用TPD、TPSR研究苯、丙烯和异丙苯在Hβ沸石上的吸附和脱附行为

用程序升温脱附(TPD)和程序升温表面反应(TPSR)技术研究了苯,丙烯和异丙苯在Hβ沸石上的吸附和脱附行为。结果表明,苯的脱附峰为一单峰,T_M值为260℃。在TPSR过程中,丙烯和异丙苯在Hβ沸石上分别发生聚合和裂解反应。用氨中毒法研究表明,强酸中心对聚合和裂解反应影响明显。文中讨论苯在Hβ沸石上的吸附模型和改进催化剂稳定性的可能途径。     

NaY沸石超笼中合成12-钼磷杂多酸

针对负载杂多酸催化剂在极性反应体系中活性组分易溶脱的难题, 用“瓶中造船(ship in the bottle)”的方法在NaY沸石超笼中合成了12-钼磷酸. 将机械混和的MoO₃晶体和NaY沸石在高温下焙烧, 使MoO₃在沸石表面高度分散, 以此复合物在磷酸水溶液中反应, 得到的固体样品用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、³¹P核磁共振谱(³¹P NMR)和红外光谱(IR)进行了表征, 并测试了其在醋酸和正丁醇的酯化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明, MoO₃质量分数为10%的MoO₃/NaY 中载体仍保持Y沸石的结构, 以此为原料合成的样品呈现出Keggin结构杂多酸的红外特征峰, 并且在核磁共振磷谱中杂多酸的化学位移峰向负值方向发生了较大程度的位移, 说明杂多阴离子与Y沸石羟基发生了强相互作用, 样品在醋酸与正丁醇的酯化反应中显示出了较高的催化活性和优异的重复使用性能. 这些充分说明在NaY沸石超笼中成功合成了12-钼磷酸.     

高酸位多级孔超稳Y型沸石的制备及催化性能

以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTABr)为模板剂,在水热体系对水蒸气处理后的超稳Y型(USY)沸石进行晶化处理,获得高酸量和高水热稳定性的USY-c-w样品。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、固态核磁共振、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-程序升温脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱及吡啶红外对所制备催化剂的物化性质进行详细表征。选用1,3,5-三异丙苯(TIPB)催化裂化作为探针反应,研究制备的催化剂的催化性能,并与工业USY沸石进行对比。结果表明,再次水热晶化后,样品的硅铝骨架局部重构,非骨架铝重新进入沸石骨架,合成样品的硅铝比(n_Si/n_Al)由10降至3.0;再晶化后的USY沸石,不仅具有丰富的介孔结构,并且具有更多的弱酸和中强酸位点。在TIPB裂解反应中,再晶化后的USY沸石表现出比原样品更优异的催化性能。     

Y型沸石的铝化及其性能研究

用(NH_4)_3AlF_6溶液对Y型沸石进行铝化,得到了不同硅铝比的铝化Y型沸石。XRD实验表明Al原子进入Y型沸石骨架,晶胞常数α_0增大,而且晶胞常数α_0的增大与铝化程度有一定的关系。铝化Y型沸石的吸附量略有降低。IR研究表明,骨架振动,表面羟基谱峰变化不明显。在铝化Y型沸石上存在B酸和L酸,其主要是B酸中心。     

脱铝八面沸石的研究II.羟基及其酸性

采用SiCl_4同晶取代NaY沸石,制备了硅铝比变化较宽且结晶度完好的八面沸石,进一步将样品交换为铵型,还制备了铝交换型八面沸石及越稳Y样品。红外研究发现,随硅铝比增加,八面沸石样品的两种典型羟基谱带频率发生规律性变化,且于3600及3666cm~(-1)附近相继出现新的羟基吸收谱带,其小笼羟基质子酸性逐渐增加,沸石体系B酸总量逐渐降低,而强B酸量则呈山峰形变化,骨架外铝对硅铝比较低的样品的酸性影响较大,在骨架硅铝比相近情况下,高温水热法脱铝样品(USY)较SiCl_4脱铝样品(DNH_4Y)的羟基谱带和酸性具有明显的差异。     

IR. MAS NMR法研究富硅超稳镨氢Y沸石

制备了NH_4Y、USY、PrHY、USPrHY、F8Y及FSPrHY催化剂, 测定其组成和物性. 于红外光谱装置上比较了上述催化剂羟基峰的异同, 通过对吡啶的吸脱附测定了诸催化剂的酸强度. B 酸强度顺序为: FSPrHY>FSY>USPrHY>USY>PrHY>NH_4Y. ~(29)Sit MAS NMR谱表明, 在USPrHY 及FSPrHY 的Si(0Al)%甚多于PrHY 和NH_4Y中的Si(0Al)%. IR、~(29)Si MAS NMR及活性测试等结果说明: 沸石中0NNN铝位的存在, 是达到强酸性的必要条件. 高价稀土阳离子形成(?)及Pr(OH)~(2+)抵消了方钠石笼中AlO_4~-上的电荷, 增强了剩余铝位上羟基酸强度; 且从骨架羟基上吸引电子, 因而使质子酸性更强, 从而提高了裂解、岐化、脱烷基活性.     

