Very weak, generalized and strong solutions to the Stokes system in the half-space

In this paper, we study the Stokes system in the half-space , with N?2. We give existence and uniqueness results in weighted Sobolev spaces. After the central case of the generalized solutions, we are interested in strong solutions and symmetrically in very weak solutions by means of a duality argument.     

On the bidirectional vortex and other similarity solutions in spherical coordinates

The bidirectional vortex refers to the bipolar, coaxial swirling motion that can be triggered, for example, in cyclone separators and some liquid rocket engines with tangential aft-end injectors. In this study, we present an exact solution to describe the corresponding bulk motion in spherical coordinates. To do so, we examine both linear and nonlinear solutions of the momentum and vorticity transport equations in spherical coordinates. The assumption will be that of steady, incompressible, inviscid, rotational, and axisymmetric flow. We further relate the vorticity to some power of the stream function. At the outset, three possible types of similarity solutions are shown to fulfill the momentum equation. While the first type is incapable of satisfying the conditions for the bidirectional vortex, it can be used to accommodate other physical settings such as Hill’s vortex. This case is illustrated in the context of inviscid flow over a sphere. The second leads to a closed-form analytical expression that satisfies the boundary conditions for the bidirectional vortex in a straight cylinder. The third type is more general and provides multiple solutions. The spherical bidirectional vortex is derived using separation of variables and the method of variation of parameters. The three-pronged analysis presented here increases our repertoire of general mean flow solutions that rarely appear in spherical geometry. It is hoped that these special forms will permit extending the current approach to other complex fluid motions that are easier to capture using spherical coordinates.     

Uniqueness of transonic shock solutions in a duct for steady potential flow

We study the uniqueness of solutions with a transonic shock in a duct in a class of transonic shock solutions, which are not necessarily small perturbations of the background solution, for steady potential flow. We prove that, for given uniform supersonic upstream flow in a straight duct, there exists a unique uniform pressure at the exit of the duct such that a transonic shock solution exists in the duct, which is unique modulo translation. For any other given uniform pressure at the exit, there exists no transonic shock solution in the duct. This is equivalent to establishing a uniqueness theorem for a free boundary problem of a partial differential equation of second order in a bounded or unbounded duct. The proof is based on the maximum/comparison principle and a judicious choice of special transonic shock solutions as a comparison solution.     

Generalized motion of level sets by functions of their curvatures on Riemannian manifolds

We consider the generalized evolution of compact level sets by functions of their normal vectors and second fundamental forms on a Riemannian manifold M. The level sets of a function evolve in such a way whenever u solves an equation u _t  + F(Du, D ² u) = 0, for some real function F satisfying a geometric condition. We show existence and uniqueness of viscosity solutions to this equation under the assumptions that M has nonnegative curvature, F is continuous off {Du = 0}, (degenerate) elliptic, and locally invariant by parallel translation. We then prove that this approach is geometrically consistent, hence it allows to define a generalized evolution of level sets by very general, singular functions of their curvatures. For instance, these assumptions on F are satisfied when F is given by the evolutions of level sets by their mean curvature (even in arbitrary codimension) or by their positive Gaussian curvature. We also prove that the generalized evolution is consistent with the classical motion by the corresponding function of the curvature, whenever the latter exists. When M is not of nonnegative curvature, the same results hold if one additionally requires that F is uniformly continuous with respect to D ² u. Finally we give some counterexamples showing that several well known properties of the evolutions in are no longer true when M has negative sectional curvature. D. Azagra was supported by grants MTM-2006-03531 and UCM-CAM-910626. M. Jimenez-Sevilla was supported by a fellowship of the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain. F. Macià was supported by program “Juan de la Cierva” and projects MAT2005-05730-C02-02 of MEC (Spain) and PR27/05-13939 UCM-BSCH (Spain).     

High-resolution numerical simulation of 2D nonlinear wave structures in electromagnetic fluids with absorbing boundary conditions

Here we show how the full set of governing equations for the dynamics of charged-particle fluids in an electromagnetic field may be solved numerically in order to model nonlinear wave structures propagating in two dimensions. We employ a source-term adaptation and two-fluid extension of the second-order high-resolution central scheme of Balbas et al. (2004) [1]. The model employed is a 2D extension of that used by Baboolal and Bharuthram (2007) [5] in studies of 1D shocks and solitons in a two-fluid plasma under 3D electromagnetic fields. Further, we outline the use of free-flow boundary conditions to obtain stable wave structures over sufficiently long modelling times. As illustrative results, we examine the formation and evolution of shock-like and soliton structures of the magnetosonic mode.     

An elliptic singularly perturbed problem with two parameters I: Solution decomposition

In this paper we consider a singularly perturbed elliptic problem with two small parameters posed on the unit square. Its solution may have exponential, parabolic and corner layers. We give a decomposition of the solution into regular and layer components and derive pointwise bounds on the components and their derivatives. The estimates are obtained by the analysis of appropriate problems on unbounded domains.     

Existence and regularity of the solution of a mixed boundary value problem for the Keldysh equation with a nonlinear absorption term

The Keldysh equation is a more general form of the classic Tricomi equation from fluid dynamics. Its well-posedness and the regularity of its solution are interesting and important. The Keldysh equation is elliptic in y>0 and is degenerate at the line y=0 in R². Adding a special nonlinear absorption term, we study a nonlinear degenerate elliptic equation with mixed boundary conditions in a piecewise smooth domain—similar to the potential fluid shock reflection problem. By means of an elliptic regularization technique, a delicate a priori estimate and compact argument, we show that the solution of a mixed boundary value problem of the Keldysh equation is smooth in the interior and Lipschitz continuous up to the degenerate boundary under some conditions. We believe that this kind of regularity result for the solution will be rather useful.     

