山楂果和桑枝提取物中总黄酮含量的Fe（phen）3^2＋探针共振瑞利散射法测定

在pH值约为8.0的BR缓冲介质中,桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁等黄酮类物质能与Fe（phen）32＋反应形成离子缔合物,此时将引起共振瑞利散射（RRS）显著增强,最大RRS波长均位于310 nm。在一定范围内散射强度（ΔI）与黄酮类物质的浓度成正比,据此可以建立用Fe（phen）3^2＋测定某些黄酮类物质的新RRS法。对桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁的检出限（3σ/K）分别为1.25×10^-7mol/L（37.74μg/L）,1.80×10^-7mol/L（54.42μg/L）,2.72×10^-7mol/L（167.30μg/L）。研究了反应的适宜条件和影响因素,考察了共存物质的影响。结果表明,方法有较好的选择性。分别以芦丁和桑色素为对照品测定了中药材山楂果和桑枝中的总黄酮含量,对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

毛细管电泳安培法测定田基黄中的芦丁与槲皮素

建立了毛细管电泳电化学分离检测田基黄中生物活性成分芦丁和槲皮素的方法。考察了检测电极电位、缓冲液浓度、pH、运行电压和进样时间对分离的影响。以40 cm长,50μm内径的石英毛细管作为分离通道,运行缓冲液为25 mmol/L硼砂(pH 9.2)溶液,分离电压12 kV,0.3 mm直径的铂圆盘电极为检测电极,检测电位1.00 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),芦丁和槲皮素在10 min内得到良好分离。在上述实验条件下,芦丁和槲皮素分别在8.2×10-6~5.2×10-4mol/L与6.8×10-6~7.2×10-4mol/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,检出限分别为9.0×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)和4.7×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。方法已应用于田基黄药材提取物成分分析。     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测益母草及其冲剂中的黄酮类化合物

用毛细管电泳-电化学检测(CE-ED)法同时测定了益母草及三种益母草冲剂中的根皮苷、橙皮素、芦丁、山奈酚、洋芹素和槲皮素六种黄酮类化合物的含量。考察了实验参数对分离、检测的影响,得到了最佳试验条件。采用300μm碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为 0.95 V(vs.SCE),在80 mmol/L的Na2B4O7-H3BO3(pH 8.7)的运行缓冲液中,上述各组分在20 min内能完全分离。根皮苷、橙皮素、芦丁、山奈酚、洋芹素、槲皮素在5.00×10-7~1.00×10-4g/mL范围内均与其相应的峰电流呈线性关系,其检出限(S/N=3)分别为4.68×10-7、2.03×10-7、4.68×10-7、2.68×10-7、4.81×10-7、3.61×10-7g/mL。该法应用于实际样品的分析,结果令人满意。     

分子光谱法研究曙红Y与马来酸罗格列酮相互作用及其分析应用

在HCl-NaAc酸性缓冲介质中,曙红Y(EY)与马来酸罗格列酮(ROM)反应形成1∶1的离子缔合物,不仅引起吸收光谱(UV)的变化和EY的荧光猝灭(FS),更能导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的显著增强,并产生新的RRS光谱。以试剂为参比,吸收光谱的最大褪色波长为510nm;荧光猝灭的激发波长λex和发射波长λem分别为521和544nm;最大共振散射波长λRRS为307nm,并在532nm处形成较强的散射峰。各方法的线性范围分别为4.98×10-7～7.5×10-6 mol/L(UV)、8.34×10-8～1.79×10-5 mol/L(FS)和4.66×10-9～1.25×10-5 mol/L(RRS),检出限分别为1.49×10-7 mol/L(UV)、2.50×10-8 mol/L(FS)和1.40×10-9 mol/L(RRS)。文中研究了吸收、荧光和共振散射的光谱特征、适宜的反应条件及影响因素,并对荧光猝灭机制及RRS的增强进行了讨论,据此建立了灵敏、简便、快速测定抗糖尿病药物马来酸罗格列酮的新方法。     

流动注射化学发光法测定槐米中槲皮素

在碱性溶液中槲皮素对过氧化氢氧化鲁米诺而产生的化学发光(CL)具有很强的抑制作用,且其CL强度的减弱程度与槲皮素浓度之间在一定的范围内呈线性关系。据此,并结合应用流动注射(FI)技术,提出了FI-CL测定槐米中槲皮素含量的方法。反应体系中所用试剂的最佳浓度为:①cH2O2=0.2mol.L-1;②c鲁米诺=8.5×10-4mol.L-1;③cNaOH=0.01mol.L-1。对槲皮素测定的线性范围为2.65×10-6～5.31×10-4mol.L-1之间,其检出限(3s/k)为9.26×10-7mol.L-1。用4×10-4mol.L-1槲皮素标准溶液进行精密度试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=11)为3.0%。分析试样时,先从槐米在pH 8～9的碱性溶液中提取芦丁,然后在微酸性(pH 5)溶液中使芦丁水解得到槲皮素粗品。将此粗品经反复重结晶得到槲皮素纯品,溶于乙醇(40+60)溶液中制成溶液,用于FI-CL分析。     

