;非等厚周期结构薄膜的带宽在低反射级次上小于等厚周期结构,同时膜层的色散对反射带宽影响不大.     

一种高准确度光纤光栅波长解调系统

为了消除F-P滤波器的温度特性对光纤光栅波长解调系统准确度的影响,提出了一种采用F-P标准具作为波长参考计算波长的方法,设计了一种高准确度波长解调系统,并采用虚拟仪器开发平台LabWindows/CVI实现了光谱数据的滤波、寻峰及波长计算算法.测试结果表明,该系统的重复性误差小于1.56 pm,稳定性误差小于1.13 pm.     

ZnS/CdS复合窗口层对CdTe太阳能电池短波光谱响应的影响

采用磁控溅射法制备了ZnS/CdS复合窗口层,并将其应用于CdTe太阳能电池。对所制备薄膜的形貌和结构等进行了研究。测试了具有不同窗口层的CdTe太阳电池的量子效率和光Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性,分析了ZnS薄膜制备条件对CdTe电池器件性能影响;研究了CdS薄膜厚度和ZnS/CdS复合窗口层对短波区透过率以及CdTe太阳电池的光谱响应的影响。着重研究了具有ZnS/CdS复合窗口层的CdTe太阳电池的短波光谱响应。结果表明,CdS窗口层厚度从100 nm减至50 nm后,其对短波区光子透过率平均提高了18.3%,CdTe太阳电池短波区光谱响应平均提高了27.6%。衬底温度250 ℃条件下制备的ZnS晶粒尺寸小于室温下制备的ZnS。具有ZnS/CdS复合窗口层的CdTe电池中,采用衬底温度250 ℃沉积ZnS薄膜来制备窗口层的电池器件,其性能要优于室温下沉积ZnS制备窗口层的电池器件。这说明晶粒尺寸的大小对电子输运有一定影响。在相同厚度CdS的前提下,具有ZnS/CdS复合窗口层的CdTe电池比具有CdS窗口层在短波的光谱响应提高了约2%。这说明ZnS/CdS复合窗口层能够做到减少对短波光子的吸收,从而使更多的光子被CdTe电池的吸收层吸收。     

Wideband FSS for electromagnetic architecture in buildings

Interweaving the elements of a frequency selective surface (FSS) is a technique that allows wideband frequency filtering as well as size reduction. FSS structures using this method are well suited to wireless indoor applications where the operating bands are spread over a wide spectrum. Interwoven square loop slots FSS have been designed, fabricated and measured. The FSS structure to be presented offers transparency at the emergency services band at around 400 MHz and suppresses most of the mobile and wireless bands up to 3 GHz. The size of the unit cell developed is around 3% of the corresponding wavelength, significantly smaller than a half wavelength resonant dipole.     

Sub-50 nm patterning by immersion interference lithography using a Littrow prism as a Lloyd's interferometer

We present a simple setup that combines immersion lithography with a Lloyd's mirror interferometer. Aiming for smaller structure sizes, we have replaced the usual Lloyd's interferometer by a triangular Littrow prism with one metal-coated side, which acts as a mirror. Because of the higher refractive index of the prism, the wavelength and, thus, the attainable structure sizes, are decreased significantly. Using a laser with a wavelength of 244nm, we could produce line patterns with a period of less than 100nm and a width of 45nm. The introduced setup retains all the advantages of a Lloyd's mirror interferometer, in particular the flexibility in periodicity.     

Microbead dynamics in optical trap assisted nanopatterning

An optically pumped ZnO nanowire laser with a 10-period SiO₂/SiN _x distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) was demonstrated. Stimulated emissions with equally distributed Fabry–Pérot lasing modes were observed at pumping powers larger than 121 kW/cm². This result, when compared to nanowires of the same length and without a DBR structure, shows that a lower threshold of pumping power, higher quality factor, and larger cavity finesse can be achieved due to the high reflectivity of the DBR in the designed wavelength range. A coexistence of stimulated and spontaneous emissions was also observed above threshold and was attributed to partially confined waveguide modes in nanowires with diameters smaller than 100 nm.     

CdS掺Mg和Ni电子结构和光学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对闪锌矿结构CdS和CdS∶M(M=Mg,Ni)几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度和光学性质进行了系统的研究。几何结构研究对掺杂后体系晶格常量进行了优化计算,结果表明Mg和Ni原子掺入CdS后晶格常量均减小,晶格发生局部畸变。进一步研究了掺杂对体系电子结构的影响,能带结构和电子态密度分析表明由于Ni 3d电子的引入使CdS∶Ni成为半金属铁磁半导体,而Mg 3s电子的引入CdS∶Mg带隙变宽。另外,体系掺杂后,吸收系数分析表明掺杂导致吸收峰在可见光波长区域变化显著,且掺Ni导致吸收峰进一步向长波方向移动。     

二维周期性多孔La_(0.83)Sr_(0.17)Mn_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)O_3发射率研究

基于麦克斯韦方程组,利用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)计算了二维周期性多孔钙钛矿型氧化物La_(0.83)Sr_(0.17)Mn_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)O_3(LSMZO)的光谱特性,讨论了结构尺寸对光谱特性的影响。计算结果表明,当孔径约比热辐射波长小一个量级时,周期性多孔LSMZO的发射率比块体材料有所提高,这对改善热致变色材料的性能具有一定的指导意义。     

Third order harmonics generation in multilayer nanoshells

Third order harmonics generation has been investigated for multilayer nanoshell structure. Numerical calculations show that the nonlinear susceptibility of this structure depends on the parameters such as size and kind of structure, relaxation time and pump photon energy. The intensity and position of third order nonlinear susceptibility peaks depend on shell thicknesses; smaller thicknesses have peak susceptibility at shorter wavelength.     

