H2O2氧化法制备Fe3O4纳米颗粒及与共沉淀法制备该样品的比较

在近中性条件下,利用H2O2氧化Fe(OH)2胶体成功制备了Fe3O4纳米颗粒.分别利用透射电镜(TEM),x射线衍射仪(XRD),振动样品磁强计(VSM)和超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)对样品的形貌,结构,宏观磁性进行了表征和测量.TEM图像表明样品为球形颗粒,直径大小约18nm,且分布较均匀.XRD结果表明样品为立方尖晶石结构.穆斯堡尔谱测量表明样品室温下对应两套六线谱,样品的晶体结构存在缺陷,内磁场略小于块体Fe3O4的值.宏观磁测量表明样品的饱和磁化强度可达67×10-3A·m2/g,在20 K出现了Verwey转变.选择该法制备的Fe3O4纳米颗粒与共沉淀法得到的样品作了磁性比较.宏观磁测量表明共沉淀法制备的样品在外磁场为1T时仍未饱和,磁化强度仅为46×10-3A·m2/g,在178K出现了超顺磁转变温度,且在测量温度范围内没有发现Verwey转变.     

钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)的磁性和电性研究北大核心CSCD

采用固相反应法制备双层钙钛矿La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)多晶样品,通过测量样品的磁化强度与温度变化曲线(M-T)、不同磁场下的磁化率乘温度与温度的变化曲线(χT-T)以及不同温度下磁化强度与外加磁场的变化曲线(M-H)对样品的磁性进行了研究.结果表明,样品的三维磁有序温度(T=350K)对应铁磁团簇的居里温度.FM-AFM转变温度(T=208K),出现了相分离,样品在低温部分出现了团簇玻璃行为.从磁化率随温度的变化图和磁化强度随温度的变化图中可以明显看出,在100K^TN(奈尔温度)之间,样品磁化率和磁化强度随温度降低而减小,因此FM减弱,AFM增强。在不同磁场下,TN以下(100K^TN)的χT值随温度的降低而减小,χT值在TN以上(208K^380K)随温度的降低而增加.通过对样品的电性分析发现,样品在0T与1T时的电阻率随温度的变化曲线(ρ-T),随温度的降低,无论是否施加外场,样品的电阻率都出现了一个峰值,这表明样品存在金属绝缘转变,不同的是施加外场后(1T),样品的电阻率降低.对该样品高温部分的ρ-T曲线进行拟合后发现,样品在高温部分的导电方式遵循热激活模型的导电方式.     

钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)的磁性和电性研究

采用固相反应法制备双层钙钛矿La_(1.3-x)Dy_xSr_(1.7)Mn_2O_7(x=0.025)多晶样品,通过测量样品的磁化强度与温度变化曲线(M-T)、不同磁场下的磁化率乘温度与温度的变化曲线(χT-T)以及不同温度下磁化强度与外加磁场的变化曲线(M-H)对样品的磁性进行了研究.结果表明,样品的三维磁有序温度(T=350K)对应铁磁团簇的居里温度.FM-AFM转变温度(T=208K),出现了相分离,样品在低温部分出现了团簇玻璃行为.从磁化率随温度的变化图和磁化强度随温度的变化图中可以明显看出,在100K~TN(奈尔温度)之间,样品磁化率和磁化强度随温度降低而减小,因此FM减弱,AFM增强。在不同磁场下,TN以下(100K~TN)的χT值随温度的降低而减小,χT值在TN以上(208K~380K)随温度的降低而增加.通过对样品的电性分析发现,样品在0T与1T时的电阻率随温度的变化曲线(ρ-T),随温度的降低,无论是否施加外场,样品的电阻率都出现了一个峰值,这表明样品存在金属绝缘转变,不同的是施加外场后(1T),样品的电阻率降低.对该样品高温部分的ρ-T曲线进行拟合后发现,样品在高温部分的导电方式遵循热激活模型的导电方式.     

用水热法合成掺杂Pr~(3+)的NiPr_xFe_(2-x)O_4纳米颗粒及其表征

采用水热法制备了掺杂Pr3+的NiPrx Fe2-x O4(x=0.0,0.01,0.025,0.05,0.075,0.1,0.15)纳米颗粒.实验结果表明制备的样品是立方体结构的纳米颗粒,当掺杂量为0x≤0.1时Pr3+能成功掺杂到NiFe2O4尖晶石晶格内,但掺杂量x0.1(x=0.15)时会出现杂峰.随着掺杂量从0增加到0.1,样品的平均晶粒尺寸从47nm减小到18nm,饱和磁化强度从55A·m2/kg单调减小至37A·m2/kg,矫顽力从4.7×103 A/m减小到3.4×103 A/m.饱和磁化强度减少的原因主要是由于室温下无磁性的Pr3+代替NiFe2O4中的Fe3+造成的.     

