毛细管区带电泳法测定冬虫夏草及鹿茸制品中核苷和碱基成分

应用毛细管区带电泳法测定分别以冬虫夏草菌丝体粉和鹿茸血为主要原料制品中的多种核苷和碱基成分。对实验条件进行了优化,结果表明,以20mmol/L硼砂-15mmol/Lβ-环糊精为缓冲溶液(pH=9.4),分离电压22kV,检测波长254nm,电动进样为10kV、5s时,在10min内同时分离测定了虫草素、腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、尿嘧啶、腺苷、次黄嘌呤、尿苷、鸟苷和肌苷。各组分在0.2～200μg/mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限的范围是0.07～1.67μg/mL。5个批次的冬虫夏草菌丝粉保健品中腺嘌呤、尿嘧啶、腺苷、鸟苷、尿苷5组分的定量结果分别在0.15～0.19mg/g、0.72～0.92mg/g、1.44～1.59mg/g、1.51～2.32mg/g和1.77～2.56mg/g范围内,加标回收率的范围是82.83%～109.21%;2个批次的鹿茸血保健品中次黄嘌呤、尿苷的定量结果在36.55～49.97μg/mL和86.08～108.97μg/mL范围内,加标回收率的范围分别是89.68%～96.79%和99.05%～102.81%。     

非水介质毛细管电泳电化学检测日夜百服宁中的有效成分

用非水毛细管电泳电化学检测法分离检测了日夜百服宁中的有效成分，研究了电极电位，不同浓度的甲酰胺（FA），电解液浓度和酸度，电泳电压及进样时间对电泳分离的影响，得到了较为优化的测定条件。实验结果表明，在25mmol/L Tris-25mmol/L H3BO3(表观pH=8.5)运行介质中，日夜百服宁中的4种有效成分即扑热息痛（AP），盐酸伪麻黄碱（PH），氢溴酸右美沙芬（DM）和扑尔敏（CM）在12min内完全分离，检测电位为＋0．9V(vs.SCE)。线性范围分别为AP 0．5－200mg/L;PH 0.8-300mg/L;DM2.5-350mg/L;CM0.5-330mg/L；检测限分别为AP0.1mg/L;PH0.55mg/L;DM1mg/L;CM0.2mg/L。     

同时测定核苷酸口服液中二磷酸核苷的毛细管区带电泳法

建立了一种毛细管区带电泳法，用于同时测定5种核苷酸－鸟苷二磷酸（GDP）、尿苷二磷酸（UDP）、腺苷二磷酸（ADP）、胞苷二磷酸（CDP）、次黄嘌呤核苷酸（IDP）；研究了缓冲液的pH值及磷酸盐的浓度对分离5种核苷酸的影响，5种核苷酸在75mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris)－50mmol/L磷酸二氢钠（NaH2PO4）、pH为8．00的缓冲液可以基线分离；另外还研究了中入阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）以及CTAB的浓度和进样时间对分离5种核苷酸的影响；该法成功地应用于测定核苷酸口服液中ADP、CDP、GDP、UDP的含量。     

荧光分光光度法测定中药对过氧化氢的清除率

基于苯胺被H2O2氧化为硝基苯使其荧光猝灭的原理建立了一种测定中药对H2O2清除率的新方法。研究表明：苯胺荧光在pH7～8之间有最大强度；乙醇浓度为50%（V/V）时，瑞利散射干扰最小，荧光强度最大；苯胺浓度为110mmol/L，H2O2的浓度小于1mmol/L时，苯胺荧光猝灭程度与H2O2浓度呈线性关系，测定了中药厚朴和杜仲对H2O2的清除率，结果与鲁米诺化学发光法测定值一致。     

生物碱基的反相离子对色谱分离及茶叶中咖啡因测定的研究

报道了在ＹＷＧＣ１８柱上，以甲醇＋水（７．５＋９２．５）、含５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬｐＨ５．０磷酸盐缓冲溶液、１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＴＢＡ·Ｂｒ作流动相，同时分离尿嘧啶、９Ｎ二羟丙基腺嘌呤、腺嘌呤、可可碱、尿嘧啶丙酸、９Ｎ二羟丙基茶碱和咖啡因，并用于茶叶中咖啡因的测定，检出限为μｇ／Ｌ级，标准加入回收率为９５．３％～１０５．０％。     

电堆积大体积进样-在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法测定胡黄连中的4种有机酸

建立了以电堆积大体积进样-在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法测定胡黄连中的异阿魏酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸和香草酸的新方法.考察了pH值、四硼酸钠浓度、SDS浓度、电压、有机溶剂和进样时间对分离效果的影响.以40mmol/L四硼酸钠-80mmol/L十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为缓冲液(含10%(V/V)甲醇,pH 9.4),在进样电...     

