Pressure shift of atomic resonance lines in liquid and solid helium

We show that for atoms trapped in a liquid He matrix the excitation and emission spectra can be quantitatively described by the bubble model which treats the matrix as an incompressible continuous medium. Comparison with experimental results shows that the model also holds for a solid matrix. The model is only valid in the case where the attractive He–He interaction dominates the attractive part of the foreign atom-helium interaction. Its failure in the case of implanted Na atoms is discussed.     

Exact results for the persistent current in an aharonov-bohm ring with a quantum impurity

We consider the problem of a persistent current in a one-dimensional mesoscopic ring with the electrons coupled by a spin exchange to a magnetic impurity. We show that this problem can be mapped onto an integrable model with a quadratic dispersion (with the latter property allowing for an unambiguous definition of the persistent current). We have solved the model exactly by a Bethe ansatz and found that the current is insensitive to the presence of the impurity. We conjecture that this result holds for any integrable quantum impurity model with an electronic dispersionε(k) that is an even function ofk.     

Comparison of lattice gauge theories with gauge groups Z2 and SU(2)

We study a model of a pure Yang Mills theory with gauge group SU(2) on a lattice in Euclidean space. We compare it with the model obtained by restricting variables to $\text{Z}$₂. An inequality relating expectation values of the Wilson loop integral in the two theories is established. It shows that confinement of static quarks is true in our SU(2) model whenever it holds for the corresponding $\text{Z}$₂-model. The SU(2) model is shown to have high and low temperature phases that are distinguished by a qualitatively different behavior of the 't Hooft disorder parameter.     

Regression-based model of skin diffuse reflectance for skin color analysis

A simple regression-based model of skin diffuse reflectance is developed based on reflectance samples calculated by Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in a two-layered skin model. This reflectance model includes the values of spectral reflectance in the visible spectra for Japanese women. The modified Lambert Beer law holds in the proposed model with a modified mean free path length in non-linear density space. The averaged RMS and maximum errors of the proposed model were 1.1 and 3.1%, respectively, in the above range.     

Anomalous Universality in the Anisotropic Ashkin–Teller Model

The Ashkin–Teller (AT) model is a generalization of Ising 2–d to a four states spin model; it can be written in the form of two Ising layers (in general with different couplings) interacting via a four–spin interaction. It was conjectured long ago (by Kadanoff and Wegner, Wu and Lin, Baxter and others) that AT has in general two critical points, and that universality holds, in the sense that the critical exponents are the same as in the Ising model, except when the couplings of the two Ising layers are equal (isotropic case). We obtain an explicit expression for the specific heat from which we prove this conjecture in the weakly interacting case and we locate precisely the critical points. We find the somewhat unexpected feature that, despite universality, holds for the specific heat, nevertheless nonuniversal critical indexes appear: for instance the distance between the critical points rescale with an anomalous exponent as we let the couplings of the two Ising layers coincide (isotropic limit); and so does the constant in front of the logarithm in the specific heat. Our result also explains how the crossover from universal to nonuniversal behaviour is realized.Partially supported by NSF Grant DMR 01–279–26     

Many-Polaron States in the Holstein–Hubbard Model

A variational approach is proposed to study some properties of the adiabatic Holstein–Hubbard model which describes an assembly of fermionic charges interacting with a static atomic lattice. The sum of the electronic energy and the lattice elastic energy is proved to have minima with a many-polaron structure in a certain domain of model parameters. Our analytical work consists in expanding these energy minima from the zero electronic transfer limit which remarkably holds for a finite amplitude of the onsite Hubbard repulsion and for an unbounded lattice size.     

New Discrete Model Boltzmann Equations for Arbitrary Partitions of the Velocity Space

Modified discrete Boltzmann equations for arbitrary partitions of the velocity space are established. The new equations can be derived from the continuous Boltzmann equation and are a generalization of previous discrete-velocity models. They preserve mass, momentum, and energy, and an H-theorem holds. The new model equations are tested by comparing their solutions with the analytical ones of the continuous Boltzmann equation for the Krook–Wu and the very hard particle models.     

由BaTiO3晶体结构相变时的介电特性研究其电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径

在不同频率和偏置电场下测量了BaTiO₃晶体从三方相到正交相再到四方相相变过程中的介电温谱.基于BaTiO₃晶体在电场作用下的偶极子偏转假设和介电特性实验结果,提出BaTiO₃各结构相在电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径可以由其相邻相的介电常数随温度的变化特性表现出来.推断出各结构相的偶极子偏转路径,以及偏置电场对偶极子偏转路径的影响. 关键词： 3晶体')" href="#">BaTiO₃晶体 介电特性 结构相变 偶极子偏转路径     

A k-space analysis of small-tip-angle excitation. 1989

We present here a method for analyzing selective excitation in terms of spatial frequency (k) space. Using this analysis we show how to design inherently refocused selective excitation pulses in one and two dimensions. The analysis is based on a small-tip model, but holds well for 90° tip angles.     