盐酸吡格列酮与曙红Y相互作用的荧光和共振光散射光谱研究

在HCl-NaOAc酸性缓冲介质中,曙红Y(EY)与盐酸吡格列酮(PGH)反应形成1∶1的离子缔合物,不仅引起曙红Y的荧光猝灭(FLU),更能导致共振散射(RRS)的显著增强。荧光猝灭的激发和发射波长分别为λex=524nm和λem=544nm;最大共振散射波长为308nm,并在540nm处产生一共振峰。方法的线性范围分别为9.04×10-7～2.05×10-5mol/L(FLU)和1.6×10-7～5.1×10-6mol/L(RRS),检出限分别为1.88×10-7mol/L(FLU)和4.82×10-8mol/L(RRS)。研究了荧光和共振散射的光谱特征、适宜的反应条件及影响因素,据此建立了灵敏、简便、快速测定抗糖尿病药物盐酸吡格列酮的新方法。     

汞(Ⅱ)-邻菲啰啉-刚果红缔合体系的共振瑞利散射和共振非线性散射光谱及分析应用

在pH=9.0的弱碱性环境中,Hg2+与邻菲啰啉(phen)反应形成无色螯合物[Hg(phen)3]2+,再与刚果红(CR)反应,形成三元离子缔合物Hg(phen)3CR,其摩尔比为1∶1。 此时引起共振瑞利散射(RRS)、二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)光谱显著增强,最大的散射波长分别位于578 nm(RRS法)、612 nm(SOS法)和352 nm(FDS法)。 在一定条件下,散射增强(ΔI)与Hg2+浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为2.32 μg/L(RRS法)、3.20 μg/L(SOS法)和1.56 μg/L(FDS法),考察了最佳实验条件和影响因素,表明本方法具有良好的选择性,并以RRS法为例研究了共存物质的影响。 据此建立了灵敏度高、选择性好、快速准确测定Hg2+的光散射新方法,该方法用于环境水样中Hg2+的测定取得满意结果。 并对RRS增强的原因和反应机理进行了讨论。     

一种定量测定Pb^2＋的新型荧光探针的合成及性能

以氟化硼络合二吡咯甲川类(BODIPY)染料为荧光团,二(2-羟基乙基)亚胺为识别体合成了一种新的对Pb2+具有高选择性的Pb2+荧光探针.在HEPES缓冲溶液(pH 7.4)中,当Pb2+浓度达到1.0×10-5 mol/L时肉眼可观察到探针荧光强度明显增强;当Pb2+浓度达到3.0×10-4 mol/L时,探针荧光强度增大20倍以上,且识别作用不受其它金属离子(Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Hg2+、Ag+、Cd2+、Cr3+、Fe3+)干扰.Pb2+浓度在0.2×10-5～5.0×10-5 mol/L范围内,探针荧光强度与Pb2+浓度有较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,检出限为0.2 μmol/L.     

流动注射化学发光法测定曲克芦丁

基于曲克芦丁对Luminol-K_2S_2O_化学发光体系的强烈抑制作用,结合流动注射技术,建立了流动注射化学发光法测定曲克芦丁的新方法.在优化的实验条件下,该法的线性范围为1.0 ×10~(-7)～6.7×10~(-5)mol/L,检出限为8.0×10~(-8)mol/L,对4.0×10~(-7)mol/L曲克芦丁进...     

中药菟丝子中生物活性成分的毛细管电泳-电化学检测

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法(CE-ECD)同时测定了菟丝子中芦丁、金丝桃甙、山柰酚、对香豆酸和槲皮素等5种主要生物活性成分的含量,考察了运行缓冲液酸度和浓度、分离电压、氧化电位和进样时间等实验参数对分离检测的影响。在最佳实验条件下,以直径300 μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为+950 mV(vs. 参比电极),以50 mmol/L的硼砂缓冲溶液(pH 9.0)为运行缓冲液,上述各组分在19 min内能完全分离。芦丁、金丝桃甙、山柰酚、对香豆酸和槲皮素在两个数量级的范围内呈良好线性关系,检测下限(按S/N=3计) 分别为1.93×10-5,3.55×10-4,3.65×10-5,1.73×10-5和1.46×10-4 g/L。该法已成功地应用于菟丝子中活性成分的分离检测,结果令人满意。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。