糊精介质中西酞普兰的毛细管电泳手性分离与定量测定

以糊精作为毛细管电泳手性分离选择剂,对药物西酞普兰对映体的分离进行研究。考察了糊精浓度、缓冲液体系离子强度和pH及分离电压对对映体分离的影响。在糊精7．0％（m／V）、磷酸盐80mmol／L（pH5．4）的运行缓冲液中,分离电压20kV时,西酞普兰对映体分离度达3．9,同时对拆分机理进行了初步探讨。测定S-（＋）-西酞普兰原料药中R-（-）异构体的含量,在0．05～4．00g／L浓度范围内线性关系良好,R-（-）．西酞普兰与S-（＋）-西酞普兰的检出限分别为25．3mg／L和27．3mg／L,线性相关系数均在0．9970以上;RSD低于3．2％。     

酶法测定血清中胆汁酸

研究了用3－α羟基类固醇脱氢酶与黄递酶双酶体系催化的酶促胆汁酸测定方法。对影响酶促反应测定结果的主要因素进行了系统的研究，并在其基础上确定了测定试剂的组成为：黄递酶，175U／L；3－α羟基类固醇脱氢酶600U／L；烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD^ )0.88mmol/L；硝基四唑蓝（NTB）175mg/L；磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH7.0),50mmol/L。用以上试剂对胆汁酸测定的线性范围为0－300μmol/L，RSD为3．3％，回收率为105．3％。     

托吡卡胺对映体的毛细管电泳-方波安培分离检测

采用毛细管电泳-方波安培检测法,在熔融石英毛细管(75 μm i.d.×50 cm)中,以7 mmol/L 三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)-10 mmol/L柠檬酸-2 mmol/L硼酸-15mmol/L β-环糊精 （β-CD） (pH 3.0)为电泳介质,采用重力进样,高度差为20 cm,进样时间为10 s,在分离电压为15 kV,方波平衡电位+0.8 V的条件下,实现了托吡卡胺对映体的分离检测。线性范围为5~750 μmol/L,检出限为2 μmol/L。对影响分离度的因素β-CD浓度、硼酸浓度及p     

高效毛细管电泳同时拆分外消旋头孢他啶及头孢曲松钠

用毛细管电泳β－环糊精（β－CD）添加剂法同时拆分外消旋头孢他啶及头孢曲松钠，主要考察了影响分离和测定的因素：（β－CD浓度，背景电解质的pH值，分离电压和毛细管的柱温。通过优化得到了毛细管电泳手性分离头孢他啶及头孢曲松钠对映体的实验方法，在280nm处进行紫外检测，分离温度为25℃，压力进样6s，分离电压为28kV，背景缓冲液含50mmol/L磷酸二氢钠、0.4mmol/Lβ－环糊精（β-CD）、3.0mmol/L（三羟甲基）氨基甲烷（Tirs),pH为7.15的条件下，头孢他啶及头孢曲松钠同时能达到基线分离。对其拆分机理进行了探讨。     

人工蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草水溶性成分的相对归属分析

为对相近中药的化学指纹图谱进行比较研究,充分利用联用色谱所得的光谱、色谱信息与光谱相关色谱方法,分析了蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草的水溶性成分的异同,实现了蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草水溶性成分化学指纹图谱中相应化学组分的归属分析。其中,蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草有5个共有组分,分别有4个和6个相异组分。实验表明：该方法可对复杂中药成分及其指纹图谱进行快速比较分析。     

均匀设计在蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草活性成分分析中的应用

采用均匀实验设计方法快速找到蚕蛹虫草活性成分的高效液相色谱最优分离条件;将该优化条件用于蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草的水溶性成分的分离取得满意结果,并对部分组分进行了定性定量分析;均匀实验设计方法可较快找到复杂未知或半未知体系的色谱分离条件。     

