A Novel Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol using Tryptophan-Functionalized Graphene

A novel tryptophan-functionalized graphene nanocomposite was employed for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol. The analyte electrochemical behavior on the surface of tryptophan-functionalized graphene was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Compared to conventional graphene, enhanced peak currents were obtained that were attributed to the large number of defects on tryptophan-functionalized graphene that accelerated electron transfer between the electrode and analytes. The peak potential difference between hydroquinone and catechol at the tryptophan-functionalized graphene modified glassy carbon electrode was 104 millivolt, which was sufficiently wide to simultaneously determine hydroquinone and catechol. This method was used for the analysis of tap water.     

Electrochemical Sensing Platform Based on Lotus Stem-derived Porous Carbon for the Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone,Catechol and Nitrite

A simple and highly selective electrochemical sensor based on carbonized lotus stem (CLS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and nitrite (NT) by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (AMP) methods. The CLS was characterized by the methods including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectrum, FT-IR spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method was used to evaluate the pore structure and surface area of CLS. The oxidation peaks for HQ (116.2 mV), CC (220.1 mV), and NT (818.9 mV) were well separated under optimized conditions, which improved their simultaneous determination. The CLS modified electrode showed a good linear range between 1.0×10 ⁻⁶ to 7.0×10 ⁻⁴ M for HQ, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.15 μM. For CC the linear relationship was 1.0×10 ⁻⁶ to 3.0×10 ⁻³ M with the detection limit of 0.11 μM. For NT the linear relationship was 5.0×10 ⁻⁷ to 4.0×10 ⁻³ M with the detection limit of 0.09 μM. The results indicated that the intrinsic structure of natural biomass can be expected to design porous carbon for electrochemical sensors.     

Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol at an Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode

A selective and very simple electrochemical method, based on anodization of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), was developed for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT). It was found that the activated GCE showed an excellent catalytic behavior and enhanced reversibility towards the oxidation of both HQ and CT. The redox responses from the mixture of HQ and CT were easily resolved at an activated GCE. The detection limits for HQ and CT were calculated to be 0.16 and 0.11 μM, respectively. The activated GCE was successfully examined for real sample analysis with tap water and it showed a stable and reliable recovery data.     

卡尔曼滤波紫外光度法同时测定邻、间、对苯二酚

研究了苯二酚三种分异构体水溶液的紫外吸收光谱，在ＰＨ３．６的缓冲溶液中，邻、间、对苯二酚的紫我吸收峰分别为２７５ｎｍ，２７３ｎｍ和２８８ｎｍ三者重叠严重。选取在２４０ｎｍ－２９０ｎｍ范围内，每隔１ｎｍ测量一次吸光值截５１个点，采用卡尔曼滤波进行处理，可以获得较满意的结果，对１０个不同比例组成 标准混合液进行测定，邻、间、对苯二酚三者的平均回收率分别为９７．４％，１０１、７％和９８．０％，标准偏差分     

Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol by Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry

The second order voltammetric technique of high resolution, Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry (DAPV), was applied for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) on bare spectroscopic graphite electrode. Well resolved anodic and cathodic peaks situated on both sides of the zero line were obtained, while the differential pulse voltammograms were overlapped. The linear concentration range for HQ and CC quantification by DAPV was extended up to 20 μmol L⁻¹ for both the isomers. The sensitivity of the determination was found to be 6.00 μA L μmol⁻¹ and 3.61 μA L μmol⁻¹, while the limit of detection reached was 0.2 μmol L⁻¹ and 0.5 μmol L⁻¹ for HQ and CC, respectively. No interference was observed from the commonly coexisting organic species such as resorcinol, phenol and p‐benzoquinone. The great resolution power of DAPV permitted obtaining excellent results without any electrode modification and any mathematical data processing.     