镍超细微颗粒的磁性

本文报道了镍超细微颗粒的磁性,比饱和磁化强度随颗粒尺寸减小而降低,当颗粒尺寸小于15nm时将会呈现剧烈地下降,此时矫顽力H_c亦将趋近于零,有效磁各向异性常数估算为K=-5.8×10⁵erg/cm³,远大于块状镍的数值,反磁化机制可用球键模型描述,对平均直径为9nm的样品,居里温度T_c值明显地低于块状镍的数值,这可能与点阵收缩有关。     

尖晶石铁氧体TixNi1-xFe2O4中阳离子分布和Ti离子磁矩的实验研究

采用固相反应法制备了系列样品Ti_xNi_1-xFe₂O₄ (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). 室温下的X射线衍射谱表明样品全部为(A)[B]₂O₄型单相立方尖晶石结构, 属于空间群Fd3m. 样品的晶格常数随Ti掺杂量的增加而增大. 样品在10 K温度下的比饱和磁化强度σ_S随着Ti掺杂量x的增加逐渐减小. 研究发现, 当Ti掺杂量x≥ 0.2时, 磁化强度σ随温度T的变化曲线出现两个转变温度T_L和T_N. 当温度低于T_N时, 磁化强度明显减小; 当温度达到T_N时, dσ/dT具有最大值. σ-T曲线的这些特征表明, 由于Ti掺杂在样品中出现了附加的反铁磁结构. 这说明样品中的Ti离子不是无磁性的+4价离子, 而是以+2和+3价态存在, 其离子磁矩的方向与Fe和Ni离子的磁矩方向相反. 利用本课题组提出的量子力学方势垒模型拟合样品在10 K温度下的磁矩, 得到了Ti, Fe和Ni三种阳离子在(A)位和[B]位的分布情况, 并发现在所有掺杂样品中, 80%的Ti离子以+2价态占据尖晶石结构的[B]位.     

H2O2氧化法制备Fe3O4纳米颗粒及与共沉淀法制备该样品的比较

在近中性条件下，利用H₂Ｏ₂氧化Fe(OH)2胶体成功制备了Fe₃ Ｏ₄纳米颗粒.分别利用透射电镜(TEM)，x射线衍射仪(XRD)，振动样品磁强计(VSM)和超导量子干涉仪（SQUI D）对样品的形貌，结构，宏观磁性进行了表征和测量.TEM图像表明样品为球形颗粒，直径 大小约18nm，且分布较均匀.XRD结果表明样品为立方尖晶石结构.穆斯堡尔谱测量表明样品 室温下对应两套六线谱，样品的晶体结构存在缺陷，内磁场略小于块体Fe₃Ｏ4的值. 宏观磁测量表明样品的饱和磁化强度可达67×10^-3A·m²/g，在20 K出现了Verw ey转变.选择该法制备的Fe₃Ｏ₄纳米颗粒与共沉淀法得到的样品作 了磁性比较.宏观磁 测量表明共沉淀法制备的样品在外磁场为1T时仍未饱和，磁化强度仅为46×10^-3A·m²/g，在178K出现了超顺磁转变温度，且在测量温度范围内没有发现Verwe y转变. 关键词： 亚铁磁 超顺磁 穆斯堡尔谱     

Ti1－xCoxO2铁磁性半导体薄膜研究

利用射频磁控反应溅射制备了Ti1-xCoxO2薄膜样品.超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)测量了样品在常温，低温下的磁特性.结果显示样品在常温下已经具有明显的铁磁性.常温时其矫顽力32×103A/m,饱和磁化强度55emu／cm3磁性元素的磁矩达0679μB／Co.饱和场12×104A/m.x射线衍射(XRD)和x射线光电子能谱(XPS)实验分析初步表明样品中没有钴颗粒. 关键词： 铁磁半导体 TiO2 薄膜     