高效液相色谱法测定蛹虫草中腺苷和虫草素

在蛹虫草中腺苷和虫草素含量的反相高效液相色谱分析中,所用色谱柱为WatersNOVA-PAK C18(3.9 mm×300 mm,4μm),流动相为0.01 mol.L-1KH2PO4-K2HPO4缓冲溶液(pH 6.86)+1%(体积分数)四氢呋喃,流速为1.0 mL.min-1。紫外检测的波长为260 nm,峰面积与腺苷浓度和虫草素浓度之间的线性范围依次为1.27~50.5 mg.L-1和3.23~129.0 mg.L-1,其检出限依次为0.18 ng和0.25 ng。在腺苷及虫草素的浓度水平依次为5.05 mg.L-1和12.9 mg.L-1时测试方法的精密度,求算得RSD(n=7)值依次为0.094%和0.792%。用标准加入法试验方法的回收率,求得两者的平均回收率依次为103.2%和98.5%。     

Cordyceps militaris Fungus Extracts-Mediated Nanoemulsion for Improvement Antioxidant,Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

This study aimed to produce and optimize a Cordyceps militaris-based oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion (NE) encapsulated in sea buckthorn oil (SBT) using an ultrasonication process. Herein, a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) and chitosan cosurfactant were used as emulsifying agents. The Cordyceps nanoemulsion (COR-NE) was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM). The DLS analyses revealed that the NE droplets were 87.0 ± 2.1 nm in diameter, with a PDI value of 0.089 ± 0.023, and zeta potential of −26.20 ± 2. The small size, low PDI, and stable zeta potential highlighted the excellent stability of the NE. The NE was tested for stability under different temperature (4 °C, 25 °C, and 60 °C) and storage conditions for 3 months where 4 °C did not affect the stability. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed. The results suggested that the NE was not toxic to RAW 264.7 or HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines at up to 100 µL/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity in liposaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells was evident at 50 µg/mL and showed inhibition of NO production and downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Further, the NE exhibited good antioxidant (2.96 ± 0.10 mg/mL) activity and inhibited E. coli and S. aureus bacterial growth. Overall, the COR-NE had greater efficacy than the free extract and added significant value for future biomedical and cosmetics applications.     

蛹虫草中硒的赋存形态及蛋白硒分析

为研究蛹虫草中硒的赋存形态,并进一步探究蛹虫草硒蛋白组分中硒含量的分布,以蛹虫草子实体为研究对象,用DAN荧光法测定了硒含量,用连续提取法进行了蛋白硒分析。结果表明,蛹虫草最高硒含量为89.486mg·kg-1,有机硒占85.96%;蛹虫草中蛋白硒、多糖硒和核酸硒分别占有机硒的71.4%~77.1%、19.7%~32.3%和0.138%~2.727%;在硒蛋白组分中虫草盐溶性蛋白、水溶性蛋白、醇溶性蛋白和碱溶性蛋白结合硒分别占总蛋白硒的55.13%~56.80%、20.47%~24.60%、15.30%~16.49%和2.99%~3.35%。蛹虫草具有很强的富硒能力;在蛹虫草子实体中,有机硒主要与蛋白质、多糖、核酸等生物大分子结合,其中蛋白质结合硒是硒的主要赋存形态;在蛋白质组分中,又以盐溶性蛋白质结合硒量最多。     

Simple HPLC-UV determination of nucleosides and its application to the authentication of Cordyceps and its allies

A simple HPLC-UV method combined with a simple extraction procedure of nucleosides (adenosine, cordycepin, 2'-deoxyadenosine, guanosine and uridine) was developed and applied to the authentication of Cordyceps and its allies. The separation was performed on a C(18) column by isocratic elution with acetonitrile-water, and UV detection at 260 nm. The amounts of adenosine, cordycepin, 2'-deoxyadenosine, guanosine and uridine in Cordyceps were 0.28-14.15, 0.006-6.36, 0.01-0.14, 0.68-14.79 and 0.19-20.29 mg/g, respectively. Among the nucleosides studied, cordycepin was characteristically included in Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link. (CM), which is one of key Cordyceps allies, and might be a good marker for authenticating CM. The ratio of nucleosides to adenosine contents in Cordyceps seemed to be a useful marker for authentication and quality control of Cordyceps.     