卡尔曼滤波紫外光度法同时测定邻、间、对苯二酚

研究了苯二酚三种同分异构体水溶液的紫外吸收光谱，在ｐＨ３．６的缓冲溶液中，邻、间、对苯二酚的紫外吸收峰分别为２７５ｎｍ、２７３ｎｍ和２８８ｎｍ，三者重叠严重。选取在２４０ｕｍ～２９０ｎｍ范围内，每隔１ｎｍ测量一次吸光值共５１个点，采用卡尔曼滤波进行处理。可以获得较满意的结果。对１０个不同比例组成的标准混合液进行测定，邻、间、对苯二酚三者的平均回收率分别为９７．４％，１０１．７％和９８．０％，标准偏差分别为１．７２％，３．８６％和２．０４％。对模拟试样中加入标准的回收率均在９６．０％～１０３．０％之间。     

金电极上苯二酚异构体的电化学性质及同时测定

采用循环伏安法研究了邻苯二酚(CAT)、间苯二酚（RE）和对苯二酚(HQ)在0.5 mol/L硫酸水溶液中的电化学行为,循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了CAT、RE 和HQ共存体系的伏安行为。 实验结果表明,在pH=0的硫酸水溶液中,扫描速率为10 mV/s,循环伏安法扫描电位在0～1.2 V（vs.Ag/Cl）时,分离效果明显。 本文采用差分脉冲伏安法,测定了CAT、RE和HQ的混合物,检出限依次为3.9×10-6、3.9×10-6和7.8×10-6 mol/L。 将该方法用于合成样品测定,其精密度和准确度均满足分析要求。     

聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

本文制备了聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安(CV)法和微分脉冲伏安(DPV)法研究了邻苯二酚(CC)和对苯二酚(HQ)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,相对于裸玻碳电极,HQ和CC在聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰电极上的氧化峰电流显著提高,氧化峰电位相差104.8mV,实现了CC和HQ的选择性测定。DPV法同时测定二酚时,HQ和CC分别在1.0×10-6~8.0×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R分别为0.998、0.997,检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.0×10-7、8.0×10-8mol/L。将该方法用于模拟水样分析,回收率为95.3%~103.5%。     

Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol at MWNTs and Cobalt(II) Tetrakisphenylporphyrin Modified Electrode

A multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and cobalt(II) tetrakisphenylporphyrin (Co(II)TPP) modified glassy carbon electrode (MWNTs/Co(II)TPP/GCE) has been prepared. It can be used for individual or simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). The anodic peaks of HQ and CC can be separated well. Owing to the unique properties of MWNTs and special synergistic effect of MWNTs and Co(II)TPP, the modified electrode exhibited a remarkable and stable current response for CC and HQ. The linear ranges for CC and HQ were 1.0–450.0 µmol L^?1 and 0.8–400.0 µmol L^?1 with detection limits of 0.8 µmol L^?1 and 0.5 µmol L^?1, respectively. Furthermore, Co(II)TPP, MWNTs, and Co(II)TPP/MWNTs composite were also used to construct modified electrodes and the electrochemical performances were studied.     

金纳米粒子-过氧化聚吡咯-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极同时测定对苯二酚和邻苯二酚

将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)滴涂于复合陶瓷碳电极(CCE)表面,采用电化学方法在碳纳米管表面逐层沉积过氧化聚吡咯(OPPy)和金纳米粒子(AuNPs),制得金纳米粒子-过氧化聚吡咯-多壁碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极(AuNPs-OPPy-MWCNTs/CCE).采用扫描电镜和电化学方法对修饰电极进行了表征.在0.10 mol/LPBS (pH 7.0)缓冲溶液中研究了对苯二酚(HQ)和邻苯二酚(CC)在修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,修饰电极对HQ和CC的电极过程具有良好的电化学响应和区分效应.基于此建立了一阶导数伏安法同时测定HQ和CC的方法,HQ和CC的线性范围均为2.0×10-7～ 1.0×10-4 mol/L,检出限分别为6.0×10-8 mol/L和8.0×10-8 mol/L(S/N=3).模拟水样中的加标回收率分别为96.2％～99.8％ (HQ)和96.0％～100.0％,表明本方法具有良好的实用性.     

Simultaneous Determination of Catechol and Hydroquinone on Nano-Co/L-Cysteine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

In this study, a novel and highly sensitive electrochemical method for simultaneous determination of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) was developed, which worked at GCE modified with Nano cobalt (Nano-Co) by electrodeposition and L-Cysteine by electrochemical polymerization. The Nano-Co/L-Cysteine GCE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), SEM and EIS. The excellent conditions have been selected including supporting electrolyte, pH, accumulation time and scan rate. The calibration curves of were obtained that the linear regression equation was I=0.0734c+6×10⁻⁶ in the range of 5.8 μM to 103 μM (R²=0.9942) for CC and the linear regression equation was I=0.0566c+5×10⁻⁶ in the range of 5.8 μM to 100 μM (R²=0.9967) for HQ. The obtained detection limits of CC and HQ both were 6×10⁻⁷ M. The modified electrode was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of CC and HQ in water samples.     