Periodic non-autonomous second-order dynamical systems

We study the existence of periodic solutions for a second-order non-autonomous dynamical system. We give three sets of hypotheses which guarantee the existence of non-constant solutions. We were able to weaken the hypotheses considerably from those used previously for such systems. We employ a saddle point theorem using linking methods.     

Transonic shock wave in an infinite nozzle asymptotically converging to a cylinder

We construct a single transonic shock wave pattern in an infinite nozzle asymptotically converging to a cylinder, which is close to a uniform transonic shock wave. In other words, suppose there is a uniform transonic shock wave in an infinite cylinder nozzle which can be constructed easily, if we perturbed the supersonic incoming flow and the infinite nozzle a little bit, we can obtain a transonic wave near the uniform one. As a consequence, we can show that the uniform transonic wave is stable with respect to the perturbation of the incoming flow and nozzle wall. Based on the theory of [G.Q. Chen, M. Feldman, Existence and stability of multi-dimensional transonic flows through an infinite nozzle of arbitrary cross-sections, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 184 (2007) 185-242], the crucial parts of this paper are to derive the uniform Schauder estimates of the linear elliptic equation for the infinite nozzle asymptotically converging to a cylinder.     

Two-dimensional travelling waves over a moving bottom

Two-dimensional travelling waves on an ideal fluid with gravity and surface tension over a periodically moving bottom with a small amplitude are studied. The bottom and the wave travel with a same speed. The exact Euler equations are formulated as a spatial dynamic system by using the stream function. A manifold reduction technique is applied to reduce the system into one of ordinary differential equations with finite dimensions. A homoclinic solution to the normal form of this reduced system persists when higher-order terms are added, which gives a generalized solitary wave—the homoclinic solution connecting a periodic solution.     

Geometry of quasiminimal phase transitions

We consider the quasiminima of the energy functional

Diffusion in turbulence

Summary We prove long time diffusive behavior (homogenization) for convection-diffusion in a turbulent flow that it incompressible and has a stationary and square integrable stream matrix. Simple shear flow examples show that this result is sharp for flows that have stationary stream matrices.     

A non-trivial explicit solution for the 14-velocity Cabannes kinetic model

We study the shock wave problem for the Cabannes 14-velocity model of the Boltzmann equation in one space dimension (x$x$-axis) and obtain a non-trivial explicit solution which asymptotically connects two particular Maxwellian states. We prove that such a solution exists provided that a suitable condition on the differential elastic cross sections hold.     

On the well-posedness of a linearized plasma-vacuum interface problem in ideal compressible MHD

We study the initial-boundary value problem resulting from the linearization of the plasma-vacuum interface problem in ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). We suppose that the plasma and the vacuum regions are unbounded domains and the plasma density does not go to zero continuously, but jumps. For the basic state upon which we perform linearization we find two cases of well-posedness of the “frozen” coefficient problem: the “gas dynamical” case and the “purely MHD” case. In the “gas dynamical” case we assume that the jump of the normal derivative of the total pressure is always negative. In the “purely MHD” case this condition can be violated but the plasma and the vacuum magnetic fields are assumed to be non-zero and non-parallel to each other everywhere on the interface. For this case we prove a basic a priori estimate in the anisotropic weighted Sobolev space for the variable coefficient problem.     

On strong solutions of the Stokes equations in exterior domains

We construct strong solutionsu, p/of the general nonhomogeneous Stokes equations -u + p=f inG, ·u=g inG, u= on in an exterior domainG ⁿ (n3) with boundary of class C². Our approach uses a localization technique: With the help of suitable cut-off functions and the solution of the divergence equation ·=g inG, = 0 on , the exterior domain problem is reduced to the entire space problem and an interior problem.     

Higher regularity for free boundary and tangential derivative problems and global solutions to regular reflections for the unsteady transonic small disturbance (UTSD) equations

We establish C^2,α$C^{2,\alpha }$-estimates for solutions of a class of quasilinear elliptic equations with free boundary and tangential derivative boundary problems. Using this regularity result we show the existence of global solutions to regular shock reflections for the unsteady transonic small disturbance (UTSD) equation. We also present Lipschitz estimates near the degenerate Dirichlet boundary (the sonic boundary) for the UTSD equation.     

A composite Level Set and Extended-Domain-Eigenfunction Method for simulating 2D Stokes flow involving a free surface

In this paper, the Extended-Domain-Eigenfunction-Method (EDEM) is combined with the Level Set Method in a composite numerical scheme for simulating a moving boundary problem. The liquid velocity is obtained by formulating the problem in terms of the EDEM methodology and solved using a least square approach. The propagation of the free surface is effected by a narrow band Level Set Method. The two methods both pass information to each other via a bridging process, which allows the position of the interface to be updated. The numerical scheme is applied to a series of problems involving a gas bubble submerged in a viscous liquid moving subject to both an externally generated flow and the influence of surface tension.     

Weighted estimates for stationary Navier-Stokes equations

We show Morrey-type estimates for the weak solution of the periodic Navier-Stokes equations in dimensionN, 5 <N < 10. ForN < 8, we prove the existence of a maximum solution.     

Existence of weak solutions for steady viscous fluids with general slip boundary conditions

We study the existence of weak solutions for stationary viscous fluids with general slip boundary conditions in this paper. Applying monotone operator theory, we first establish the existence result of weak solutions for an approximation problem. Then using the compactness methods and the point-wise convergence property of velocity gradients, we get the desired results.