Study on fluorescence property of carvedilol and determination of carvedilol by fluorimetry

The property of carvedilol in acid-alkaline medium was studied by spectrofluorimetry. Effects of organic solvents on carvedilol fluorescence spectra were examined and the reason was discussed. A simple, rapid and high sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of carvedilol in medicine is developed. The measurement of relative fluorescence intensity was carried out at 356 nm with excitation at 254 nm. Effects of pH, standing time and foreign ions on the determination of carvedilol have been examined. A linear relationship was obtained between the relative fluorescence intensity and concentration of carvedilol in the range of 0.50-270 ng ml(-1). The linear regression equation of the calibration graph is C = 0.000543F - 0.002 (C is concentration (microg ml(-1)) and F is relative fluorescence intensity in the equation), with a correlation coefficient of linear regression of 0.9998 and relative standard deviation of 2.31%. The detection limit of this method is 0.19 ng ml(-1), and recovery is from 98.70 to 102.1%. This method can be used for determination of carvedilol in tablet. The results obtained by this method agreed with those by the official method.     

Fibre-optic fluorescing sensor for ammonia

The fluorescing sensor is based on the change in fluorescence intensity of a buffered pH indicator solution entrapped in silicone rubber. Exposure to ammonia increases the pH of the trapped solution; this increases the fluorescence intensity, which is monitored via an optical fibre bundle. Ammonium chloride in 0.001 M sodium hydroxide, or the indicators themselves, can serve as buffers. Effects of sensor preparation and buffer composition on response time, reversibility and sensitivity are discussed.     

A nanoscale vesicular polydiacetylene sensor for organic amines by fluorescence recovery

We report a nanoscale lipid membrane-based sensor of conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicles for fluorescence detection of organic amines. The vesicle sensor was constructed by incorporation of a BODIPY fluorescent dye into the PDA vesicles. The fluorescent properties of the resulting vesicles can be manipulated by adjusting lipid components, and are controlled by environmental and solution conditions. The fluorescence of the BODIPY dye was significantly quenched in the polymerization of diacetylene lipid vesicles by a UV irradiation process. However, it was sufficiently recovered by external stimuli such as a hike of solution pH. The fluorescence recovery process was reversible, and a decrease in solution pH resulted in repeated quenching. The reported system transforms an external stimulus into a large fluorescence intensity change, demonstrating great potential in developing new signal reporting method for biosensor design. The quench-recovery phenomenon of the BODIPY-PDA is believed to be related to the energy transfer between the dye and the PDA conjugate backbone. The vesicle sensor was applied for detecting an organic amine, triethylamine (TEA) and a large linear relationship was obtained between the increase in fluorescence intensity and the concentrations of TEA. The detection limit of TEA by vesicle sensors using fluorescence recovery was found to be 10 μM.     

Fluorescence chemical sensor based on water‐soluble poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene)–graphene oxide composite for Cu2+

A chemical sensor for metal ions was fabricated based on a water‐soluble conjugated polymer–graphene oxide (GO) composite. Water‐soluble poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) with sulfonic acid side chain groups was used to prepare a very stable water‐soluble PPE–GO composite with strong π–π interactions in water. The relationship between the optical properties and metal ion sensing capability of the PPE–GO composite in aqueous solution was investigated. Addition of metal ions enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the composite, and, in particular, the composite enabled the fluorescence detection of Cu²⁺ in aqueous solutions with high selectivity and sensitivity. Therefore, this conjugated polymer–GO composite sensor system was found to be an effective turn‐on type chemical sensor for metal ions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

荧光法测定片剂中的秋水仙碱

秋水仙碱在硫酸溶液中水解后产生弱的稳定的荧光。在ｐＨ４￣ｐＨ６范围内,镧（Ⅲ）离子可与水解秋水仙碱发生络合反应,络合后芝光强度增加了６倍。最大激发及发射波长为２４６ｎｍ和４３０ｎｍ。在０．１￣１０ｍｇ／ｌ浓度范围内,荧光强度与浓度有良好的线性关系,本方法已用于片剂中秋水仙碱含量的测定,测定了下限为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,相对标准偏差为４．３％。     

