PP/PA66原位复合材料的增强和增韧效应

用挤出 拉伸 注塑法制得了增强又增韧的PP PA66原位复合材料 ,以未经拉伸的普通共混材料作对照 ,研究了PA66质量含量 (cd)对材料相形态和力学性能的影响及其作用机制 .结果表明 ,当cd 由 0 %增至2 0 %时 ,原位形成的PA66纤维数量增多 ,纤维直径及其分散性以cd =1 5 %为界先减小后增大 ,残留的PA66粒子数也增多 ;纤维数量的增多和纤维网络的发展导致材料冲击强度持续增高 ;纤维及粒子对基体的增刚作用使材料杨氏模量增高趋于极限值 ;受分散相对基体增强效应和两相弱粘结界面缺陷效应的综合影响 ,材料的拉伸强度以cd =1 5 %为界先增高后降低     

ABS的MAH/St多单体熔融接枝及其对PA6/ABS共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响

通过多单体熔融接枝的方法制备出了具有较高接枝率的ABS接枝物 (ABS g (MAH co St) ) ,并对其接枝机理进行了初步探讨 .研究表明 ,MAH、St接枝ABS时 ,反应主要发生在ABS中聚丁二烯的双键部位 .同时 ,当MAH与St的用量比约为 1:1时接枝率达到最高 .ABS g (MAH co St)作为尼龙 6 (PA6 ) ABS共混体系相容剂起到了良好的增容效果 .实验证明 ,相容剂使用前后 ,共混物的相区尺寸由几十 μm减小到 1μm以下 ,且分布更加均匀 ;共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能也同时得到均衡改善 .     

多单体接枝聚丙烯对PBT/PP共混体系的形态结构及力学性能影响研究

研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 (GMA)和苯乙烯 (St)多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯 (PP g (GMA co St) )对聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯 (PBT) 聚丙烯 (PP)共混物的形态结构和力学性能的影响 .利用双螺杆挤出机对PBT PP合金进行共混挤出 ,使用DSC、FT IR和SEM、TEM等手段对共混物进行了分析和相形态观察 ,并测试了力学性能 .实验证明 ,熔融共混过程中PP g (GMA co St)的环氧基团可以与PBT的端羧基发生化学反应 ,就地生成了PBT g PP共聚物 ,该共聚物可对PBT PP合金起到良好的增容剂作用 ,使共混物的相区尺寸显著减小 ,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能同时得到明显改善 ,达到了弹性体系或小分子增容所难以达到的力学性能平衡的效果 .此外 ,TEM的研究还在PBT PP g (GMA co St)共混物中发现了特殊的微相分离结构     

PP/EPDM/CaCO3三元复合材料的相结构及力学性能研究

采用以化学键合方式在CaCO3表面包覆上聚丙烯蜡和将改性后的CaCO3先与EPDM复合、再与PP复合的工艺,制备PP/EPDM/CaCO3三元复合材料,以期在PP基体材料中得到EPDM包裹CaCO3的相结构.通过测量三元复合体系中各组分的表面张力,计算各可能组分对之间的界面张力和黏结功,分析三元复合体系中可能的相结构.热力学计算结果表明,三元复合体系中既存在以EPDM为壳、CaCO3为核的"核壳结构",又存在CaCO3与EPDM各自独立分散在PP基体中的结构.电镜照片进一步揭示,在PP/EPDM/改性CaCO3三元复合体系与PP/EPDM/未改性CaCO3三元复合体系中,这两种相结构的比例是不同的,在前者中以核壳结构为主.CaCO3表面性质的不同是产生这一差别的原因.由于这一结构差别的存在,PP/EPDM/改性CaCO3三元复合体系比PP/EPDM/未改性CaCO3三元复合体系具有更好的力学性能.当EPDM用量为8 phr、改性CaCO3用量为15 phr时,三元复合体系的冲击强度达14.25 kJ/m2,是纯PP的3.17倍.     