Molecular Cloning,Expression and Macrophage Activation of an Immunoregulatory Protein from Cordyceps militaris

Protein components of C. militaris have been reported to possess various biological activities. In our previous research, a Cordyceps militaris-derived immunoregulatory protein (CMIP) was naturally isolated and showed the activity of inhibiting the metastasis of breast cancer cells. This study aimed to obtain recombinant CMIP (rCMIP) using recombinant expression and elucidate its ability to activate macrophages. Recombinant CMIP showed one band at approximately 15 kDa or 30 kDa, or two bands at 15 kDa and 30 kDa, under different denaturation conditions of electrophoresis. The cell binding assay showed that rCMIP selectively binds to the surface of macrophages. After adhesion, it did not induce the apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells, but promoted their proliferation. Moreover, rCMIP significantly induced the expression of M1 macrophage polarization-related molecules. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD 86 was enhanced by 2.1-fold and 3.2-fold under 0.64 μM and 1.6 μM of rCMIP treatment, respectively. Cytokines typically expressed in M1 macrophages, such as TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6, CCL 4, CCL 5 and CXCL 10, were also considerably induced by rCMIP, while the expression of cytokines in typical M2 macrophages, like Arg-1, CCL17 and CCL22, were not changed or slightly decreased. Under rCMIP treatment, the release of NO was also appreciably induced. In the present study, we reported cloning, expression and functional characterization of rCMIP, which was naturally isolated from the fruiting body of C. militaris in our previous study. The data imply that rCMIP possesses immunomodulatory activity in macrophages.     

Metabolomic comparison between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris

A systematic study on the metabolome differences between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris was conducted using liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projection on latent structure‐discriminant analysis results showed that C. militaris grown on solid rice medium (R‐CM) and C. militaris grown on tussah pupa (T‐CM) evidently separated and individually separated from wild O. sinensis, indicating metabolome difference among wild O. sinensis, R‐CM and T‐CM. The metabolome differences between R‐CM and T‐CM indicated that C. militaris could accommodate to culture medium by differential metabolic regulation. Hierarchical clustering analysis was further performed to cluster the differential metabolites and samples based on their metabolic similarity. The higher content of amino acids (pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine and arginine), unsaturated fatty acid (linolenic acid and linoleic acid), peptides, mannitol, adenosine and succinoadenosine in O. sinensis make it as an excellent choice as a traditional Chinese medicine for invigoration or nutritional supplementation. Similar compositions with O. sinensis and easy cultivation make artificially cultured C. militaris a possible alternative to O. sinensis.     

Extraction, Purification and Anti-tumor Activity of Polysaccharide from Mycelium of Mutant Cordyceps Militaris

A water-soluble polysaccharide(named MCMP) was isolated from the mycelium with high yield mutation Cordyceps militaris by hot-water extraction, deproteinization by sevage, alcohol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography CL-6B. The polysaccharide contained mannose, rhamnose, galactose and glucose in a molar ratio of 59.36:1:8.31:39.50, of which the average molecular weight is 8100. In our research, Hep-G2 cells, Hela cells and mesangial cells were chosen to determine the anti-tumor activity of the polysaccharide. The results of MTT assay show that polysaccharides of the mutant strain presented inhibitory activity on the cells proliferation after 48 h incubation.     

Differentiation and quality estimation of Cordyceps with infrared spectroscopy

Heretofore, a scientific and systemic method for differentiation and quality estimation of a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, ‘Cordyceps’, has not been established in modern market. In this paper, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) are employed to propose a method for analysis of Cordyceps. It has presented that IR spectra of real Cordyceps of different origins and counterfeits have their own macroscopic fingerprints, with discriminated shapes, positions and intensities. Their secondary derivative spectra can amplify the differences and confirm the potentially characteristic IR absorption bands 1400–1700 cm⁻¹ to be investigated in 2D-IR. Many characteristic fingerprints are discovered in 2D-IR spectra in the range of 1400–1700 cm⁻¹ and hetero 2D spectra of 670–780 cm⁻¹ × 1400–1700 cm⁻¹. The different fingerprints display different chemical constitutes. Through the three steps, different Cordyceps and their counterfeits can be discriminated effectively and their qualities distinctly display. Successful analysis of eight Cordyceps capsule products has proved the practicability of the method, which can also be applied to the quality estimation of other Chinese traditional medicines.