荧光双重敏感响应型水溶聚合物的合成及其发光性能研究

将丙烯酰氯与荧光素反应,合成出丙烯酸酯单体3-丙烯酰氧基荧光素(Ac-Flu),然后采用自由基溶液聚合法将Ac-Flu与丙烯酰胺(AM)共聚,制备得到含有荧光素生色团的水溶性荧光共聚物poly(Ac-Flu-co-AM).合成单体Ac-Flu和共聚物poly(Ac-Flu-co-AM)采用核磁(NMR),质谱(HR-MS),红外光谱(FTIR),示差扫描量热法(DSC),可见紫外分光光度仪(UV-Vis)等方法进行了结构表征,同时采用荧光光谱对共聚物poly(Ac-Flu-co-AM)的荧光极其荧光对温度和pH敏感响应性进行了测定研究.结果表明,poly(Ac-Flu-co-AM)的水溶液和薄膜在520 nm附近均具有较强的荧光发射.其中,水溶液荧光强度在0～60℃范围内随着温度的升高呈线性下降,表现出较好的温度敏感响应性质.同时,水溶液荧光强度在pH=4～10范围内随着碱性的增强而升高,表现出较好的pH敏感响应性质.     

Novel fluorescent pH sensor based on 5-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-10,15,20-tris(phenyl)-porphyrin

A novel fluorescent pH sensor based on 5-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-10,15,20-tris(phenyl)-porphyrin, as sensing agent, has been developed. The carboxyl functionalized asymmetric porphyrin has been synthesized and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), emission, excitation and mass spectrometry (MS) spectra. Optical and fluorescence behaviors were investigated in relationship with variation of acid concentration in the range of acid pH from 1.5 to 5.5. Upon increasing the acidity of the solution, the decrease of the fluorescence intensity was noticed, as a linear function of pH. Different metal ions were tested to put into evidence the changes regarding the fluorescence intensity, but the fluorescence obtained results revealed no significant interference on pH determination. The conclusion is that the proposed fluorescent sensor can measure pH in acid range in the presence of different metal ions making this sensor a proper one for pH determinations in leaching solutions of the recyclable processes of valuable metals.     

A selective optical chemical sensor for o-nitrophenol based on fluorescence quenching of curcumin

An optical chemical sensor has been prepared for the selective determination of o-nitrophenol in aqueous solutions based on the fluorescence quenching of curcumin in PVC membrane. The sensing mechanism of the proposed sensor for o-nitrophenol has been discussed in detail. The fluorescence changes of sensing membrane resulted from an associated complex formation between curcumin and o-nitrophenol. In pH 4.8 buffer solution, the sensor responds linearly in the measuring range from 1.0 x 10(-2) mol 1(-1) to 1.5 x 10(-4) mol 1(-1), and the experimental detection limit is evaluated to be 8.0 x 10(-5) mol 1(-1). A stable signal was obtained within less than 1.5 min. Under the optimum conditions, the sequence of selective response to the sensing membrane is o-nitrophenol > 2,4-dinitrophenol > m-nitrophenol > p-nitrophenol > 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. Phenol, aniline as well as other ions have less effect on the fluorescence of the sensor. The reproducibility for the determination of o-nitrophenol is better than 1%, and the response is reversible. The sensor can be used for the determination of o-nitrophenol in water samples.     