铁在范性形变过程中的低频内耗

在改装了的拉力试验机上测量了纯铁在范性形变过程中的内耗。研究了拉伸速率(在0.73×10^-6-50×10^-6/秒范围内)、测量频率(在0.3—3.6/秒范围内)、应变退火及含碳量等对纯铁范性形变过程中内耗的影响。所得结果表明,在屈服平台上,范性形变过程中内耗基本不变,且其值随范性形变速率的增加和测量频率倒数的增加而线性增加。将实验结果与范性形变过程内耗的位错动力学模型所得出的定量关系式进行了对比,得到了满意的符合。求得了退火纯铁在屈服平台上的位错动力学指数为10 关键词：     

A k-space analysis of small-tip-angle excitation

We present here a method for analyzing selective excitation in terms of spatial frequency (k) space. Using this analysis we show how to design inherently refocused selective excitation pulses in one and two dimensions. The analysis is based on a small-tip model, but holds well for 90° tip angles.     

Factorization at higher twist in hadron-hadron scattering

We study one-loop soft gluon effects in a scalar quark QCD model of the Drell-Yan process. We find that factorization of the type suggested by Politzer holds at order m²/s, but fails at order m⁴/s². We suggest that this pattern holds to higher orders, and that the non-factoring terms are not suppressed by form factors. We compute the non-factoring contributions, and give a classical interpretation of our results.     

The charge neutrality point in covalent semiconductor surfaces

The electronic surface density of states in the entire energy spectrum is studied for a covalent semiconductor. A one-dimensional model has been firstly analyzed. The results are generalized for the (111)-surface, and it is shown that when an abrupt potential is placed between ions, the only surface band should be half occupied, in agreement with Shockley. However, this no longer holds for a more general situation.     

斑纹噪声相乘模型的误差

本文用统计光学理论,推导出相干成象中斑纹噪声相乘模型的均方误差,并由此得出相乘模型成立的条件:只有当成象系统的相干分辨本领能够很好地分辨物体的空间细节时,相乘模型才成立。 关键词：     

Local critical behaviour at impurities in Ising-type systems

We study the critical behaviour of the hyperfine field h_H which is observed to depend on the probing atom and to differ from the bulk. A classical Ising-type model is used where the probing atom is assumed to change locally the pair interaction. The quantities determining h_H are expressed in terms of higher order correlation functions of the unperturbed problem. Using a result of Lebowitz for ferromagnetic pair interaction, it is shown that in the true critical temperature range h_H should show the same critical behaviour as in the bulk. This holds also in the presence of impurities and finite impurity concentration. Based on identities satisfied by the correlation functions obtained through a spin decoupling operation it is conjectured that the above result also holds for mixed and finite ranged interaction. An explanation of the experimental results for Ni is attempted.     

Regularity of traffic noise signals

The flexibility of the filtered renewal process compared with the filtered Poisson process as a model for traffic noise is demonstrated. This is done by proving that for the family of gamma distributed headways with coefficient of variation less than one the variance of the traffic noise signal never exceeds that of the corresponding filtered Poisson process. Furthermore it is proved that the inverse inequality holds for the family of completely monotone distributions, which includes all finite mixtures of exponential distributions. The theory is illustrated by some numerical calculations.     

Quantum decoherence reduction by increasing the thermal bath temperature

The well-known increase of the decoherence rate with the temperature, for a quantum system coupled to a linear thermal bath, no longer holds for a different bath dynamics. This is shown by means of a simple classical nonlinear bath, as well as a quantum spin-boson model. The anomalous effect is due to the temperature dependence of the bath spectral profile. In the case of the second model, a link with the quantum Zeno effect is provided. The decoherence reduction via the temperature increase can be relevant for the design of quantum computers.     

Pressure tuning of electron-phonon coupling: the insulator to metal transition in manganites

An extended temperature and pressure-dependent investigation is carried out on a La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 sample exploiting the infrared absorption technique coupled to a diamond anvil cell. The pressure dependence of the insulator to metal transition temperature T(IM) is determined for the first time up to 11.2 GPa. The T(IM)(P) curve we propose to model the present data has an exponential-like behavior with an associated characteristic pressure P* playing the role of a decay constant. It is found that the equivalence between an external and an internal (chemical) pressure holds over a limited range of pressure, namely, P< or =2P*. Moreover, a certain universality character is associated with the proposed model curve in its ability to account for a large class of low-disorder manganites characterized by intermediate electron-phonon coupling.     

Magnetoresistance and hall effect of diborides of IVA metals

The dependences of the magnetoresistance and Hall effect on the effective magnetic field at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature have been studied for diborides of the IVA metals. The concentrations and relative mobilities of the current carriers are calculated on the basis of a two-band model with n₁ = n₂ under the assumption that theory derived for metals holds for these compounds. The results are compared with those calculated on the basis of the one-band model.Translated from Izvestiya VUZ. Fizika, No. 12, pp. 69–74, December, 1969.     

Embedding Quantum Mechanics Into a Broader Noncontextual Theory: A Conciliatory Result

The extended semantic realism (ESR) model embodies the mathematical formalism of standard (Hilbert space) quantum mechanics in a noncontextual framework, reinterpreting quantum probabilities as conditional instead of absolute. We provide here an improved version of this model and show that it predicts that, whenever idealized measurements are performed, a modified Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (BCHSH) inequality holds if one takes into account all individual systems that are prepared, standard quantum predictions hold if one considers only the individual systems that are detected, and a standard BCHSH inequality holds at a microscopic (purely theoretical) level. These results admit an intuitive explanation in terms of an unconventional kind of unfair sampling and constitute a first example of the unified perspective that can be attained by adopting the ESR model.