Isogroups of differential ideals of vector-valued differential forms: Application to partial differential equations

An older geometric technique for the study of invariance groups of partial differential equations, originally proposed by one of the authors and F. B. Estabrook, is generalized and extended to problems involving exterior equations for vector-valued or Lie algebra-valued exterior differential forms. Use of the method is demonstrated in the study of the symmetry groups of the two-dimensional Dirac equation and the full Yang-Mills free-field equations in Minkowski spacetime.     

The Hessian and Jacobi morphisms for higher order calculus of variations

We formulate higher order variations of a Lagrangian in the geometric framework of jet prolongations of fibered manifolds. Our formalism applies to Lagrangians which depend on an arbitrary number of independent and dependent variables, together with higher order derivatives. In particular, we show that the second variation is equal (up to horizontal differentials) to the vertical differential of the Euler-Lagrange morphism which turns out to be self-adjoint along solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations. These two objects, respectively, generalize in an invariant way the Hessian morphism and the Jacobi morphism (which is then self-adjoint along critical sections) of a given Lagrangian to the case of higher order Lagrangians. Some examples of classical Lagrangians are provided to illustrate our method.     

A general method for writing the dynamical equations of nonholonomic systems with ideal constraints

The basic notions of the dynamics of nonholonomic systems are revisited in order to give a general and simple method for writing the dynamical equations for linear as well as non-linear kinematical constraints. The method is based on the representation of the constraints by parametric equations, which are interpreted as dynamical equations, and leads to first-order differential equations in normal form, involving the Lagrangian coordinates and auxiliary variables (the use of Lagrangian multipliers is avoided). Various examples are illustrated.      

Asymptotic symmetry of solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations

For a large class of partial differential equations on exterior domains or on ?^N we show that any solution tending to a limit from one side as x goes to infinity satisfies the property of “asymptotic spherical symmetry”. The main examples are semilinear elliptic equations, quasilinear degenerate elliptic equations, and first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations.     

Maurer–Cartan forms and the structure of Lie pseudo-groups

This paper begins a series devoted to developing a general and practical theory of moving frames for infinite-dimensional Lie pseudo-groups. In this first, preparatory part, we present a new, direct approach to the construction of invariant Maurer–Cartan forms and the Cartan structure equations for a pseudo-group. Our approach is completely explicit and avoids reliance on the theory of exterior differential systems and prolongation. The second paper [60] will apply these constructions in order to develop the moving frame algorithm for the action of the pseudo-group on submanifolds. The third paper [61] will apply Gr?bner basis methods to prove a fundamental theorem on the freeness of pseudo-group actions on jet bundles, and a constructive version of the finiteness theorem of Tresse and Kumpera for generating systems of differential invariants and also their syzygies. Applications of the moving frame method include practical algorithms for constructing complete systems of differential invariants and invariant differential forms, classifying their syzygies and recurrence relations, analyzing invariant variational principles, and solving equivalence and symmetry problems arising in geometry and physics.     

Involution analysis for nonlinear exterior differential systems

Analysing auxiliary systems for integrability conditions is an indispensable part of many indirect studies of partial differential equations, such as symmetry analysis. An invariant differential geometric approach to integrability analysis is described, using the concept of an involutive exterior differential system. The essential theory is first presented, paying particular attention to the nonlinear case, and then algorithms implementing the central techniques are discussed.     

Perturbation theory for nonlinear feedback control systems and spencer-goldschmidt integrability of linear partial differential equations

This paper aims to develop the differential-geometric and Lie-theoretic foundations of perturbation theory for control systems, extending the classical methods of Poincaré from the differential equation-dynamical system level where they are traditionally considered, to the situation where the element of control is added. It will be guided by general geometric principles of the theory of differential systems, seeking approximate solutions of the feedback linearization equations for nonlinear affine control systems. In this study, certain algebraic problems of compatibility of prolonged differential systems are encountered. The methods developed by D. C. Spencer and H. Goldschmidt for studying over-determined systems of partial differential equations are needed. Work in the direction of applying theio theory is presented.Supported by grants from the Ames Research Center of NASA and the Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Programs of the National Science Foundation     

Четаев型非完整力学系统的微分几何原理

本文应用现代微分几何的方法研究Четаев型非完整力学系统.通过恰当地定义Четаев型约束Pfaff系统,给出了非完整力学系统的微分几何结构,从而将带有非完整约束的Lagrange方程表达为一种与坐标无关的不变形式,并且采用这个新观点讨论了约束的嵌入和非完整力学系统的守恒定律等问题,得到了约束子流形上的Noether型定理.     

Graded Poisson structures on the algebra of differential forms

We study the graded Poisson structures defined on Ω(M), the graded algebra of differential forms on a smooth manifoldM, such that the exterior derivative is a Poisson derivation. We show that they are the odd Poisson structures previously studied by Koszul, that arise from Poisson structures onM. Analogously, we characterize all the graded symplectic forms on ΩM) for which the exterior derivative is a Hamiltomian graded vector field. Finally, we determine the topological obstructions to the possibility of obtaining all odd symplectic forms with this property as the image by the pullback of an automorphism of Ω(M) of a graded symplectic form of degree 1 with respect to which the exterior derivative is a Hamiltonian graded vector field.     

