Alcohol Solvates of Lanthanoid(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonates

After vacuum dehydration, a number of hydrated trivalent lanthanoid trifluoromethanesulfonates (“triflate”, “OTf” = F₃CSO₃), when recrystallized from various alcohol (ROH) solutions, yield solvates Ln(OTf)₃ · xROH, x = 3, 5 or 6. The following have been defined crystallographically (R/Ln/x): Me/La/3;Me/Gd/6; Et/Sm/3; Et/Gd/5 iPr/Nd,Sm/3. The Me/Gd/6complex, Gd(OTf)₃ · 6MeOH is a mononuclear/ionic form [(MeOH)₆Gd(O–OTf)₂](OTf), the gadolinium environment being octacoordinate, square‐antiprismatic with the O–OTf donors quasi‐trans on different faces of the coordination polyhedron; the Et/Gd/5 complex is neutral, molecular, mononuclear [(EtOH)₅Gd(O–OTf)₃], also with an octacoordinate, square‐antiprismatic coordination sphere, derivative of that of the methanol solvate. The remainder form one‐dimensional polymeric arrays, successive lanthanoid atoms linked by (μ‐O–OTf–O′)₃ triads, at either end of a tricapped trigonal prismatic array, the ROH molecules contributing the capping atoms. A (“baseline”) (re‐)determination of the “parent” Sm(OTf)₃ · 9H₂O is also recorded.     

The Triclinic Lanthanoid(III) Halide Oxidoarsenates(III) Sm3Cl2[As2O5][AsO3] and Tm3Br2[As2O5][AsO3]

Pale yellow single crystals of the composition Ln₃X₂[As₂O₅][AsO₃] (Ln = Tm for X = Br and Ln = Sm for X = Cl) were obtained via solid-state reactions in the systems Ln₂O₃/As₂O₃ from sealed silica ampoules using different halides as fluxing agents. Sm₃Cl₂[As₂O₅][AsO₃] and Tm₃Br₂[As₂O₅][AsO₃] crystallize isotypically in the triclinic space group P1 with Z = 2 and cell parameters of a = 543.51(4) pm, b = 837.24(6) pm, c = 1113.45(8) pm, α = 90.084(2)°, β = 94.532(2)°, γ = 90.487(2)° for the samarium and a = 534.96(4) pm, b = 869.26(6) pm, c = 1081.84(8) pm, α = 90.723(2)°, β = 94.792(2)° γ = 90.119(2)° for the thulium compound. The isotypic crystal structure of both representatives exhibits three crystallographically different Ln³⁺ cations, each with a coordination number of eight. (Ln1)³⁺ and (Ln2)³⁺ are only coordinated by three oxygen atoms, whereas (Ln3)³⁺ shows additional contacts to halide anions in forming square [LnO₄X₄]^9– antiprisms. All As³⁺ cations are surrounded by three oxygen atoms in the shape of isolated [AsO₃]^3– ψ¹-tetrahedra. They occur either isolated or condensed as pyroanionic [As₂O₅]^4– units with a bridging oxygen atom. In both anions, non-binding lone-pair electrons are present at the As³⁺ cations with a pronounced stereochemically active function.     

