Semilinear elliptic problems near resonance with a nonprincipal eigenvalue

We consider the Dirichlet problem for the equation −Δu=λu±f(x,u)+h(x) in a bounded domain, where f has a sublinear growth and h∈L². We find suitable conditions on f and h in order to have at least two solutions for λ near to an eigenvalue of −Δ. A typical example to which our results apply is when f(x,u) behaves at infinity like a(x)|u|^q−2u, with M>a(x)>δ>0, and 1<q<2.     

On the principal eigenvalue of some nonlocal diffusion problems

In this paper we analyze some properties of the principal eigenvalue λ₁(Ω) of the nonlocal Dirichlet problem (J∗u)(x)−u(x)=−λu(x) in Ω with u(x)=0 in RN?Ω. Here Ω is a smooth bounded domain of RN and the kernel J is assumed to be a C¹ compactly supported, even, nonnegative function with unit integral. Among other properties, we show that λ₁(Ω) is continuous (or even differentiable) with respect to continuous (differentiable) perturbations of the domain Ω. We also provide an explicit formula for the derivative. Finally, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the decreasing function Λ(γ)=λ₁(γΩ) when the dilatation parameter γ>0 tends to zero or to infinity.     

Existence and multiplicity of positive solutions of semilinear elliptic equations in unbounded domains

We investigate the existence and the multiplicity of positive solutions for the semilinear elliptic equation −Δu+u=Q(x)|u|^p−2u in exterior domain which is very close to RN. The potential Q(x) tends to positive constant at infinity and may change sign.     

Multiple positive solutions to a singular boundary value problem for a superlinear Emden-Fowler equation

A multiplicity result for the singular ordinary differential equation y^″+λx⁻²yσ=0, posed in the interval (0,1), with the boundary conditions y(0)=0 and y(1)=γ, where σ>1, λ>0 and γ?0 are real parameters, is presented. Using a logarithmic transformation and an integral equation method, we show that there exists Σ^?∈(0,σ/2] such that a solution to the above problem is possible if and only if λγσ−1?Σ^?. For 0<λγσ−1<Σ^?, there are multiple positive solutions, while if γ=(λ⁻¹Σ^?)^1/(σ−1) the problem has a unique positive solution which is monotonic increasing. The asymptotic behavior of y(x) as x→⁰⁺ is also given, which allows us to establish the absence of positive solution to the singular Dirichlet elliptic problem −Δu=d⁻²(x)uσ in Ω, where Ω⊂RN, N?2, is a smooth bounded domain and d(x)=dist(x,∂Ω).     

On a nonlinear eigenvalue problem in ODE

In this paper we shall study the following variant of the logistic equation with diffusion:

−du^″(x)=g(x)u(x)−u²(x)     

Some blow-up problems for a semilinear parabolic equation with a potential

The blow-up rate estimate for the solution to a semilinear parabolic equation ut=Δu+V(x)|u|^p−1u in Ω×(0,T) with 0-Dirichlet boundary condition is obtained. As an application, it is shown that the asymptotic behavior of blow-up time and blow-up set of the problem with nonnegative initial data u(x,0)=Mφ(x) as M goes to infinity, which have been found in [C. Cortazar, M. Elgueta, J.D. Rossi, The blow-up problem for a semilinear parabolic equation with a potential, preprint, arXiv: math.AP/0607055, July 2006], is improved under some reasonable and weaker conditions compared with [C. Cortazar, M. Elgueta, J.D. Rossi, The blow-up problem for a semilinear parabolic equation with a potential, preprint, arXiv: math.AP/0607055, July 2006].     

Complete quenching for singular parabolic problems

We prove finite time extinction of the solution of the equation ut−Δu+χ{u>0}(u−β−λf(u))=0 in Ω×(0,∞) with boundary data u(x,t)=0 on ∂Ω×(0,∞) and initial condition u(x,0)=u₀(x) in Ω, where Ω⊂RN is a bounded smooth domain, 0<β<1 and λ>0 is a parameter. For every small enough λ>0 there exists a time t₀>0 such that the solution is identically equal to zero.     