钙黄绿素荧光法测定痕量钇(Ⅲ)

研究了钙黄绿素荧光法测定Y(Ⅲ)。在pH 8.0的H3BO3-Na2B4O7缓冲溶液和表面活性剂Tween 80的存在下,痕量Y(Ⅲ)能与钙黄绿素反应形成配合物,使体系的荧光强度显著增加,体系的激发和发射波长分别为492和512nm,Y(Ⅲ)的质量浓度在0～2.0μg/mL范围内与△F成良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为:△F=3.2648+2.384ρ(μg/mL),相关系数r=0.9961,检出限为0.023μg/mL。方法用于乙酸铈中痕量钇(Ⅲ)的测定,测定结果与ICP-AES法相符,加标回收率在96.3%～103.0%之间。     

Proton "off-on" behaviour of methylpiperazinyl derivative of naphthalimide: a pH sensor based on fluorescence enhancement

In a search for new type pH sensing fluorophores, the possibility of using the proton "off-on" switch behaviour of naphthalimide derivatives for optical pH sensor preparation has been explored. A new compound, N-allyl-4-(4[prime or minute]-methyl-piperazinyl)-1,8-naphthalimide (AMPN), was synthesized. The enhancement of fluorescence of AMPN with the increase of hydrogen ion concentration is based on arresting photo-induced electron transfer to the naphthalimide fluorophore from aliphatic amine group after its protonation. The Stokes Shift of the proposed type of pH sensing fluorophore is significantly larger than that of the fluorescein counterparts. To avoid the leakage of the fluorophore, AMPN was photo-copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylamide on the glass surface. The fluorescence intensity of membrane contacted with a pH 3.50 buffer is 4.7 times of that for pH 12.00 buffer solutions. The proposed pH sensor is not susceptible to ionic strength and shows good selectivity, repeatability and short response time. The membrane shows a good stability with a lifetime over two months. The sensor can be used for the determination of pH in the range of pH 4.5-9.0, without interference of most commonly co-existing inorganic ions and some organic species. The sensor has been applied to the analysis of urine samples.     

Conjugated carbazole dimer as fluorescence carrier for preparation of iodine-sensitive chemical sensor

The carbazole derivative, 9-ethyl-3-carbazylidene carbazole hydrazone (ECCH) with two conjugated carbazole rings have been applied as a fluorescence carrier for preparation of an iodine sensitive optical chemical sensor. The response of the sensor is based on quenching of the fluorescence of ECCH by iodine. The conjugated carbazole dimer based sensor shows a linear response toward iodine in the concentration range 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ at pH of 7.0. The effect of composition of the sensor membrane was studied, and the experimental conditions were optimized. Most commonly coexisting ions do not interfer with the iodine assay. The sensor shows sufficient repeatability, selectivity, operational lifetime of two months and a fast response of less then 50 s. The sensor has been used for determination of iodine in water samples.     

一种简单灵敏的盐酸文拉法辛测定方法

四苯硼钠对罗丹明B具有荧光猝灭作用,使其荧光信号强度减弱甚至消失,而盐酸文拉法辛可以跟四苯硼钠反应生成更稳定的疏水性离子缔合物沉淀,使罗丹明B重新释放出来,又使该体系荧光信号强度增强,且荧光信号的增强程度与盐酸文拉法辛的加入量成正比关系,据此建立了一种反荧光猝灭法测定盐酸文拉法辛新方法。以365nm为激发波长,610nm为发射波长,测量了试液和空白液荧光强度之差ΔF。盐酸文拉法辛的质量浓度在2.423～43.94mg/L范围内与△F值呈线性关系,线性回归方程为△F=1.1789ρ-9.158,相关系数R为0.9995,检出限为0.7268mg/L,方法 RSD为0.87%。用本方法对不同厂家生产的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片及盐酸文拉法辛胶囊样品进行测定,测定值与药品标示量基本相符,加标回收率在95%～103%之间。     

Anthrone-spirolactam and quinoline hybrid based sensor for selective fluorescent detection of Fe3+ ions