磨盘碾磨制备PA6/PP/SBS共混物的结构与性能

采用磨盘形力化学反应器,在室温下制备了PA6/PP超细混合粉体,与SBS共混制得PA6/PP/SBS共混物,测定了材料的力学性能并用TEM研究了材料在不同加工温度下相结构的变化.结果表明,通过固相力化学粉碎制备的PA6/PP混合微粉,改善了PA6与PP和SBS的相容性,促进了PA6及PP的分散和与SBS的相界面结合.在微粉填充量为4%～8%(质量分数)时,材料的拉伸强度大幅度提高,扯断伸长率保持不变.加工温度变化引起材料相结构的变化对材料性能产生显著影响.在PP熔融温度下加工,PP粒子产生粘连形成链状结构,可提高材料的力学性能.     

HDPE/PA6反应增容体系的形态演化与黏弹行为

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与先进流变扩展系统(ARES),研究了马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH)对高密度聚乙烯/尼龙6(HDPE/PA6)共混体系形态结构和黏弹行为的影响.发现HDPE-g-MAH的加入可原位生成尼龙6-高密度聚乙烯接枝共聚物(HDPE-g-PA6),使基体与分散相间的相容性显著改善,且随其添加量的增加两者相容性更好,导致HDPE/PA6体系形态结构变化.研究结果表明,由ARES获得的体系黏弹行为参数随HDPE-g-MAH含量的变化可与由SEM所观察到的微观形貌演化很好关联,动态流变学方法可敏感表征增容剂的加入所引起的HDPE/PA6界面性质变化,且能够反映分子链间相互作用的变化及由此导致的分散相颗粒网络的形成.     

尼龙6/高岭土界面相互作用对其复合材料力学性能和流变行为的影响

<正> 无机填料填充复合材料的性能,除了依赖于聚合物基体和填料固有的内在性质外,很大程度上依赖于它们之间的界面性质。因此,研究聚合物/填料界面相互作用,对合理地设计具有优良性能的复合材料具有十分重要的意义。 目前,还很难对粉末填料与聚合物基体之间界面相互作用进行定量的研究,而且关于这方面的报道也较少。本文利用接触角法测定了高岭土填料和尼龙6基体的表面自由能、界面张力、粘附功等热力学参数,对高岭土与尼龙6之间界面相互作用与复合材料力学性能、流变行为的关系进行了分析和探讨。     

尼龙6/多单体接枝聚丙烯共混物的形态结构及力学性能的研究

用多组分熔融接枝的方法将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（ Ｇ Ｍ Ａ） 和苯乙烯（ Ｓｔ） 共同接枝于聚丙烯（ Ｐ Ｐ） 上,制得多单体接枝聚丙烯 Ｐ Ｐ ｇ （ Ｇ Ｍ Ａ ｃｏ Ｓｔ） ．该接枝物具有高的 Ｇ Ｍ Ａ 接枝率．本研究利用 Ｆ Ｔ Ｉ Ｒ、 Ｓ Ｅ Ｍ、 Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ、 Ｄ Ｓ Ｃ 和力学性能测试等分析方法,研究了多组分熔融接枝聚丙烯（ Ｐ Ｐ ｇ （ Ｇ Ｍ Ａ ｃｏ Ｓｔ）） 对尼龙６／ Ｐ Ｐ 共混物的形态结构, Ｔｇ 和力学性能的影响．结果表明, Ｐ Ｐ ｇ （ Ｇ Ｍ Ａ ｃｏ Ｓｔ） 中的环氧基团与尼龙６（ Ｐ Ａ６） 末端的胺基发生化学反应,原位形成的 Ｐ Ｐ Ｐ Ａ６ 共聚物能有效的改善 Ｐ Ａ６ 与 Ｐ Ｐ 的相容性,可以使 Ｐ Ｐ 均匀的分散在 Ｐ Ａ６ 基体中,相区尺寸明显减小,提高了拉伸强度．由于两相的相容性较好,从而共混物的 Ｔｇ 有明显的变化．此外,通过透射电镜观察,发现 Ｐ Ａ６／ Ｐ Ｐ ｇ （ Ｇ Ｍ Ａ ｃｏ Ｓｔ）（７０／３０） 合金中存在着特殊的微相分离结构．     