热分解NH4Y型沸石的酸性

用量热滴定法、电位滴定法、脉冲色谱法等技术测定了各种热分解NH_4Y型沸石的总酸度、质子酸度、最高酸强度以及催化裂解反应活性,并对上述沸石的吸附吡啶进行了DTA—TG和N(1s)电子能谱的研究。结果表明,沸石的弱结合Al(16—17Al/U.C.)移去后,其总酸度略有下降,酸强度稍有增加,异丙苯裂解活性未发现明显变化。随着脱Al量的递增,吸附吡啶量降低。XPS图显示出,未脱Al的NH_4Y型沸石和脱Al沸石经焙烧后的差别,近乎是在“很薄”的表面层范围内。表面Al(OH)_(3-x)~(x+)阳离子不是沸石酸性和催化活性的决定因素,热分解NH_4Y型沸石的酸性主要来源于其骨架质子。     

程序升温脱附研究沸石的表面酸性Ⅰ.在不同Ca2+离子交换度的Y型沸石上吡啶的程序升温脱附峰谱

用程序升温脱附技术,在接近反应条件下研究沸石的表面酸性。在NaY沸石上吡啶的程脱峰有二,峰Ⅱ为主峰,其前沿有一肩膀峰Ⅰ,前者为吡啶吸附于Na~+上的物种,后者可能为残留的物理吸附吡啶(在超笼中)。随Ca~(2+)离子交换度的增加,在交换度40—60％间程脱峰谱发生质的变化,在高温区另出现一脱附峰(峰Ⅲ),与此同时峰Ⅱ向低温迁移,峰Ⅰ渐趋消失。经色谱鉴定,脱附产品中只有吡啶存在,其总吸附量随Ca~(2+)交换度增加而递减,表明吡啶分子在Na~+上的吸附极为显著,因此对Na~+含量甚高的硅铝样品,不能采用吡啶的总吸附量来作为酸性数量的衡量标准。     

不同脱铝深度稀土超稳Y沸石的催化性能的研究

本文选择正庚烷、正十六烷、环己烯和α-甲基萘作为探针分子考察了四种脱铝深度的稀土超稳Y沸石对短链烃、长链烃、单环烯烃和多环芳烃的催化性能,同时将催化性能与稀土超稳Y沸石的酸性关联起来。结果表明:四种沸石对各种探针分子的裂解活性依次为正十六烷>正庚烷>α-甲基萘>环己烯。对单个探针反应,除REUSY-38外,其余样品的裂解活性和选择性均与骨架铝有关而与非骨架铝无关;裂解活性随(N_(AI))_E的减少,酸强度的增加而增加,即REUSY-2>REUSY-2m>REUSY-1。反应温度的升高和脱铝深度的加深,都会导致探针反应的裂解深度的增加。     

高酸位多级孔超稳Y型沸石的制备及催化性能

以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTABr）为模板剂,在水热体系对水蒸气处理后的超稳Y型（USY）沸石进行晶化处理,获得高酸量和高水热稳定性的USY-c-w样品。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、固态核磁共振、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-程序升温脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱及吡啶红外对所制备催化剂的物化性质进行详细表征。选用1,3,5-三异丙苯（TIPB）催化裂化作为探针反应,研究制备的催化剂的催化性能,并与工业USY沸石进行对比。结果表明,再次水热晶化后,样品的硅铝骨架局部重构,非骨架铝重新进入沸石骨架,合成样品的硅铝比（n_SiO2/n_Al2O3）由10降至3.0;再晶化后的USY沸石,不仅具有丰富的介孔结构,并且具有更多的弱酸和中强酸位点。在TIPB裂解反应中,再晶化后的USY沸石表现出比原样品更优异的催化性能。     

Responsiveness of the first combination band of water to the state in organic and polymeric medium

We studied the influence of intermolecular interactions on the first combination band between the OH-stretching and -deformation vibrations of the water that is dissolved in organic and polymeric materials. The water has two types. The first type occurs in the matrix in which water-interactive functional groups are densely distributed. The water is symmetrically hydrogen-bonded through each OH to two functional groups and shows one clear combination band, of which the frequency depends on the strength of the hydrogen bond. The second type occurs in the matrix in which the functional groups are rarely distributed. One OH of this water is hydrogen-bonded to the functional group but the other OH is free. The water shows two combination bands, of which one is sharp and strong at about 5300 cm-1 and the other is weaker and broader, the frequency changing in the 5200-5100 cm-1 range. Thus, the dissolved water sensitively responds to the nature of a water-interactive functional group and its distribution density in a matrix, and shows the first combination band that is characteristic of these factors.     