Nd4N2Se3 und Tb4N2Se3: Zwei nicht‐isotype Lanthanoid(III)‐Nitridselenide

Nd₄N₂Se₃ and Tb₄N₂Se₃: Two non‐isotypical Lanthanide(III) Nitride Selenides The non‐isotypical nitride selenides M₄N₂Se₃ of neodymium (Nd₄N₂Se₃) and terbium (Tb₄N₂Se₃) are formed by the reaction of the respective rare‐earth metal with sodium azide (NaN₃), selenium and the corresponding rare‐earth tribromide (MBr₃) at 900 °C in evacuated silica ampoules after seven days. Each of them crystallizes monoclinically in the space group C2/c with Z = 4 for Nd₄N₂Se₃ (a = 1300.47(4), b = 1009.90(3), c = 643.33(2) pm, β = 90.039(2)°) and in the space group C2/m with Z = 2 for Tb₄N₂Se₃ (a = 1333.56(5), b = 394.30(2), c = 1034.37(4) pm, β = 130.377(2)°), respectively. The crystal structures differ fundamentally in the linkage of the structure dominating N^3‐ centred (M³⁺)₄ tetrahedra. In Nd₄N₂Se₃, the [NNd₄] units are edge‐linked to bitetrahedra which are cross‐connected to [N(Nd1)(Nd2)]³⁺ layers via their remaining four corners, whereas the [NTb₄] tetrahedra in Tb₄N₂Se₃ share cis‐oriented edges to form strands [N(Tb1)(Tb2)]³⁺. Both structures contain two crystallographically different M³⁺ cations, that show coordination numbers of six and seven (Nd₄N₂Se₃) or twice six (Tb₄N₂Se₃), respectively, relative to the anions (N^3‐ und Se^2‐). Each of the two independent kinds of Se^2‐ anions provide the three‐dimensional linkage as well as the charge balance. The particular axial ratio a/c and the monoclinic reflex angle offer two choices for fixing the unit cell of Tb₄N₂Se₃.     

Lanthanoid and yttrium tellurates

Preparation in aqueous medium of all the lanthanoid (except Ce and Pm) and yttrium tellurates is described. Chemical analyses, solubilities at 25°C in water and thermograms of all the products prepared were determined. X-ray diffractograms and DTA and DTG curves of La, Gd and Yb tellurates were obtained and commented. Partial volatilization of lanthanoid is observed in the thermal analysis of tellurates.     

Das erste Alkalimetall‐Lanthanoid(III)‐Iodid‐Oxotellurat(IV): Na2Lu3I3[TeO3]4

Colorless platelets of Na₂Lu₃I₃[TeO₃]₄ were obtained within five days at 775 °C by the reaction of Lu₂O₃ and TeO₂ in a 3:8 molar ratio with NaI added in excess as both fluxing agent and reactant in evacuated silica ampoules. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c with the lattice parameters a = 921.69(5), b = 552.71(3), c = 1664.37(9) pm, β = 90.218(4)° and Z = 2. The crystal structure of Na₂Lu₃I₃[TeO₃]₄ exhibits two crystallographically different Lu³⁺ cations, both coordinated by eight O^2– anions as square antiprisms. These polyhedra are interconnected through four common edges to build up {}^2_∞ {[LuO{}^e_8/2 ]^5–} layers (e = edge‐linking) parallel to (100). Furthermore, the crystal structure includes a crystallographically unique Na⁺ cation surrounded by four O^2– and four I^– anions also in the shape of a square antiprism. These polyhedra connect via common (I2)^–···(I2)^– edges in generating {}^1_∞ {[Na₂O₈I{}^e_4 ]^18–} double‐strands that are further linked by (I1)^– vertices to result in the formation of {}^2_∞ {[Na₂O₈I₃{}^e,v_3 ]^17–} layers (v = vertex‐linking) spreading out parallel to (100) as well. Thus, the crystal structure contains two crystallographically distinct I^– anions, of which (I1)^– is coordinated nearly linear (? (Na–I1–Na) = 179.6°) by two Na⁺ cations, whereas (I2)^– has contact to three of them displaying a distance of 114 pm from the triangular (Na⁺)₃ plane. The crystal structure of Na₂Lu₃I₃[TeO₃]₄ is completed by two crystallographically independent Te⁴⁺ cations that show stereochemically active non‐bonding electron pairs (“lone pairs”) and are located above and below the {}^2_∞ {[LuO{}^e_8/2 ]^5–} layers forming isolated ψ¹‐tetrahedral [TeO₃]^2– anions (d(Te–O) = 188–190 pm) with all oxygen atoms.     