Rational Design of Highly Efficient One-pot Synthesis of Ternary PtNiCo/FTO Nanocatalyst for Hydroquinone and Catechol Sensing

In this work, we present a simple and efficient method for preparation of widely dispersed PtNiCo nanocatalyst on FTO without the use of any heavy complex structure. The proposed nanocatalyst enhances the chemical interaction of PtNiCo/FTO and increases its catalytic activity, which was used for electrochemical sensing of catechol and hydroquinone. The surface morphology was characterized by TEM, HRTEM, and XRD. The size of the PtNiCo/FTO octahedrons nanocatalyst was about 0.35–4 nm. Gradual increase of concentration exhibited linearity in oxidation peak response up to 1100 μM with a low detection limit of 0.79 μM for HQ and 1.05 μM for CC. The sensitivity is 1035 μAmM⁻¹ cm⁻² for catechol and 1197 μAmM⁻¹ cm⁻² for hydroquinone. The prepared nanomaterial/sensor applied to real water samples with good reproducibility (98–99 %).     

碳纳米管修饰电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)分散碳纳米管(CNTs),通过层层组装(LBL)聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDDA)和CNTs构筑PDDA/CNTs多层膜电极.利用紫外-可见光谱法对PDDA/CNTs多层膜的组装过程进行监测,用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了邻苯二酚和对苯二酚同时存在时PDDA/CNTs多层膜电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,碳纳米管修饰电极对邻苯二酚和对苯二酚有较好的电催化活性和电分离作用,邻苯二酚和对苯二酚无需经过分离即可同时被检出.在修饰电极上的线性范围如下:邻苯二酚为2.0×10-6~1.4×10-4mol/L,线性相关系数R=0.9991;对苯二酚为2.0×10-6~1.4×10-4mol/L,线性相关系数R=0.9987.     

聚谷氨酸修饰电极同时检测对苯二酚和邻苯二酚

以谷氨酸单体为初始试剂,利用电化学聚合方法制备得到聚谷氨酸修饰电极.考察了电化学聚合条件(电位、扫速及扫描圈数)对修饰电极的影响,运用电化学方法对所制备的修饰电极进行了表征.此修饰电极对对苯二酚和邻苯二酚的电化学氧化还原显示出很高的催化能力,显著降低了二者的氧化电位,改善了二者的电化学可逆性,同时增强了二者的氧化还原峰...     

Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

A simply and high selectively electrochemical method for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol has been developed at a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT). It was found that the oxidation peak separation of hydroquinone and catechol and the oxidation currents of hydroquinone and catechol greatly increase at MWNT modified electrode in 0.20 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5). The oxidation peaks of hydroquinone and catechol merge into a large peak of 302 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M NaCl) at bare glassy carbon electrode. The two corresponding well‐defined oxidation peaks of hydroquinone in the presence of catechol at MWNT modified electrode occur at 264 mV and 162 mV, respectively. Under the optimized condition, the oxidation peak current of hydroquinone is linear over a range from 1.0×10^?6 M to 1.0×10^?4 M hydroquinone in the presence of 1.0×10^?4 M catechol with the detection limit of 7.5×10^?7 M and the oxidation peak current of catechol is linear over a range from 6.0×10^?7 M to 1.0×10^?4 M catechol in the presence of 1.0×10^?4 M hydroquinone with the detection limit of 2.0×10^?7 M. The proposed method has been applied to simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol in a water sample with simplicity and high selectivity.     