碱金属丝光沸石的表征及对甲胺合成反应的性能

对不同碱金属含量和不同温度水汽处理的丝光沸石样品，用ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ进行了物性表征，对其中某些样品以甲醇与氟合成甲胺反应用连续反应一在线分析进行了考察．水汽处理后，沸石发生骨架脱铝并保持很高的结晶度，其Ｂ酸总酸量及强酸量均剧降；甲醇转化活性反而提高，二甲胺选择性也显著提高，三甲胺选择性降至很低．表明过多、过强的酸性中心于本反应无益．此外，沸石经水汽处理后发生多种变化，产生了良好的择形催化效应．     

Vibrational spectrum of katoite Ca3Al2[(OH)4]3: a periodic ab initio study

The vibrational spectrum of the Si-free katoite hydrogarnet (116 atoms in the unit cell) has been calculated at the periodic ab initio quantum mechanical level with the CRYSTAL program, by using a Gaussian type basis set and the hybrid B3LYP Hamiltonian. The harmonic frequencies at the Gamma point have been obtained by diagonalizing the mass-weighted Hessian matrix, that is evaluated by numerical differentiation of the analytical first derivatives of the energy with respect to the atomic Cartesian coordinates. The parameters controlling the numerical differentiation, as well as the numerical integration of the exchange-correlation functional for the self-consistent field (SCF) calculation, are shown to affect the obtained frequencies by less than 3 cm-1. Before diagonalization, the dynamical matrix is transformed to a block diagonal form according to the irreducible representations of the point group, so that the 345 vibrational modes are automatically classified by symmetry. Various tools are adopted (graphical representation, isotopic substitution, "freezing" part of the unit cell) that permit a complete classification of normal modes and, in particular, an analysis of the modes in terms of simple models (octahedra modes, Ca modes, H stretching, bending, rotations). The harmonic OH stretching band (48 modes) is quite narrow (20 cm-1), indicating that the interaction among OH groups is very weak. As the OH stretching modes are known to be totally separable from the other modes and strongly anharmonic, the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for the anharmonic oscillator is solved numerically for the two extreme situations, corresponding to the vibration of one decoupled OH and of all 48 OH groups moving in phase. The anharmonic frequencies are 3682 and 3673 cm-1, respectively, in good agreement with IR experiments (a single band at 3661 cm-1 with a width at half band height of 33 cm-1) and confirming that the interaction between OH groups is extremely weak.     

Negative effect of Ni on PtHY in n-pentane isomerization evidenced by IR and ESR studies

Ni/PtHY with different Ni loadings was prepared by impregnating HY with hexachloroplatinic acid solution and Ni2+/N,N-dimethylformamide solution. An increase in the Ni loading decreased the crystallinity, specific surface area and meso-micropores of the catalysts. Ni interacted with hydroxyl groups to produce IR absorption bands at 3740-3500 cm-1. Increasing Ni loadings resulted in a decrease in the intensities of the broad bands at 3730-3500 cm-1 and the sharp band at 3740 cm-1 with simultaneous development of new absorbance band at 3700 cm-1 that was attributed to (-OH)Ni. The acidity of the samples did not significantly change with Ni loadings up to 1.0 wt%, which indicated that Ni mostly interacts with non-acidic silanol groups (terminal- and structural-defect OH groups). The presence of Ni decreased the activity of PtHY toward the isomerization of n-pentane because of a decrease in the number of active protonic-acid sites that formed from molecular hydrogen. IR and ESR studies confirmed that Pt facilitated the formation of protonic-acid sites from molecular hydrogen, whereas Ni, even when combined with Pt, didn’t exhibit such ability. The absence of protonic-acid sites from molecular hydrogen significantly decreased the yield of iso-pentane and markedly increased the cracking products.     