苄基环戊二烯基稀土二氯化物的合成和表征

合成了苄基环戊二烯基稀土二氯化物,经元素分析、热分析、红外光谱、质谱及核磁共振谱分析,证实其组成为C_6H_5CH_2C_5H_4LnCl_2·nTHF(C_6H_5CH_2C_5H_4=苄基环戊二烯,Ln=Nd,Sm,Gd,n=1,2)。对新化合物苄基环戊二烯进行了表征,同时还测定了中间物C_6H_5CH_2C_5H_4Na·THF的晶体结构。     

Lanthanoid endohedral metallofullerenols for MRI contrast agents

Water-soluble multi-hydroxyl lanthanoid (La, Ce, Gd, Dy, and Er) endohedral metallofullerenes (metallofullerenols, M@C(82)(OH)(n)()) have been synthesized and characterized for the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The observed longitudinal and transverse relaxivities for water protons, r(1) and r(2), of the metallofullerenols are in the range 0.8-73 and 1.2-80 (sec(-1)mM(-1)), respectively, which are significantly higher than those of the corresponding lanthanoid-DTPA chelate complexes. Among these Gd-metallofullerenols, Gd@C(82)(OH)(n)() has exhibited the highest r(1) and r(2) values in consistent with our previous results. The observed large r(1) of the current metallofullerenols can mainly be ascribed to the dipole-dipole relaxation together with a substantial decrease of the overall molecular rotational motion. The large r(2), except for the Gd-metallofullerenols, have been attributed to the so-called Curie spin relaxation. The MRI phantom studies are also performed and are consistent with these results. The metallofullerenols will be an ideal model for future MRI contrast agents with higher proton relaxivities.     

Lanthanoid metal nitrates with hydrogen bonded hexamethylenetetramine

Cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium nitrate complexes with hydrogen bonded hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) of the formula [Ce(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₅](HMTA)₂(NO₃)(H₂O)₃, [Pr(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₆]₂[Pr(H₂O)₉](HMTA)₆(NO₃)₆(H₂O)₄ and [Nd(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₅](HMTA)₂(NO₃)(H₂O)₃ have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. All the complexes belong to monoclinic crystal system. Ce and Nd complexes have P21/n space group, whereas Pr complex has C2/c. Thermal analyses of these complexes were carried out using TG, DSC, which showed their multi-step decomposition. Kinetics of thermolysis has been done by applying model fitting as well as model free isoconversional method. In order to see the response of rapid heating, ignition delay measurements were carried out. The thermal decomposition pathways have also been demonstrated. On the basis of thermal studies the thermal stability of the complexes was found in the order; Pr > Ce > Nd. In order to identify the end products of thermolyses, X-ray diffraction patterns of end product were carried out which showed the formation of corresponding metal oxides.     

Lanthanoid/Alkali Metal β‐Triketonate Assemblies: A Robust Platform for Efficient NIR Emitters

The reaction of hydrated lanthanoid chlorides with tribenzoylmethane and an alkali metal hydroxide consistently resulted in the crystallization of neutral tetranuclear assemblies with the general formula [Ln(Ae ? HOEt)( L )₄]₂ (Ln=Eu³⁺, Er³⁺, Yb³⁺; Ae=Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺). Analysis of the crystal structures of these species revealed a coordination geometry that varied from a slightly distorted square antiprism to a slightly distorted triangular dodecahedron, with the specific geometrical shape being dependent on the degree of lattice solvation and identity of the alkali metal. The near‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting assemblies of Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ showed remarkably efficient emission, characterized by significantly longer excited‐state lifetimes (τ_obs≈37–47 μs for Yb³⁺ and τ_obs≈4–6 μs for Er³⁺) when compared with the broader family of lanthanoid β‐diketonate species, even in the case of perfluorination of the ligands. The Eu³⁺ assemblies show bright red emission and a luminescence performance (τ_obs≈0.5 ms, ${{\Phi}{{{\rm L}\hfill \atop {\rm Ln}\hfill}}}$ ≈35–37 %, η_sens≈68–70 %) more akin to the β‐diketonate species. The results highlight that the β‐triketonate ligand offers a tunable and facile system for the preparation of efficient NIR emitters without the need for more complicated perfluorination or deuteration synthetic strategies.