The synthesis of a novel, and highly selective Fe³⁺ ion sensor based on anthrone-spirolactam and its quinoline hybrid ligand is reported. The designed ligand displayed selective detection of Fe³⁺ ions with enhanced fluorescence emission. The complexation of Fe³⁺ ion led to a red shift of 32 nm from 420 nm to 452 nm, and a several fold increase in intensity with fluorescent green emission. The complexation (detection) of Fe³⁺ ions with ligand resulted in chelation enhanced fluorescence and intramolecular charge transfer through the inhibition of C=N isomerization. This hybrid sensor shows high sensitivity and selectivity, spontaneous response, and works on a wide pH range a minimum detection limit of 6.83 × 10⁻⁸ M. Importantly, the sensor works through the fluorescence turn-on mechanism that overcomes the paramagnetic effect of Fe³⁺ ions. The binding mechanism between the ligand and the Fe³⁺ ions was established from the Job's plot method, optical studies, Fourier transfor infrared spectroscopy, NMR titration, fluorescence life-time studies, and density functional theory optimization. The sensor displayed excellent results in the quantification of Fe³⁺ ions from real water samples. Furthermore, due to its biocompatibility nature, fluorescent spotting of Fe³⁺ ions in live cells revealed its bioimaging applications.     

Determination of ulifloxacin by terbium-sensitized fluorescence with second-order scattering and its applications.

This paper reports the determination of ulifloxacin (UFX) by terbium-sensitized fluorescence using a second-order scattering method. UFX and Tb(III) ion form a fluorescence complex in aqueous solution, and its maximum excitation and emission wavelengths are located at 273 and 545 nm, respectively. In optimum conditions, the relative intensity at 545 nm has a linear relationship to the concentration of UFX in the range of 2.0 x 10(-8) - 1.0 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) and the detection limit is 3.9 x 10(-9) mol L(-1). The proposed method was applied to the determination of UFX in spiked human serum and urine satisfactorily. The luminescence property of UFX is also discussed by comparing with norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX).     

A selective optical chemical sensor for 2,6-dinitrophenol based on fluorescence quenching of a novel functional polymer

A bifurcated optical fiber based chemical sensor for continuous monitoring of 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP) has been proposed based on the reversible chemical reaction between a novel functional poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the sensing material and the analytes. The functional PVC (FPVC), containing a fluorescent curcumin moiety, was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of a fraction of the chlorine atoms bound to the PVC backbone by curcumin. When plasticized in a membrane of 5 μm thickness, FPVC extracts 2,6-DNP from aqueous solution into the bulk membrane phase and reacts with the analyte to form a complex with low fluorescence efficiency through hydrogen bonding. Formation of the complex gave a significant fluorescence quenching which is suitable for signalling the occurrence of the host-guest interaction. At pH 3.50, the sensor exhibits a dynamic detection range from 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ to 7.0 × 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹ with a limit of detection of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹. As 2,6-DNP can provide an optimal space geometry matches to the formation of hydrogen bonds, the sensor shows excellent selectivity for 2,6-DNP over other nitrophenols. The forward and reverse response time (t₉₅) of the sensor both was within 1 min. The repeatability, reproducibility, and lifetime of the sensor were also satisfied. The sensor was applied to determine 2,6-DNP in water samples successfully.     

Pressurized membrane indicator system for fluorogenic-based fiber-optic chemical sensors

A new kind of fiber-optic-based chemical sensor for the detection of chemical species in solution is described. The sensor uses a fluorogenic indicator that is forced through an ultrafiltration membrane into the analyte solution. Complex formation between the indicator molecule and target ion occurs at the membrane/solution interface, where light from a bifurcated fiber-optic cable stimulates fluorescence. Fluorescence emission from the sample is transmitted back up the cable to a photodiode detector. Characterization of the sensor was performed using the response of the indicator, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid, to magnesium ion. The sensor responds linearly to increasing and decreasing concentration changes on time scales of 1 s. Chemical modification of the indicator solution to enhance sensitivity is demonstrated. The use of an internal standard to correct for variations in indicator flow-rate and pressure is discussed.     

