化学激光器用文氏咀流场特性的数值模拟

 基于现有的文氏咀流量供给管道,提取出轴对称2维计算模型,计算了不同背压下文氏咀及下游管道的流场特性。计算结果显示,随着背压的升高,激波在管道内经历了3种状态,在直管道内为斜激波,到转接段时为拟正激波,进入文氏咀后则为正激波。在进行文氏咀流量计的设计时,应尽量将正激波控制在文氏咀喉道或向下游延伸的一小段距离内,此时是文氏咀的最佳工作状态。另外,采用壁面开孔法在文氏咀下游选取测压点时,为了准确测量截面上的静压,应将测压点选取在距离直管道入口数倍管径处,一般不低于8倍管径。     

脉管制冷机回热器压力特性的实验研究

脉管制冷机回热器冷热端压比和压降的实验数据对回热器研究具有重要作用。为探究回热器冷热两端压比和压降的变化规律,基于实验室自制的直线型脉管制冷机的回热器冷热端压力特性测试平台,实验测量了回热器不同工况下的冷热端压比,分析了输入功对压力特性的影响,找出了频率、制冷温度对回热器压力特性的影响。实验结果表明:冷端压比实测值在1.11-1.14左右,输入功越大,冷热端压比越大;频率越大,冷端压比越大;冷端压比越高,制冷温度越低。     

脉管制冷机回热器压力特性的实验研究北大核心

脉管制冷机回热器冷热端压比和压降的实验数据对回热器研究具有重要作用。为探究回热器冷热两端压比和压降的变化规律,基于实验室自制的直线型脉管制冷机的回热器冷热端压力特性测试平台,实验测量了回热器不同工况下的冷热端压比,分析了输入功对压力特性的影响,找出了频率、制冷温度对回热器压力特性的影响。实验结果表明:冷端压比实测值在1.11-1.14左右,输入功越大,冷热端压比越大;频率越大,冷端压比越大;冷端压比越高,制冷温度越低。     

600~760 ℃范围内超高压力的测定——铅熔点法

 在DS 6×800A压机上，用NiC-NiSi热电偶测量出高压腔内铅的熔点，再根据铅的液-固相变曲线得出所对应的压力。在600~760 ℃温度范围内，测定出高压腔内压力（1.27~6.62 GPa）与油压的对应关系。对两种不同传压介质腔内压力测定的结果表明，采用NaCl作内层传压介质后，其传压效果比不用NaCl只用叶腊石的情况提高了10%。     

一维周期性增益介质的临界长度

用传输矩阵方法研究了一维周期性增益介质的透射频谱随系统层数的变化规律.研究发现：对层数一定的介质,透射率在某些频率上有很大的峰值;增加层数,尖峰在频谱图上出现的位置会发生移动,且对不同的频段,其位置随介质层数的变化规律是不同的.考察了这种系统中每个频率的光所对应的临界长度,解释了不同频段激光出现位置随层数变化的规律.比较了周期系统和随机系统中临界长度与频率关系的异同,用群速度理论和能带理论对此做了解释.     

含水喷射器装置性能的实验研究

当喷射器应用于天然气开采和海水淡化领域时,由于工作流体或引射流体常携带少量水,喷射器常处于气液两相运行状态。本文对含水喷射器装置性能进行了实验研究,获得了不同工作压力和背压下,喷射器性能的变化规律。研究发现,当喷射器临界运行时,加水对喷射器性能影响很小,引射比变化在2.7%之内;而喷射器非临界运行时,气液两相运行时引射比性能变差,与单相运行时相比,引射比最大减小了17%。     

真空环境液体闪蒸射流实验研究

本文实验研究了蒸馏水经内径0.226 mm、长度16.5 mm薄壁不锈钢直管向真空环境排放时形成的液体闪蒸射流现象.实验观察到3种射流形态。在液体初始温度低于背压所对应的饱和温度时,液体不会发生闪蒸,液体射流喷出后保持完整;反之,液体表面蒸发会导致液体射流核周围出现不规则蒸发波,射流破碎散落;进一步降低背压,会使得射流一出喷口即快速破碎形成扩张角大于90°的雾状射流。射流流量在背压低于某个临界数值时出现壅塞现象,即流量不再随背压降低而增加,表现出强烈的可压缩流动特征。     

Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材临界电流实验研究

为了研究磁场、温度对Bi-2223/Ag带材超导性能的影响,建立了一套测量带材临界电流的实验装置,该装置能够提供稳定的背景磁场,控温精度最高可达±20m K,在零场、控温(77.3K)条件下样品的临界电流测量值与带材给定参数基本吻合,表明该装置测量精度满足要求;文中将高温超导带材放在特制控温罩中,使用He气冷技术和温控系统调节样品温度(4.2—80K),测量了在0—12T背场下高温超导带材的临界电流,并系统地分析了Bi-2223/Ag带材临界电流对温度和磁场的依赖关系。     

来流Mach数连续变化下的激波串运动特性

为了研究入射激波变化的隔离段内激波串的运动特性,设计并搭建了直连式变Mach数实验系统,捕捉了相同来流Mach数变化速率、不同背压变化速率下激波串的运动行为,揭示了入射激波与背压同时变化对激波串运动的影响机理。入射激波与背压同时变化时,共有3个方面的因素会影响激波串整体的上下游运动趋势,其一,Mach数变化,Mach数增大导致激波串向下游运动,该影响随Mach数增大逐渐减弱;其二,背景波系移动,背景激波反射点靠近激波串前缘时,可能引起激波串的突跳;其三,背压压比变化,背压压比增大时激波串向上游运动,该影响随背压压比增大逐渐增强。三方面因素共同作用下激波串表现出复杂的运动。     

高温超导导线I_c-B特性的测量

测量了高温超导导线Bi-2223/Ag的临界电流值与外加磁场的依赖性关系.实验结果表明:超导线材的临界电流不仅与磁场大小有关,而且还与外磁场的方向有关.外磁场越大,临界电流值越小;Bi-2223/Ag呈扁带状,临界电流对磁场的依赖性呈现各向异性.该实验与高温超导材料临界温度测量实验结合为高温超导电性能综合测试实验,为学生自主研究提供了拓展空间.     

Magnetotransmission in a Magnetostrictive CoFe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Crystal in the Faraday Geometry

An analytical approach that makes it possible to reconstruct the current–phase relation (CPR) in Josephson structures included in one of the arms of a two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), where the second junction has a significantly higher critical current and a known (sinusoidal) CPR, has been developed. The developed methods of analytical and numerical studies of current–flow transformations in two-junction SQUIDs make it possible to reconstruct the CPR of a junction with a low critical current taking into account both the existence of the self-inductance of the interferometer contour and a possible asymmetry in the supply current system. The efficiency of this approach has been confirmed by the experimental study of niobium–aluminum/aluminum oxide–niobium test structures with the known CPR.     

Study on stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon （a-Si：H） films with high and same order of magnitude photosensitivity （-10^5） but different stability were prepared by using microwave electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapour deposition system under the different deposition conditions. It was proposed that there was no direct correlation between the photosensitivity and the hydrogen content （CH） as well as H-Si bonding configurations, but for the stability, they were the critical factors. The experimental results indicated that higher substrate temperature, hydrogen dilution ratio and lower deposition rate played an important role in improving the microstructure of a-Si：H films. We used hydrogen elimination model to explain our experimental results.     

带调谐光纤F-P腔的光纤环腔半导体激光器的频偏特性研究

本文由速率方程出发分析了带调谐光纤F-P腔的光纤环形腔半导体激光器的频偏特性,结果表明在低频时的频偏功率比自由运转激光器低,而在高频时则趋于一致。改变调制频率和F-P腔的腔长可以改变激光器的频偏功率比,选择适当的调制频率和F-P腔参数就能获得不同的频偏特性。     

Aspect-ratio dependent oscillatory thermocapillary convection in the floating half zone

The dependency of the critical Marangoni number on the geometrical aspect ratio of the floating half zone is essential to predict the onset of oscillatory thermocapillary convection.The experimental studies in the microgravity conditions on floating half zones of several centimeters in diameter have predicted that the critical Marangoni number increases with the increasing aspect ratio,and the terrestrial experimental studies have predicted the contradictory conclusion for floating half zones of several mil...     

临界点附近H2气体的焓和熵的热力学计算

采用热力学方法和Benedict-Webb-Rubin(BWR)方程及相应的参数,计 算了临界温度附近H2气体的绝对焓和熵值,同时拟合了一组高准确度的定压比热容与温度 关联式参数.通过计算值与实验值的比较发现:在临界温度以上,计算值与实验值符合良好 ,对低于临界温度的未饱和H2气体也能计算出较好了结果.但对临界点和温度低于临界温 度、压强高于临界压强的过饱和H2气体的计算误差比较大,说明此时的H2气体的热力学性质特别,应当专门处理.     