牵伸作用对尼龙6纤维晶型结构及力学性能的影响

利用广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、声速取向测量仪、扫描电镜(SEM)以及纱线强伸度仪研究了不同牵伸倍数尼龙6复丝的晶型结构、熔融行为、取向度、表面形貌以及力学性能.结果表明,随着牵伸倍数的增加,伴随着γ晶型片晶的生长以及非晶区链段重排诱导α晶型的生成,尼龙6复丝的结晶度不断的提高,在牵伸倍数达到3倍时,样品中出现了α晶型的特征衍射峰,导致了其熔融温度的提高以及多重熔融峰的出现.同时,牵伸作用也增加了分子链沿纤维轴向的取向程度,消除了纤维表面的残余应力,改善了纤维的表面缺陷.在这些因素的共同作用下,尼龙6复丝的力学性能得到了一定程度的提高,当牵伸倍数为3倍时,拉伸强度与拉伸模量分别达到了5.0 c N/dtex和28.9 c N/dtex,与较低牵伸倍数相比较均有所提高.     

PP-g-(GMA-co-St)对PA6/PC共混物的反应增容作用

用红外、扫描电镜、熔体流动速率和力学性能等测试方法,研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和苯乙烯(St)多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(GMA-co-St)]对PA6/PC共混物的反应增容作用.研究结果表明,在熔融共混过程中,PP-g-(GMA-co-St)中的环氧基与PA6的端氨基及PC的端羟基原位生成的接枝共聚物有效地降低了共混物相间的界面张力,明显提高了共混物相界面的粘着力.少量的PP-g-(GMA-co-St)就能使PA6和PC的相容性得到显著改善.当PP-g-(GMA-co-St)的质量分数为10%时,共混物分散相的相区尺寸细化到0.2μm,其力学性能也有较大提高.PA6/PC/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)共混物的力学性能均衡,达到了弹性体增韧体系难以达到的效果.即使PP-g-(GMA-co-St)组分含量为20%时,共混物仍能保持较好的力学性能,特别是在共混物的韧性得以提高的同时,其强度和伸长率也提高.     

离聚物Surlyn对PBT/PP共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响

用力学性能测试、ＤＭＡ、ＳＥＭ等方法研究了离聚物Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ对ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明，在ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系中引入少量Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ可以改善界面的粘接性，从而改善其力学性能。当共混体系中ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ的组份比不变（９０／１０）且Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量为６ｐｈｒ左右时，共混物的冲击强度出现极大值；而弯曲强度在Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ含量为１－２ｐｈｒ左右时有最大值。当共混体系中Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量不变（６ｐｈｒ）时，其力学性能随ＰＰ含量的增加而下降。用玻璃纤维增强共混体系，可显著提高力学性能。     

尼龙6/多单体接枝聚丙烯合金中的微相分离结构

近年来,有关高聚物微相分离结构的研究不断深入,发现了许多新的微相分离形态.但这些研究几乎全部集中在嵌段或接枝共聚物上,即共聚物本身具有的链结构导致了微相分离结构.     