Cysteamine Capped Silver Nanoparticles and Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Coated on Glassy Carbon Electrode for Simultaneous Analysis of Hydroquinone and Catechol

A stable complex of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped by cysteamine (Cst) together with single‐walled carbon nanotube (CNTs) was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT). The resulting electrode (AgCst‐CNTs/GCE) showed excellent electrocatalysis and reversibility towards this electroactive pair. The peak separations of their oxidation‐reduction peaks decreased significantly, compared with those of the unmodified GCE. The signal responses of the AgCst‐CNTs/GCE were 5‐fold higher while its peak potential separation remained unchanged (ca. 130 mV), compared to the CNTs‐modified GCE. The oxidation peak currents obtained for HQ and CT exhibited linearly from submicromolar to hundred micromolar concentrations without any cross‐interference. The modified electrode possessed a very large active surface area with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 10 and 40 nM for HQ and CT, respectively. The sensor was demonstrated for the analysis of river water and topical cream as evinced by high accuracy and reproducibility.     

聚L-半胱氨酸/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

将羧基化多壁碳纳米管分散在L-半胱氨酸溶液中并滴涂在玻碳电极表面.将上述电极在pH 6.9的B-R缓冲溶液中,于-1.0～2.5 V的电位范围内进行电聚合,制备了聚L-半胱氨酸/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极(Pol-L-Cys/MWCNTs/GCE).研究发现,邻苯二酚和对苯二酚在聚L-半胱氨酸/多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极上分别出现了一对氧化还原峰,且两者的氧化峰电位差达101 mV,提出了用微分脉冲伏安法同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的方法.氧化峰电流与邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的浓度在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol·L-1呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均达1.0×10-5mol·L-1.修饰电极用于模拟样品中邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的测定,回收率在82.0%～107.0%之间.     

金属有机框架衍生的多孔碳修饰电极同时检测邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

本文运用金属有机框架(MOFs)作为模板,在惰性气体下热处理,合成金属有机框架衍生多孔碳材料(Metal Organic Frameworks Derived Porous Carbon,MDPC)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分别对MDPC进行形貌和相纯度的表征。采用滴涂法将MDPC修饰在玻碳电极表面,运用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)、交流阻抗法(EIS)等电化学方法对该电极进行电化学表征,研究邻苯二酚(CC)和对苯二酚(HQ)在MDPC修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极对CC和HQ这两种异构体表现出优异的氧化还原电活性和区分效果。在最佳实验条件下,CC和HQ的浓度在0.5~80μmol/L的范围内与氧化峰电流呈现良好的线性关系。CC和HQ的检测限分别为0.031μmol/L和0.11μmol/L。该方法电流响应大、灵敏度高、检测限低,具有实际应用前景。     

An Electrochemical Sensor for L-Tryptophan Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film Produced by Copolymerization of o-Phenylenediamine and Hydroquinone

An electrochemical sensor for L-tryptophan based on a molecularly imprinted polymer was developed. The sensing film was prepared by the co-electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine and hydroquinone on a gold electrode in the presence of L-tryptophan as the template. The performance of the L-tryptophan sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and alternating current impedance. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the relative current change was linear to the concentration of L-tryptophan in the range of 1.0 × 10^?8 to 1.0 × 10^?6 mol/L and a detection limit of 0.50 × 10^?8 mol/L was obtained. The sensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity for L-tryptophan. The imprinting factor was 3.58 and selectivity factors of L-tryptophan compared to analogs were larger than 2. The sensor also demonstrated good resistance to acidic, basic, and organic environments.     

Selective Determination of Catechol in the Presence of Hydroquinone at Bare Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes via Peak‐Potential Separation and Redox Cycling by Hydrazine

The electrochemical, selective determination of catechol (CT) in the presence of hydroquinone (HQ) is not readily achieved, because the formal potentials of two phenolic compounds are very close. Here, we have developed a simple electrochemical method for the selective determination of CT by using bare indium tin oxide electrodes and employing CT redox cycling by hydrazine. The cyclic voltammetry of CT and HQ was investigated in Tris buffer (pH 9.0), phosphate buffered saline buffer (pH 7.4), and acetate buffer (pH 4.5). Especially in Tris buffer, the anodic peak potential of CT is much lower than that of HQ, resulting in a large difference between two peak potentials (ca. 0.4 V). The difference allows the selective determination of CT in the presence of excess HQ. The anodic current of CT is amplified using CT redox cycling by hydrazine, which also helps to stabilize CT and HQ in Tris buffer for several hours. The detection limits of CT in Tris buffer containing 0.1 mM HQ are 1 μM and 10 μM in the presence and absence of hydrazine, respectively.