古埃磁天平法研究ε-Fe_3N磁性液体的磁化率和饱和磁化强度

本文将古埃磁天平法测量ε-Fe_3N磁性液体的磁化率和饱和磁化强度增设为物理实验中的设计性、研究性实验项目,通过实验过程中直接感知梯度磁场中ε-Fe_3N磁性液体磁增重的变化,学生能深刻理解磁化率和饱和磁化强度的物理内涵,引领学生进行自主学习。低磁场强度83H_0332kA/m范围内,磁性液体以恒定的磁化率磁化;近饱和磁场强度H_0332kA/m范围内,磁性液体磁化达到饱和,饱和磁化强度Ms为常数。随载液质量增加,3种磁性液体的磁化率和饱和磁化强度逐渐减小。与振动样品磁强计相比,古埃磁天平测试的饱和磁化强度稍偏低,相对误差小于2%,说明古埃磁天平法测量精度较高,适用于测试磁性材料的磁化率和饱和磁化强度。     

钙钛矿型锰氧化物(La_(0.8)Eu_(0.2))_(4/3)Sr_(5/3)Mn_2O_7的磁性和电性研究

采用传统固相反应法制备钙钛矿型锰氧化物(La0.8Eu0.2)4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7多晶样品,X-射线衍射分析表明,样品(La0.8Eu0.2)4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7结构呈现良好的单相.通过磁化强度随温度的变化曲线(M-T)、不同温度下磁化强度随磁场的变化曲线(M-H)和电子自旋共振谱发现:在300 K以下,随着温度的降低,样品先后经历了二维短程铁磁有序转变(T2D C≈282K)、三维长程铁磁有序转变(T3D C≈259K)、奈尔转变(T N≈208K)和电荷有序转变(T CO≈35K);样品(La0.8Eu0.2)4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7在T N以下,主要处于反铁磁态;在T3D C达到370 K时,样品处于铁磁-顺磁共存态,在370 K以上时样品进入顺磁态.此外,分析电阻率随温度的变化曲线(ρ-T)得到:样品在金属-绝缘转变温度(T P≈80K)附近出现最大磁电阻值,其位置远离T3D C,表现出非本征磁电阻现象,其磁电阻值约为61%.在T CO以下,电阻率出现明显增长,这是由于温度下降使原本在高温部分巡游的e g电子开始自发局域化增强所致.通过对(La0.8Eu0.2)4/3Sr5/3Mn2O7的ρ-T曲线拟合,发现样品在高温部分的导电方式基本遵循小极化子的导电方式.     

Magnetic properties in BaFe12O19 nanoparticles prepared under a magnetic field

It was observed that the nanocrystallites of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ formed at 140°C under a 0.25 T magnetic field exhibited a higher saturation magnetization (6.1 emu/g at room temperature) than that of the sample (1.1 emu/g) obtained under zero magnetic field. Both of the two approaches yielded plain-like particles with an average particle size of 12 nm. However, the Curie temperature (T_c), a direct measuring of the strength of superexchange interaction of Fe³⁺–O²⁻–Fe³⁺, increased from 410°C for the nanoparticles prepared without an external field applied to 452°C for the particles formed under a 0.25 T magnetic field, which indicates that external magnetic fields can improve the occupancy of magnetic ions and then increase the superexchange interaction. This was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectrum analysis. The results present in this paper suggest that in addition to oxygen defects, surface non-magnetic layer and a fraction of finer particles in the superparamagnetic range, cation vacancies should be responsible for the decreasing of saturation magnetization in magnetic nanoparticles.     

Study of the magnetic microstructure of Ni/NiO nanogranular samples above the electric percolation threshold by magnetoresistance measurements

Magnetoresistance measurements have been exploited to gain information on the magnetic microstructure of two Ni/NiO nanogranular materials consisting of Ni nanocrystallites (mean size of the order of 10 nm) embedded in a NiO matrix and differing in the amount of metallic Ni, ~33 and ~61 vol%. The overall conductance of both samples is metallic in character, indicating that the Ni content is above the percolation threshold for electric conductivity; the electric resistivity is two orders of magnitude smaller in the sample with higher Ni fraction (10(-5) Ωm against 10(-3) Ωm). An isotropic, spin-dependent magnetoresistance has been measured in the sample with lower Ni content, whereas both isotropic and anisotropic magnetoresistance phenomena coexist in the other material. This study, associated with magnetization loop measurements and the comparison with the exchange bias effect, allows one to conclude that in the sample with lower Ni content neither the physical percolation of the Ni nanocrystallites nor the magnetic percolation (i.e., formation of a homogeneous ferromagnetic network) are achieved; in the other sample physical percolation is reached while magnetic percolation is still absent. In both behaviors, a key role is played by the NiO matrix, which brings about a magnetic nanocrystallite/matrix interface exchange energy term and rules both the direct exchange interaction among Ni nanocrystallites and the magnetotransport properties of these nanogranular materials.     