Influence of SEBS-g-MA on morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of PA6/PP/organoclay nanocomposites

Polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP = 70/30 parts) blends containing 4 phr (parts per hundred resin) of organically modified clay (organoclay) toughened with maleated styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS-g-MA) were prepared by melt compounding using co-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the structure of the nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were determined by tensile, flexural, and notched Izod impact tests. The single edge notch three point bending test was used to evaluate the fracture toughness of SEBS-g-MA toughened PA6/PP nanocomposites. Thermal properties were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD and TEM results indicated the formation of the exfoliated structure for the PA6/PP/organoclay nanocomposites with and without SEBS-g-MA. With the exception of stiffness and strength, the addition of SEBS-g-MA into the PA6/PP/organoclay nanocomposites increased ductility, impact strength and fracture toughness. The elongation at break and fracture toughness of PA6/PP blends and nanocomposites were increased with increasing the testing speed, whereas tensile strength was decreased. The increase in ductility and fracture toughness at high testing speed could be attributed to the thermal blunting mechanism in front of crack tip. DSC results revealed that the presence of SEBS-g-MA had negligible effect on the melting and crystallization behavior of the PA6/PP/organoclay nanocomposites. TGA results showed that the incorporation of SEBS-g-MA increased the thermal stability of the nanocomposite.     

Synthesis of PP-g-PIP and Properties of PP/PP-g-PIP Binary Blends

The polypropylene-graft-polyisoprene(PP-g-PIP) copolymers with different side chain length were synthesized by the combination of solid phase graft and anionic polymerization. The copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum(~1H-NMR), gel permeation chromatography(GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Five PP/PP-g-PIP blends with PP-g-PIP as a flexibilizer to toughen PP were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA), DSC, wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD). Their morphologies, glass transition temperatures, crystallinity and mechanical properties were investigated. All the results pointed out that the covalent bonding of PP and PIP increased the compatibility and interfacial adhesion, which led to PIP well dispersed in the system and small size PIP particles in the binary blends. In addition, the toughness of PP was improved while its tensile strength slightly decreased.     

Water Sorption in Polyamide 6/Poly(Amino-ether) Blends. II. Mechanical Behavior

Polyamide 6 (PA)/poly(amino-ether of bisphenol A) (Blox) blends were placed in water for different times in an attempt to both find out whether the positive effects of Blox on the mechanical properties of PA are maintained in wet conditions, and to study the effects of solvent sorption on the mechanical properties of polymer blends.

After one week's sorption, the positive effects of the presence of Blox on the mechanical properties of PA were much larger than the composition would indicate, as 20% Blox led to a 100% increase in the modulus of elasticity with respect to that of the wet PA. After sorption for six weeks, the positive effects had decreased, attributed to a decrease in the interactions between PA and Blox, which was a consequence of the high miscibilized water content. The sorption/desorption process appeared to be only partially reversible as significant water contents remained in the blends even after very long desorption times and cracking was observed in blends very rich in Blox.     

PA6/HIPS/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)反应共混体系的研究

通过扫描电镜、热分析、熔体流动速率、熔融扭矩和力学性能等测试方法研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和苯乙烯(St)多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(GMA-co-St)]对PA6/HIPS共混物的熔融流变性能、结晶行为、相形态和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在熔融共混过程中,PP-g-(GMA-co-St)中的环氧基与PA6的端氨基原位生成的接枝共聚物有效地降低了共混物的界面张力,提高了共混物的界面粘着力,使共聚物的流动速率降低,熔融扭矩提高;PA6分子链的规整性降低,结晶完善性变差.在PP-g-(GMA-co-St)的质量分数为10%时,共混物分散相的尺寸明显减少,力学性能得到较大提高;其中冲击强度超过纯PA6,达到HIPS水平.通过反应共混,制备了力学性能均衡的PA6/HIPS/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)共混物合金.     