Long-wavelength GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb DFB lasers emitting near 2.6 μm

We have successfully fabricated and characterized room temperature continuous wave (cw) GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb distributed feedback lasers emitting in the wavelength region between 2.499 and 2.573 μm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest emission wavelength realized with a GaSb-based DFB laser diode. The laser structure used for DFB processing was grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. A DFB concept requiring no subsequent overgrowth step was used by defining first-order Cr-Bragg gratings laterally patterned to a ridge waveguide. Threshold currents smaller than 60 mA and room temperature cw output powers up to 6.5 mW were obtained. The laser diodes show single mode emission with side mode suppression ratios (SMSR) of up to 32 dB.     

Scars in nonintegrable and rational billiards

We numerically study quantum mechanical features of the Bunimovich stadium billiard and the rational billiards which approach the former as the number of their sides increases. The statistics of energy levels and eigenfunctions of the rational billiards becomes indistinguishable from that of the Bunimovich stadium billiard below a certain energy. This fact contradicts the classical picture in which the Bunimovich stadium billiard is chaotic, but the rational billiard is pseudointegrable. It is numerically confirmed that the wave functions do not detect the fine structure, which is much smaller than the wavelength.     

Acoustic wave focusing by two-dimensional lattice of cylinders in air

A sound source (3 cm in diameter) image in air, formed in the far wave zone behind a two-dimensional periodic lattice, was experimentally obtained. The lattice consisted of plane parallel rows of steel cylinders with a diameter of 1.58 cm, forming an acoustic crystal with hexagonal structure, The crystal lattice constant (a = 2.14 cm) is smaller than the emission wavelength in air (∼ 3.4 cm). The relations between the emission wavelength and lattice parameters were selected according to model calculation in the second transmission band of the crystal at its negative refractive index n = −0.7. The lateral size of the focused (over the sound pressure distribution) image of the sound source is close to the emission wavelength. A distinctive feature of the experiment is the formation of such a sharply focused image under conditions of an extremely small output aperture (the beam diameter at the acoustic crystal output did not exceed 2.5 acoustic wavelengths in air). It can be considered that the flat acoustic lens is realized. Possible explanations of the observed effect are discussed.     

体布拉格光栅外腔半导体激光器光谱特性研究

用体布拉格光栅(VBG)作为反馈元件与瓦级半导体激光器(LD)以及快轴准直柱透镜构成一个可以将半导体激光器的工作波长稳定在体布拉格光栅布拉格波长处的外腔激光器。测量了体布拉格光栅外腔激光器的波长稳定性与其工作电流、热汇温度、激光束准直装置等因素的关系。分析了波长稳定效果与半导体激光器增益谱特性、外腔结构参量等因素的关系。研究表明,在相同的工作电流、热汇温度下,当准直柱透镜直径为0.4 mm时的波长稳定效果较好;在此情况下,当热汇温度控制在30℃,工作电流从0.5 A增加到1.5 A的测量范围内,以及当工作电流固定在1.5 A,热汇温度从20℃增加到35℃时,测得的光谱特性表明,半导体激光器的工作波长可以很好地稳定在体布拉格光栅的布拉格波长处。与该激光器在同样条件下自由运转的光谱比较,可以看到,自由运转激射波长与体布拉格光栅的布拉格波长差值小于2.6 nm情况下,可以获得很好的波长稳定效果。实验也表明,当该值大于4.8 nm时波长稳定效果变差。     

Localization and channeling of light in defect modes of two-dimensional photonic crystals

The spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a lattice defect is investigated. It is shown that in such a structure the field can be localized in a region smaller than one wavelength in size. The dependence of the spectrum of defect modes on the parameters of a two-dimensional photonic crystal is investigated. The light field at the exit of the photonic crystal possesses properties of a nonradiative mode, making it possible to achieve spatial resolution in the near-field much higher than the radiation wavelength. The possibilities of using this phenomenon in optical near-field microscopy to produce optical memory devices and to increase the efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions are discussed. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 70, No. 5, 323–328 (10 September 1999)     

The Limiting Possibilities of Miniaturization of Open-Resonator Mirrors

Using the representation of the field of a quasioptical beam in the form of expansion over plane waves, we derive an expression determining the minimum possible size of mirrors of an open resonator (OR) in which the lowest mode with small energy losses exists. To verify the obtained expression, we study experimentally the field distribution in a semisymmetric OR using the probe method. In this case, the diameter of the scattering probe was chosen on the basis of the equation derived. The difference between the measured and calculated field distributions was smaller than 8%. It is shown that the diameter of the field spot on the OR mirrors cannot be smaller than the wavelength of a microwave oscillator. The attempts to focus a Gaussian beam to a size smaller than the wavelength lead to an increase in the diameter of the field spot.