Sm-Fe和Sm-Co非晶态合金薄膜的高场热磁效应

本文研究了Sm_xT_1-x(T=Fe,Co)非晶态薄膜的磁化强度σ与温度T的关系。发现在磁场H=7T下,对Sm_xCo_1-x样品(x=0.46,0.48,0.54,0.65)的升温过程测得的σ(T)曲线上有极大值,它对应的温度都在25—28K范围内,与成分关系不大。非晶态Sm_xFe_1-x(x=0.46,0.73)的结果与之不同,极大值对应的温度与成分有关。对上述样品,还发现在T≈6K附近σ(T)有极小值(和陡变),在近室温端,出现σ(T)下降缓慢的“拖尾巴”现象。我们认为,Sm-Co非晶态薄膜表现的高场热磁效应可能起源于Sm原子磁矩对磁化的贡献不可忽略,作用在Sm原子上的局域无规各向异性很强;这种各向异性在20—30K变化较大。而Sm-Fe薄膜的高场热磁效应可能起源于Fe原子磁矩的分散。σ(T)在6K附近的极小值(和陡变)及其在室温端变化缓慢的原因,可能是合金成分的涨落所致。 关键词：     

Magnetization processes in nanocrystalline gadolinium

The thermal decline in magnetization, M(T), at fixed magnetic field (H) under 'zero-field-cooled' (ZFC) and 'field-cooled' (FC) conditions, the time evolution of ZFC magnetization, M(ZFC)(t), at fixed temperature and field, M(H) hysteresis loops/isotherms, and ac susceptibility have been measured on polycrystalline Gd samples with average grain sizes of d = 12 and 18 nm. The irreversibility in magnetization, M(irr), occurring below a characteristic temperature that reduces with increasing H, is completely suppressed above a grain-size-dependent threshold field, H*. At low fields (H ≤ 100 Oe), M(irr)(T), like the coercive field, H(c)(T), exhibits a minimum at ～16 K and a broad peak at ～50 K before going to zero at T ? T(C) (Curie temperature). At fixed temperature (T < T(C)) and field (H ? H*), where M(irr) is finite, M(ZFC) has a logarithmic dependence on time. The magnetic viscosity (S) at H = 1 Oe and T ≤ 290 K is independent of the measurement time above ～2 ms but for t < 2 ms it is strongly time-dependent. S(T) peaks at T ? T(C) for H = 1 Oe. A magnetic field reduces the peak height and shifts the peak in S(T) to lower temperatures. All the above observations are put on a consistent theoretical footing within the framework of a model in which the intra-grain magnetizations overcome the energy barriers (brought about by the intra-grain and grain-boundary/interfacial magnetic anisotropies) by the thermal activation process. These field- and temperature-dependent energy barriers, that separate the high-energy metastable (ZFC) state from the stable minimum-energy (FC) state, are independent of time for t ? 2 ms and have a very broad distribution. We show that the shape anisotropy plays a decisive role in the magnetization reversal process, and that the magnetocrystalline and magnetostatic fluctuations, prevalent in the grain-boundary and interfacial regions, govern the approach-to-saturation of magnetization in nanocrystalline Gd.     

Signatures of spin-glass behaviour in PrIr2B2 and heavy fermion behaviour in PrIr2B2C

The magnetic and transport properties of PrIr(2)B(2) and PrIr(2)B(2)C have been investigated by dc and ac magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements. PrIr(2)B(2) forms in CaRh(2)B(2)-type orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Fddd). At low fields the dc magnetic susceptibility of PrIr(2)B(2) exhibits a sharp anomaly near 46 K which is followed by an abrupt increase below 10 K with a peak at 6 K, and split-up in ZFC and FC data below 46 K. In contrast, the specific heat exhibits only a broad Schottky type hump near 9 K which indicates that there is no long range magnetic order in this compound. The thermo-remanent magnetization is found to decay very slowly with a mean relaxation time τ = 3917 s. An ac magnetic susceptibility measurement also observes two sharp anomalies; the peak positions strongly depend on the frequency and shift towards high temperature with an increase in frequency, obeying the Vogel-Fulcher law as expected for a canonical spin-glass system. The two spin-glass transitions occur at freezing temperatures T(f1) = 36 K and T(f2) = 3.5 K with shifts in the freezing temperatures per decade of frequency δT(f1) = 0.044 and δT(f2) = 0.09. An analysis of the frequency dependence of the transition temperature with critical slowing down, τ(max)/τ(0) = [(T(f)-T(SG))/T(SG)](-zν), gives τ(0) = 10(-7) s and exponent zν = 8, and the Vogel-Fulcher law gives an activation energy of 84 K for T(f1) and 27.5 K for T(f2). While zν = 8 is typical for spin-glass system, the characteristic relaxation time τ(0) = 10(-7) s is very large and comparable to that of superspin-glass systems. An addition of C in PrIr(2)B(2) leads to PrIr(2)B(2)C which forms in LuNi(2)B(2)C-type tetragonal structure (space group I4/mmm) and remains paramagnetic down to 2 K. The specific heat data show a broad Schottky type anomaly, which could be fairly reproduced with CEF analysis which suggests that the ground state is a CEF-split singlet and the first excited state singlet is situated 15 K above the ground state. The Sommerfeld coefficient γ～300 mJ mol(-1) K(-2) of PrIr(2)B(2)C is very high and reflects a heavy fermion behaviour in this compound. We believe that the heavy fermion state in PrIr(2)B(2)C has its origin in low lying crystal field excitations as has been observed in PrRh(2)B(2)C.     