经过吸附处理的Ti-Si沸石的IR和UV-Vis光谱研究

用IR和UV-Vis光谱对Ti-Si沸石吸附H₂O、H₂O₂、烯丙基氯后的变化情况进行了研究。观察到H₂O₂的吸附将引起Ti-Si沸石IR光谱中960cm^-1谱带的减弱,同时一个弱带在880cm^-1处形成;而在UV-Vis光谱中,吸附H₂O₂将导致一个新的电子跃迁带在425nm处形成。这时若吸附烯丙基氯,则可发现880cm^-1的弱带及UV-Vis425nm的宽带会进一步减弱,同时一个新的IR带重又出现在980cm^-1处。吸附H₂O₂后导致的IR880cm^-1弱带的出现及UV-Vis425nm宽带的出现均证实此时在沸石表面形成了过氧钛物种。推测骨架晶格钛可能在H₂O₂参加的氧化反应中起活性中心作用。     

H（Mg,Co）AlPO4—5杂原子分子筛的酸性质测定

以红外光谱和程序升温脱附法研究了H(Mg,Co)AlPO_4-5分子筛的酸性,样品红外谱图中的3820和3680cm~(-1)谱峰分别归属于v_(Al—OH)和v_(p—OH),而3660～3568cm~(-1)谱峰则分别归属于HMgAlPO_4-5和HCoAlPO_4-5分子筛的M(OH)P(M=Mg,Co)基团的振动,酸强度顺序为:Co(OH)P>Mg(OH)P>P(OH)>Al(OH),吡啶吸附的红外光谱揭示,H(Mg,Co)AlPO_4-5分子筛具有较高酸强度的B酸和L酸中心。NH_3-TPD表明分子筛的酸强度顺序为H(Co)AlPO_4-5>H(Mg)AlPO_4-5>>AlPO_4-5。     

Identification of the rosasite group minerals--an application of near infrared spectroscopy

The ability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to classify the rosasite group minerals from spectral characteristics is demonstrated. NIR spectroscopy can be regarded as an alternative tool for structure analysis. The spectra show that rosasite group minerals with different cations can be distinguished. Ni2+ in nullaginite [Ni2(CO3)(OH)2] is conspicuous through a single broad band absorption feature at 8525 cm-1, extended from 11,000 to 7000 cm-1. The effect of Ni on Cu is seen in the spectrum of glaukosphaerite [(Cu, Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2] both by a red shift of the spectrum and reduction in intensity of bands with variable positions of band maxima for Cu2+ at 6995 cm-1 and Ni2+ at 7865 cm-1. The spectrum of rosasite [(Cu, Zn)2(CO)3(OH)2] is characterised by Cu2+ band at 7535 cm-1. Kolwezite [(Cu, Co)2(CO)3(OH)2] is a spectral mixture of Cu and Co but optically separated by Co2+ and Cu2+ peaks at 8385 and 7520 cm-1. Vibrational spectra of carbonates show a number of bands in the 7000-4000 cm-1 region attributable to overtones, combination of OH stretching and deformation modes. They appear to be uniform in nature since the structure of rosasite group minerals is identical. The complexity of these features varies between samples because of the variation in composition and hence is useful for discriminating different hydrous carbonates.     

氧化碘苯间氨基苯甲酸锰(IV)四苯基卟啉配合物的合成

高价锰卟啉配合物在温和条件下分解水,释放氧,是植物光体体II的可能模型化合物.我们选择间氨基苯甲酸作为轴向配体,在二氯甲烷中用氧化碘苯氧化H2NC6H4COOMn(III)TPP相似文献   

IR spectral determination of mica in multicomponent systems

A procedure for the determination of mica (muscovite) in ores and concentrates by IR spectrometry is developed. It is shown that the change in the absorbance of the muscovite OH group band at 3620 cm^?1 allows a calibration plot to be constructed for the determination of 1–90% muscovite.     

Study of the effect of hydrogen bonding on the phase behaviour of p-nitro azobenzene derivatives with hydrophilic tails

The infrared spectra of N-n-(4-nitrophenyl)azophenyloxyalkyldiethanolamines (Cn) are examined in the range of 4000-400cm-1 at different temperatures and the assignment of the fundamental vibrations given. Based on (1) the localization of the broad absorption band at 3456cm-1, and (2) attribution of the associated OH bands centred at 1410-1390, 1100, and 650-634cm-1 to, respectively deltaOH deformation, nuC-O stretching and gammaOH out-of-plane bending, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between OH groups in the crystalline, liquid crystalline and isotropic states is proposed. By considering the results of FTIR, WAXD and DSC measurements, the molecular arrangment of C10 in its smectic A phase as consisting of hydrogen bonding and strong interaction between dipolar groups (NO2) is proposed. This may explain the high stability and high orientational ordering property of Cn compounds in the liquid crystalline state compared with that of n-bromo-1-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)azophenyl] oxyalkanes (Bn).