由蚕砂制备的碳量子点在不同激发、pH、金属离子、温度及极性环境下的荧光性质研究

碳量子点作为一种新兴的荧光纳米材料,具有粒径分布均匀、光稳定性好、激发-发射波长可调控、表面可修饰等优良的性质,兼具低毒性、生物相容性好等优点,在分析检测和生物成像等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。而蚕砂是家蚕的干燥粪便,简单易得。利用蚕砂作为碳量子点制备原料,采用微波合成的方法制备得到了一种平均水合粒径为4.86 nm,含氮、硫修饰的碳量子点材料,可作为针对激发波长、pH、金属离子浓度、温度及溶剂极性的变化有着显著响应特性的碳量子点型荧光探针。该探针的荧光最大发射波长随激发波长或pH的增加而红移;荧光强度随温度或pH的降低而增加;随着金属离子,特别是铜离子的加入而逐渐降低,并随着EDTA络离子的加入而逐渐回复。在多种溶剂中该探针均具有较好的溶解度,当换用不同极性的溶剂时,随着溶剂极性的增加荧光发射波长逐渐红移。荧光性质随多重环境参数变化为该碳量子点在未来的生物检测和成像领域提供了广阔的应用前景。     

A carbon dioxide sensor based on fluorescence

The optical carbon dioxide sensor is prepared by covering a pH sensor based on fluorescence with a CO₂-permeable membrane and contacting the pH-sensitive membrane with a reservoir of hydrogen carbonate. As carbon dioxide diffuses across the membrane it causes a chnage in pH which is detected by measuring the change in fluorescence from the base form of the pH-sensitive fluorescentdye. The usable range of response depends on the concentration of hydrogen carbonate in contact with the membrane. The sensor also responds to sulfide and sulfite.     

pH荧光纳米传感器的研制及表征

利用溶胶-凝胶技术制得了单分散性很好的二氧化硅纳米微球,通过共价偶联方式引入对pH变化敏感的荧光素异硫氰酸酯（FITC）,这种FITC功能化二氧化硅纳米微球（FITC功能化硅微球）可作为pH荧光纳米传感器。当pH值从4.0变至7.5时,荧光强度增大约30倍。该传感器灵敏度高,响应速度快,容易制备,光稳定性好,可望用于单细胞的pH分析。     

Gamma-ray dosimetry by spectrofluorimetry of phenylacetic acid solution

Aqueous solutions of phenylacetic acid have been evaluated for possible use in γ-ray dosimetry. When aerated aqueous phenylacetic acid solutions are irradiated, photoflourescent species are formed and identified as hydroxyphenylacetic acid. When excited by ultraviolet light at 280 nm, the radiation-induced product shows an emission spectrum with a maximum at 307 nm. The intensity of the emission peak at 307 nm (as well as the area under the peak from 290 to 350 nm) is a linear function of absorbed dose from 0.5 to 25 Gy. This aqueous dosimeter is about ten times more sensitive than that of the conventional ferrous sulfate solution (Fricke) dosimeter. The differences in response at dose rates in the range 0.0055–67 Gy/min are negligible. Conversely, at higher dose rates (170 Gy/min), although the response is linear with dose up to 135 Gy and with proper calibration can be used up to 350 Gy, the photofluorescence signal is somewhat greater than in the lower dose rate range. The estimated random uncertainty limits (1σ) of readings of absorbed dose by the dosimeter are approximately ±2% at a dose of 10 Gy. The fluorescence signal is very much affected by the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution and the intensity of the signal is greatest in the pH range 5–9.5. The radiation chemical yield of the fluorescing species is little influenced by moderate changes in the concentration of phenylacetic acid or by deaeration of the solution. The signal is stable up to at least four weeks, if the solution after irradiation is stored at low temperature (ca. 5°C). However, when stored at room temperature, and in room light, the signal is stable only up to about four days.