Dependence of exchange bias on the field-cooled remanent magnetic state in Ni/NiO nanogranular samples

The magnitude of the exchange bias (EB) effect in nanogranular Ni/NiO samples (with Ni content between about 4 and 69 wt% and mean size of the Ni crystallites of the order of 10 nm) has been found to be strictly related to the increase in the remanent magnetization measured after field-cooling, with respect to the value after zero-field-cooling, normalized to the saturation magnetization. This allows describing the EB mechanism in terms of the fraction of the magnetic moments of the Ni nanocrystallites that irreversibly has aligned in the field direction during field-cooling, due to the exchange anisotropy, and that is effectively involved in the loop shift. Hence, the possibility of tuning EB by controlling the field-cooled remanent magnetic state is shown.     

表面效应对γ-Fe2O3微粉饱和磁化强度的影响

我们制备了直径为80—700A的γ-Fe₂O₃微粉,测量了它的比饱和磁化强度σ_s和比表面积S_a,得出经验公式:σ_s(s=σ_s(∞)(1—aS_a)。假定微粉由两部分组成:第一部分是表面层,在磁场的作用下,它的磁矩只能转到与磁场成某个角度;第二部分是内部,它的磁矩可以转到磁场的方向。从这个简单的模型出发,上述的经验公式可以得到较好的解释。 关键词：     

快速冷凝法制备纳米复合Nd3:8Dy0:7Pr3:5Fe86Nb1B5永磁材料的织构和磁畴

" 通过快速冷凝的方法制备了高性能、强织构纳米复合Nd3:8Dy0:7Pr3:5Fe86Nb1B5永磁材料．X射线衍射和磁测量分析显示薄带有优先取向的特征．随着快淬速度的提高,易磁化方向由垂直与薄带面的方向转向平行于薄带面的方向．通过SPM分析了样品中磁畴结构的形成以及对交换耦合作用强弱的影响．同时,Henkel曲线也表明了在快淬速度为30 m/s下制备的薄带晶粒有较强的交换耦合作用,从而使其剩磁提高,磁性能增强．在快淬速度为30 m/s下制备的样品平均晶粒尺寸为16 nm,样品含有高织构的硬磁相(Nd,     

Direct observation of spontaneous weak ferromagnetism in the superconductor ErNi2B2C

Neutron measurements show that superconducting ErNi2B2C (T(C) = 11 K) develops antiferromagnetic spin density wave magnetic order (T(N) = 6 K), which squares up with decreasing temperature yielding a series of higher-order magnetic Bragg peaks with odd harmonics. Below T(WFM) = 2.3 K where magnetization indicates a net moment develops, even-order Bragg peaks develop which low field (approximately 3 Oe) polarized beam measurements show are magnetic in origin. The data directly demonstrate the existence of a net magnetization with a periodicity of 20a, confirming the microscopic coexistence of spontaneous weak ferromagnetism with superconductivity.     

Low temperature magnetism in the rare-earth perovskite GdScO_3

The magnetic phase diagram of rare-earth perovskite compound, GdScO_3, has been investigated by magnetization and heat capacity. The system undergoes an antiferromagnetic phase transition at T_N= 2.6K, with an easy axis of magnetization along the a axis. The magnetization measurements show that it exists a spin-flop transition around 0.3 T for the applied field along the a axis. The critical magnetic field for the antiferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition is near 3.2 T when temperature approaches zero. By scaling susceptibilities, we presume this point(B = 3.2 T, T = 0 K) might be a fieldinduced quantum critical point and the magnetic critical fluctuations can even be felt above TN.