Existence and asymptotic behavior for elliptic equations with singular anisotropic potentials

We study the equation Δu+u|u|^p−1+V(x)u+f(x)=0 in Rn, where n?3 and p>n/(n−2). The forcing term f and the potential V can be singular at zero, change sign and decay polynomially at infinity. We can consider anisotropic potentials of form h(x)|x|⁻² where h is not purely angular. We obtain solutions u which blow up at the origin and do not belong to any Lebesgue space Lr. Also, u is positive and radial, in case f and V are. Asymptotic stability properties of solutions, their behavior near the singularity, and decay are addressed.     

Remarks on large solutions of a class of semilinear elliptic equations

In this paper, we show existence, uniqueness and exact asymptotic behavior of solutions near the boundary to a class of semilinear elliptic equations −Δu=λg(u)−b(x)f(u) in Ω, where λ is a real number, b(x)>0 in Ω and vanishes on ∂Ω. The special feature is to consider g(u) and f(u) to be regularly varying at infinity and b(x) is vanishing on the boundary with a more general rate function. The vanishing rate of b(x) determines the exact blow-up rate of the large solutions. And the exact blow-up rate allows us to obtain the uniqueness result.     

Convergence of ground state solutions for nonlinear Schrdinger equations on graphs

We consider the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation-?u +(λa(x) + 1)u = |u|~(p-1) u on a locally finite graph G =(V, E). We prove via the Nehari method that if a(x) satisfies certain assumptions, for any λ 1, the equation admits a ground state solution uλ. Moreover, as λ→∞, the solution uλconverges to a solution of the Dirichlet problem-?u + u = |u|~(p-1) u which is defined on the potential well ?. We also provide a numerical experiment which solves the equation on a finite graph to illustrate our results.     

On the low regularity of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation with a dissipative term

We consider a dissipative version of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation ut+uxxx−uxx+x(u³)=0. We prove global well-posedness results on the associated Cauchy problem in the Sobolev spaces Hs(R) for s>−1/4 while for s<−1/2 we prove some ill-posedness issues.     

Which generalized Randi? indices are suitable measures of molecular branching?

Molecular branching is a very important notion, because it influences many physicochemical properties of chemical compounds. However, there is no consensus on how to measure branching. Nevertheless two requirements seem to be obvious: star is the most branched graph and path is the least branched graph. Every measure of branching should have these two graphs as extremal graphs. In this paper we restrict our attention to chemical trees (i.e. simple connected graphs with maximal degree at most 4), hence we have only one requirement that the path be an extremal graph. Here, we show that the generalized Randi? index R_p(G)=∑_uv∈E(G)(d_ud_v)^p is a suitable measure for branching if and only if p∈[λ,0)∪(0,λ^′) where λ is the solution of the equation in the interval (−0.793,−0.792) and λ^′ is the positive solution of the equation 3⋅3^x−2⋅2^x−4^x=0. These results include the solution of the problem proposed by Clark and Gutman.     

Labeling bipartite permutation graphs with a condition at distance two

An L(p,q)-labeling of a graph G is an assignment f from vertices of G to the set of non-negative integers {0,1,…,λ} such that |f(u)−f(v)|≥p if u and v are adjacent, and |f(u)−f(v)|≥q if u and v are at distance 2 apart. The minimum value of λ for which G has L(p,q)-labeling is denoted by λ_p,q(G). The L(p,q)-labeling problem is related to the channel assignment problem for wireless networks.In this paper, we present a polynomial time algorithm for computing L(p,q)-labeling of a bipartite permutation graph G such that the largest label is at most (2p−1)+q(bc(G)−2), where bc(G) is the biclique number of G. Since λ_p,q(G)≥p+q(bc(G)−2) for any bipartite graph G, the upper bound is at most p−1 far from optimal.     

Unique continuation for nonnegative solutions of Schrödinger type inequalities

We prove a sharp unique continuation theorem for nonnegative H2,1 solutions of the differential inequality |Δu(x)|?C⁻²|x−x₀||u(x)| which vanish of finite order at x₀.     

MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR SCHR(O)DINGER EQUATIONS WITH MAGNETIC FIELD

The authors consider the semilinear SchrSdinger equation
-△Au＋Vλ（x）u= Q（x）｜u｜γ-2u in R^N,
where 1 〈 γ 〈 2＊ and γ≠ 2, Vλ= V^＋ -λV^-. Exploiting the relation between the Nehari manifold and fibrering maps, the existence of nontrivial solutions for the problem is discussed.     

Study of weak solutions for parabolic equations with nonstandard growth conditions

The authors of this paper study the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions of the initial and boundary value problem for ut=div((uσ+d₀)|∇u|^p(x,t)−2∇u)+f(x,t). Localization property of weak solutions is also discussed.     

Nonlinear dissipative wave equations with space-time dependent potential

We study the long time behavior of solutions for damped wave equations with absorption. These equations are generally accepted as models of wave propagation in heterogeneous media with space-time dependent friction a(t,x)u_t and nonlinear absorption |u|^p−1u (Ikawa (2000) [17]). We consider 1<p<(n+2)/(n−2) and separable a(t,x)=λ(x)η(t) with λ(x)∼(1+|x|)^−α and η(t)∼(1+t)^−β satisfying conditions (A1) or (A2) which are given. The main results are precise decay estimates for the energy, L² and L^p+1 norms of solutions. We also observe the following behavior: if α∈[0,1), β∈(−1,1) and 0<α+β<1, there are three different regions for the decay of solutions depending on p; if α∈(−∞,0) and β∈(−1,1), there are only two different regions for the decay of the solutions depending on p.     

Exact multiplicity results for a class of two-point boundary value problems

This paper is concerned with the exact number of positive solutions for boundary value problems ^′(|y^′|^p−2y^′)+λf(y)=0 and y(−1)=y(1)=0, where p>1 and λ>0 is a positive parameter. We consider the case in which the nonlinearity f is positive on (0,∞) and (p−1)f(u)−uf^′(u) changes sign from negative to positive.     

One-point pseudospectral collocation for the one-dimensional Bratu equation

The one-dimensional planar Bratu problem is u_xx + λ exp(u) = 0 subject to u(±1) = 0. Because there is an analytical solution, this problem has been widely used to test numerical and perturbative schemes. We show that over the entire lower branch, and most of the upper branch, the solution is well approximated by a parabola, u(x) ≈ u₀ (1 − x²) where u₀ is determined by collocation at a single point x = ξ. The collocation equation can be solved explicitly in terms of the Lambert W-function as u(0) ≈ −W(−λ(1 − ξ²)/2)/(1 − ξ²) where both real-valued branches of the W-function yield good approximations to the two branches of the Bratu function. We carefully analyze the consequences of the choice of ξ. We also analyze the rate of convergence of a series of even Chebyshev polynomials which extends the one-point approximation to arbitrary accuracy. The Bratu function is so smooth that it is actually poor for comparing methods because even a bad, inefficient algorithm is successful. It is, however, a solution so smooth that a numerical scheme (the collocation or pseudospectral method) yields an explicit, analytical approximation. We also fill some gaps in theory of the Bratu equation. We prove that the general solution can be written in terms of a single, parameter-free β(x) without knowledge of the explicit solution. The analytical solution can only be evaluated by solving a transcendental eigenrelation whose solution is not known explicitly. We give three overlapping perturbative approximations to the eigenrelation, allowing the analytical solution to be easily evaluated throughout the entire parameter space.     

Regularity of the extremal solution for some elliptic problems with singular nonlinearity and advection

In this note, we investigate the regularity of the extremal solution u^? for the semilinear elliptic equation −△u+c(x)⋅∇u=λf(u) on a bounded smooth domain of Rn with Dirichlet boundary condition. Here f is a positive nondecreasing convex function, exploding at a finite value a∈(0,∞). We show that the extremal solution is regular in the low-dimensional case. In particular, we prove that for the radial case, all extremal solutions are regular in dimension two.