A constructive generalised Goursat normal form

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the derived type of a vector field distribution V in order that it be locally equivalent to a partial prolongation of the contact distribution , on the 1st order jet bundle of maps from R to Rq, q?1. This result fully generalises the Goursat normal form from the theory of exterior differential systems. Our proof is constructive: it is proven that if V is locally equivalent to a partial prolongation of then the explicit construction of contact coordinates algorithmically depends upon the integration of a sequence of geometrically defined and algorithmically determined integrable Pfaffian systems on M. Though the tools required are rather different, our main theorem may be regarded as a generalisation of the work of R.B. Gardner and W.F. Shadwick on the feedback linearisation of autonomous nonlinear control systems.     

Contact symmetries of the Helmholtz form

In this paper, vector fields which are symmetries of the contact ideal are studied. It is shown that contact symmetries of the Helmholtz form transform a dynamical form to a dynamical form which is variational (i.e. comes as the Euler-Lagrange form from a Lagrangian). The case of dynamical forms representing first-order classes in the variational sequence is analysed in detail, which means, by the variational sequence theory, that systems of ordinary differential equations of order ?3 are concerned.     

Inverse problem of fractional calculus of variations for partial differential equations

The current paper aims at finding out a Lagrangian structure for some partial differential equations including the Stokes equations, the fractional wave equation, the diffusion or fractional diffusion equations, using the fractional embedding theory of continuous Lagrangian systems.     

Second-order type-changing evolution equations with first-order intermediate equations

This paper presents a partial classification for C^∞ type-changing symplectic Monge-Ampère partial differential equations (PDEs) that possess an infinite set of first-order intermediate PDEs. The normal forms will be quasi-linear evolution equations whose types change from hyperbolic to either parabolic or to zero. The zero points can be viewed as analogous to singular points in ordinary differential equations. In some cases, intermediate PDEs can be used to establish existence of solutions for ill-posed initial value problems.     

Singularities of Lagrangian varieties and related topics

We study the classification problem for generic projections of Lagrangian submanifolds. A classification list for symmetric Lagrangian submanifolds is obtained and the generic evolutions of symmetric caustics are illustrated. We show how the singular Lagrangian varieties appear in the invariant theory of binary forms and we introduce the basic concepts of the desingularization procedure. Applications to differential geometry, geometrical optics, and mechanics are presented.     

Separable anisotropic differential operators and applications

The nonlocal boundary value problems for anisotropic partial differential-operator equations with a dependent coefficients are studied. The principal parts of the appropriate generated differential operators are nonself-adjoint. Several conditions for the maximal regularity and the fredholmness in Banach-valued Lp-spaces of these problems are given. These results permit us to establish that the inverse of corresponding differential operators belongs to Schatten q-class. Some spectral properties of the operators are investigated. In applications, the nonlocal BVP's for quasielliptic partial differential equations and for systems of quasielliptic equations on cylindrical domain are studied.     

Three-webs defined by a system of ordinary differential equations

We consider a three-web W(1, n, 1) formed by two n-parametric family of curves and one-parameter family of hypersurfaces on a smooth (n + 1)-dimensional manifold. For such webs, the family of adapted frames is defined and the structure equations are found, and geometric objects arising in the third-order differential neighborhood are investigated. It is showed that every system of ordinary differential equations uniquely defines a three-web W(1, n, 1). Thus, there is a possibility to describe some properties of a system of ordinary differential equations in terms of the corresponding three-web W(1, n, 1). In particular, autonomous systems of ordinary differential equations are characterized.     

Riemannian manifolds carrying a pair of skew symmetric conformal vector fields

We deal with a Riemannian manifoldM carrying a pair of skew symmetric conformal vector fields (X, Y). The existence of such a pairing is determined by an exterior differential system in involution (in the sense of Cartan). In this case,M is foliated by 3-dimensional totally geodesic submanifolds. Additional geometric properties are proved.     

The Vectorial Ribaucour Transformation for Submanifolds of Constant Sectional Curvature

We obtain a reduction of the vectorial Ribaucour transformation that preserves the class of submanifolds of constant sectional curvature of space forms, which we call the L-transformation. It allows to construct a family of such submanifolds starting with a given one and a vector-valued solution of a system of linear partial differential equations. We prove a decomposition theorem for the L-transformation, which is a far-reaching generalization of the classical permutability formula for the Ribaucour transformation of surfaces of constant curvature in Euclidean three space. As a consequence, we derive a Bianchi-cube theorem, which allows to produce, from k initial scalar L-transforms of a given submanifold of constant curvature, a whole k-dimensional cube all of whose remaining \(2^k-(k+1)\) vertices are submanifolds with the same constant sectional curvature given by explicit algebraic formulae. We also obtain further reductions, as well as corresponding decomposition and Bianchi-cube theorems, for the classes of n-dimensional flat Lagrangian submanifolds of \({\mathbb {C}}^n\) and n-dimensional Lagrangian submanifolds with constant curvature c of the complex projective space \({\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {P}}^n(4c)\) or the complex hyperbolic space \({\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {H}}^n(4c)\) of complex dimension n and constant holomorphic curvature 4c.     

Topological structure of solution sets for impulsive differential inclusions in Fréchet spaces

In this paper, we consider the existence of solutions as well as the topological and geometric structure of solution sets for first-order impulsive differential inclusions in some Fréchet spaces. Both the initial and terminal problems are considered. Using ingredients from topology and homology, the topological structures of solution sets (closedness and compactness) as well as some geometric properties (contractibility, acyclicity, AR and R_δ) are investigated. Some of our existence results are obtained via the method of taking the inverse system limit on noncompact intervals.