Influence of nozzle spacing and diameter on acoustic radiation from supersonic jets in closely spaced arrays

Acoustic emissions were characterized for fourteen, 8 × 8 arrays of axisymmetric supersonic jets experimentally. The nozzle diameters ranged from 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) to 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) and the hole-to-hole spacing (S) over hole diameter (d), or the S/d ratios ranged from 1.44 to 3. The arrays were tested at several net pressure ratios ranging from 2 to 24. It was found that up to a critical net pressure ratio, the arrays radiated ultrasonic frequencies. Beyond this critical net pressure ratio the characteristic frequency decreased to lie within the audible range. Frequency response plots of the sound pressure indicate a broadband frequency peak generated by the turbulent mixing noise of the jet. At lower net pressure ratio (NPR) values, this broadband peak is similar to a single jet within the jet array. However, as the NPR continues to increase this frequency peak shifts to lower values which are similar to a single jet with an equivalent exit area of the entire array. Dimensional analysis revealed that at a critical net pressure ratio a dramatic reduction in the characteristic Strouhal number occurred. A small increase in the characteristic acoustic pressure was also observed at net pressure ratios below the critical net pressure ratio and a larger increase was observed at higher net pressure ratios. The critical net pressure ratio appeared to be a linear function of S/d for the nozzle arrays. A linear curve fit was applied to the measured critical net pressure ratio and this was compared to a theoretical model prediction. The experimental results revealed that the critical net pressure ratio is well predicted by the models.     

二带超导体上临界磁场的各向异性

采用二带Ginziburg-Landau(G-L)理论模型计算了各向异性超导体的上临界磁场,发现上临界磁场Hc2的解析式中包含序参量的各向异性和有效质量的各向异性;上临界磁场ab-面内分量Hc|2|ab、c-轴方向分量Hc|2|ab与实验数据符合;上临界磁场比率在实验许可范围之内。     

HT-7 Tokamak离子回旋波和低杂波等离子体逃逸电子行为研究

HT-7 Tokamak拥有离子回旋波(ICRF)和低杂波(LHW)两套加热系统.ICRF主要对加热离子有比较好的加热效果,LHW则主要是通过电子Landau阻尼加热电子.除此之外,在ICRF和LHW协同加热的条件下,可以对等离子体产生更有效的加热效果,增加等离子体的聚变反应截面,增加聚变中子产额.本文报道了LHW对改善ICRF和等离子体耦合的重要作用,ICRF和LHW加热等离子体中电子温度随时间的演化过程,计算了放电过程中电子逃逸的阈值能量,分析了逃逸电子的产生过程,以及放电过程中的中子产额.研究结果发     

激波管内燃料两相云雾爆轰的实验研究

 在立式激波管中采用压力传感器和烟迹技术实测了6种碳氢燃料（环氧丙烷、硝酸异丙酯、C₅~C₆、己烷、庚烷和癸烷）与空气混合物的临界起爆能和爆轰波胞格尺寸。结果表明，燃料气液两相云雾爆轰的临界起爆能与当量比呈“U”形曲线关系，并且最敏感的起爆点在富燃料一侧，这与气相爆轰结论是一致的；由三波点运动的烟迹记录结果分析得出，雾滴的碎解、蒸发汽化过程以及燃烧区前导是控制气液两相云雾爆轰的作用机制。     

基于空间光调制器的光束大角度扫描技术研究

为实现一束激光在90°锥形范围内的扫描,利用液晶空间光调制器在光束偏转控制时精度高、无机械惯性等优点,研究并建立了基于液晶空间光调制器的光束偏转和角放大光路系统。提出了空间光调制器的可编程相位调制算法和角放大光路结构,推导了空间光调制器光束偏转角度与相位灰度驱动图的关系,设计了角度放大倍率高于22倍的角放大光路系统。在此基础上,建立了光束扫描控制实验系统,对该装置角度出射范围进行了测量,将实际的角放大倍率与设计值进行对比。实验结果表明:研制系统的出射视场角可达91.22°,并可通过畸变校正实现出射视场角范围内的规则形状扫描。该研究在光束敏捷控制、无线激光通信、目标搜索与追踪等领域具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。