尼龙6/有机锂皂石纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对锂皂石进行有机改性,制备有机改性锂皂石(Hectorite),并通过熔融共混的方法制备了高性能、低吸水率的尼龙6(PA6)/有机化锂皂石纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)对改性前后的锂皂石进行了分析,结果表明有机改性后的锂皂石结构变疏松,层间距变大,其层间距由改性前的1.33 nm增加到1.76 nm,元素分析和热重分析计算锂皂石有机物的接枝量分别为0.78和0.73 mequiv/g,接枝效率分别为71.04%和66.62%,两种分析结果基本一致.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、力学性能测试研究了有机化锂皂石的用量对复合材料结晶性能、锂皂石在基体中分散性及力学性能的影响,结果表明锂皂石在PA6中没有起到成核剂的作用,复合材料的结晶度随有机锂皂石用量的增大而逐渐减小,且当锂皂石的含量为5 phr时,锂皂石主要以剥离形式分散在基体中,此时复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达最大值,分别为81.6 MPa和122.1 MPa,较纯PA6分别增加了25.54%和23.50%,此外,锂皂石明显降低了PA6的吸水率.     

PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

为了增加聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯(PA1010/PP)共混物的相容性,提高共混物的力学性能,采用一种新型的反应型增容剂乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)进行增容,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,随着PTW的加入,共混物的相区尺寸明显变小,当PA1010/PP/PTW质量比为70∶30∶7时,分散相尺寸细小而均匀,表明PTW有较好的增容作用.FTIR结果表明,PTW上的环氧基团和PA1010在熔融共混中发生了化学反应.DSC研究结果表明,PA1010的结晶温度随PTW的加入而降低,说明PTW对PA1010结晶有抑制作用.另外,PTW的加入使PP的结晶温度下降,当PTW质量分数为5%时出现2个结晶峰,即出现异相成核结晶和均相成核结晶,PP均相成核结晶的出现从另一个方面说明,在PA1010基体中分散相PP尺寸非常细小.当PTW质量分数为7%时共混物的力学性能最佳,干态冲击强度达到13.93kJ/m2,是未加增容剂时的2倍,拉伸和弯曲性能基本不变.PTW的增容机理在于其分子链中的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能与PA1010发生化学反应,而乙烯链段与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

Effects of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the morphology and viscoelastic properties of polyamide 6/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends

The morphology of polyamide 6/poly(butylene terephthalate)(PA6/PBT, 70/30, W/W) blends filled with pristine Zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles and ZnO surface-modified by γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane(K-ZnO) was investigated. The incorporation of ZnO and K-ZnO by one-step compounding both resulted in a smaller size and narrower distribution of PBT domains and the effect of ZnO was greater than K-ZnO. To reveal the underlying mechanism, two-step compounding in which ZnO or K-ZnO was premixed with PA6 or PBT was conducted and the finest morphology was achieved when mixing PA6 with premixed PBT/ZnO. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) demonstrated that ZnO was distributed in PBT in all cases and K-ZnO was enriched at the interface except when K-ZnO was premixed with PBT. ZnO and K-ZnO caused a deterioration in the melt rheological properties of PBT, which played a dominating role in the morphological changes. In addition, the interfacial localization of K-ZnO enhanced the dynamic rheological properties of PA6/PBT blends substantially.     

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Nylon 6/PBT Blends Compatibilized with Styrene/Maleic Anhydride Copolymer

The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of blends composed of Nylon 6 and poly(butylenes terephthalate)(PBT),with styrene/maleic anhydride(SMA)as compatibilizer,were studied.The observation on the morphologies of the etched surfaces of the cryogenically fractured specimens via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)demonstrated that in the compatibilized Nylon 6/PBT blends,there exists a finer and more uniform dispersion induced by the in-situ interfacial chemical reactions during the preparation than that in the corresponding uncompatibilized blends.On the other hand,the overall mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends could be remarkably improved compared with those of the uncompatibilized ones.Moreover,increasing the amount of the compatibilizer SMA leads to a more efficient dispersion of the PBT phase in Nylon 6/PBT blends.Furthermore,there exists an optimum level of SMA added to achieve the maximum mechanical properties.As far as the mechanism of this reactive compatibilization is concerned,the enhanced interfacial adhesion is necessary to obtain improved dispersion,stable phase morphology,and better mechanical properties.